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He Y, Wang J, Zhu T, Zheng Z, Wei H. Nitrogen atom insertion into arenols to access benzazepines. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2612-2617. [PMID: 38362409 PMCID: PMC10866339 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05367a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Advances in site-selective molecular editing have enabled structural modification on complex molecules. However, thus far, their applications have been restricted to C-H functionalization chemistry. The modification of the underlying molecular skeleton remains limited. Here, we describe a skeletal editing approach that provides access to benzazepine structures through direct nitrogen atom insertion into arenols. Using widely available arenols as benzazepine precursors, this alternative approach allowed the streamlined assembly of benzazepines with broad functional group tolerance. Experimental mechanistic studies support a reaction pathway involving dearomatizative azidation and then aryl migration. This study further highlights the potential for carbon-nitrogen transmutation sequences through combinations with oxidative carbon atom deletion, providing an alternative for the development of N-heteroarenes and demonstrating significant potential in materials chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of the Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an 710069 China
| | - Juanjuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of the Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an 710069 China
| | - Tongtong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of the Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an 710069 China
| | - Zhaojing Zheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University Xi'an 710069 China
| | - Hao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of the Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an 710069 China
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Kuroki K, Ito T, Takaya J. Reversible Boron-Insertion into Aromatic C-C Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312980. [PMID: 37735101 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Formation of borabicyclo[3.2.0]heptadiene derivatives was achieved via boron-insertion into aromatic C-C bonds in the photo-promoted skeletal rearrangement reaction of triarylboranes bearing an ortho-phosphino substituent (ambiphilic phosphine-boranes). The borabicyclo[3.2.0]heptadiene derivatives were fully characterized by NMR and X-ray analyses. The dearomatized products were demonstrated to undergo the reverse reaction in the dark at room temperature, realizing photochemical and thermal interconversion between triarylboranes and boron-doped bicyclic systems. Experimental and theoretical studies revealed that sequential two electrocyclic reactions involving E/Z-isomerization of an alkene moiety proceed via a highly strained trans-borepin intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaito Kuroki
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Tatsuyoshi Ito
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Jun Takaya
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
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3
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Li H, Li N, Wu J, Yu T, Zhang R, Xu LP, Wei H. Rhodium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Nitrogen Atom Insertion into Arene Rings. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17570-17576. [PMID: 37535929 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we describe the direct insertion of an intramolecular nitrogen atom into an aromatic C-C bond. In this transformation, carbamoyl azides are activated by a Rh catalyst and subsequently directly inserted into the C-C bond of an arene ring to access fused azepine products. This transformation is challenging, owing to the existence of a competitive C-H amination pathway. The use of a paddlewheel dirhodium complex Rh2(esp)2 effectively inhibited the undesired C-H insertion. Density functional theory calculations were performed to reveal the reaction mechanism and origin of the chemoselectivity of the Rh-catalyzed reactions. The novel fused azepine products are highly robust and allow for downstream diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Na Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Jinghao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Tianyang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Li-Ping Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Hao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
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Zhu M, Chai Z, Lv ZJ, Li T, Liu W, Wei J, Zhang WX. Selective Cleavage of the Strong or Weak C-C Bonds in Biphenylene Enabled by Rare-Earth Metals. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:6633-6638. [PMID: 36917557 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Selective cleavage of C-C bonds within arene rings is of great interest but remains elusive, especially for the molecules possessing the active and inert C-C bonds. Here, we report that the active and inert C-C bonds of biphenylene could be controllably cleaved by the reaction of biphenylene, potassium graphite, and rare-earth complexes with different metal centers. For scandium, the bond activation occurs at the Caryl-Caryl single bond, yielding 9-scandafluorene. For Lu, the reaction goes through ring contraction of the aromatic ring in biphenylene to provide benzopentalene dianionic lutetium. The origin of the selectivity and the reaction mechanism were illustrated by the isolation of intermediates and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhengqi Chai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ze-Jie Lv
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junnian Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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5
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Silva WR, Fitian M, Yang DS. Probing La and Ce Excited-State Reactivity with Resonant Two-Photon Ionization Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:7613-7620. [PMID: 36223649 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dehydrogenation and C-C bond cleavage of 1-butyne by the excited states of La and Ce atoms are investigated in laser-ablation metal molecular beams. The excited states of the metal atoms are prepared by resonant excitation, detected by resonant two-photon ionization spectroscopy, and the reaction products are monitored by photoionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The reactivities of La* [5d2(3F)6p (4G5/2°)] and Ce* [4f5d(3F°)6s6p(3P°) (5H5)] excited states are observed to be higher than those of the initial states of the corresponding metal atoms. The higher reactivities of the excited states are attributed to their higher energies and favorable electron configurations to form two covalent bonds of the metal-insertion intermediates. Although both excited La and Ce atoms show increased reactivities, the enhancement for Ce is much more pronounced than that of La, which cannot be explained by electron configurations alone. The larger reactivity enhancement from the initial states to the excited state of the Ce atom than that of La is due to the longer lifetime of the Ce excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Ruchira Silva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Siena College, Loudonville, New York 12211, United States
| | - Maria Fitian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Siena College, Loudonville, New York 12211, United States
| | - Dong-Sheng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
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Chan APY, Jakoobi M, Wang C, O'Neill RT, Aydin GSS, Halcovitch N, Boulatov R, Sergeev AG. Selective ortho-C-H Activation in Arenes without Functional Groups. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11564-11568. [PMID: 35728272 PMCID: PMC9348813 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aromatic C-H activation in alkylarenes is a key step for the synthesis of functionalized organic molecules from simple hydrocarbon precursors. Known examples of such C-H activations often yield mixtures of products resulting from activation of the least hindered C-H bonds. Here we report highly selective ortho-C-H activation in alkylarenes by simple iridium complexes. We demonstrate that the capacity of the alkyl substituent to override the typical preference of metal-mediated C-H activation for the least hindered aromatic C-H bonds results from transient insertion of iridium into the benzylic C-H bond. This enables fast iridium insertion into the ortho-C-H bond, followed by regeneration of the benzylic C-H bond by reductive elimination. Bulkier alkyl substituents increase the ortho selectivity. The described chemistry represents a conceptually new alternative to existing approaches for aromatic C-H bond activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony P Y Chan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Martin Jakoobi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Chenxu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Robert T O'Neill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Gülsevim S S Aydin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Nathan Halcovitch
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YW, U.K
| | - Roman Boulatov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K.,State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Alexey G Sergeev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
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Chan APY, Jakoobi M, Wang C, Tian Y, Halcovitch N, Boulatov R, Sergeev AG. Selective, radical-free activation of benzylic C-H bonds in methylarenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7894-7897. [PMID: 34286736 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03445f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We report rare examples of exclusive benzylic C-H oxidative addition in industrially important methylarenes using simple η4-arene iridium complexes. Mechanistic studies showed that coordinatively unsaturated η2-arene intermediates are responsible for the selective activation of benzylic, not aromatic C-H bonds and formation of stable benzyl complexes after trapping with a phosphine ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony P Y Chan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
| | - Martin Jakoobi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
| | - Chenxu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
| | - Yancong Tian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
| | - Nathan Halcovitch
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Roman Boulatov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
| | - Alexey G Sergeev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
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Wang J, Qi X, Min XL, Yi W, Liu P, He Y. Tandem Iridium Catalysis as a General Strategy for Atroposelective Construction of Axially Chiral Styrenes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:10686-10694. [PMID: 34228930 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Axially chiral styrenes are of great interest since they may serve as a class of novel chiral ligands in asymmetric synthesis. However, only recently have strategies been developed for their enantioselective preparation. Thus, the development of novel and efficient methodologies is highly desirable. Herein, we reported the first tandem iridium catalysis as a general strategy for the synthesis of axially chiral styrenes enabled by Asymmetric Allylic Substitution-Isomerization (AASI) using cinnamyl carbonate analogues as electrophiles and naphthols as nucleophiles. In this approach, axially chiral styrenes were generated through two independent iridium-catalytic cycles: iridium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic substitution and in situ isomerization via stereospecific 1,3-hydride transfer catalyzed by the same iridium catalyst. Both experimental and computational studies demonstrated that the isomerization proceeded by iridium-catalyzed benzylic C-H bond oxidative addition, followed by terminal C-H reductive elimination. Amid the central-to-axial chirality transfer, the hydroxyl of naphthol plays a crucial role in ensuring the stereospecificity by coordinating with the Ir(I) center. The process accommodated broad functional group compatibility. The products were generated in excellent yields with excellent to high enantioselectivities, which could be transformed to various axially chiral molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xiaotian Qi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Xiao-Long Min
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Wenbin Yi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Ying He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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