1
|
Sun J, Dong J, Gao L, Zhao YQ, Moon H, Scott SL. Catalytic Upcycling of Polyolefins. Chem Rev 2024; 124:9457-9579. [PMID: 39151127 PMCID: PMC11363024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/18/2024]
Abstract
The large production volumes of commodity polyolefins (specifically, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, and poly(vinyl chloride)), in conjunction with their low unit values and multitude of short-term uses, have resulted in a significant and pressing waste management challenge. Only a small fraction of these polyolefins is currently mechanically recycled, with the rest being incinerated, accumulating in landfills, or leaking into the natural environment. Since polyolefins are energy-rich materials, there is considerable interest in recouping some of their chemical value while simultaneously motivating more responsible end-of-life management. An emerging strategy is catalytic depolymerization, in which a portion of the C-C bonds in the polyolefin backbone is broken with the assistance of a catalyst and, in some cases, additional small molecule reagents. When the products are small molecules or materials with higher value in their own right, or as chemical feedstocks, the process is called upcycling. This review summarizes recent progress for four major catalytic upcycling strategies: hydrogenolysis, (hydro)cracking, tandem processes involving metathesis, and selective oxidation. Key considerations include macromolecular reaction mechanisms relative to small molecule mechanisms, catalyst design for macromolecular transformations, and the effect of process conditions on product selectivity. Metrics for describing polyolefin upcycling are critically evaluated, and an outlook for future advances is described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiakai Sun
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Santa
Barbara, California 93106-9510, United States
| | - Jinhu Dong
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5080, United
States
| | - Lijun Gao
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5080, United
States
| | - Yu-Quan Zhao
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Santa
Barbara, California 93106-9510, United States
| | - Hyunjin Moon
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5080, United
States
| | - Susannah L. Scott
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Santa
Barbara, California 93106-9510, United States
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5080, United
States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kakiuchi Y, Docherty SR, Berkson ZJ, Yakimov AV, Wörle M, Copéret C, Aghazada S. Origin of Reactivity Trends of an Elusive Metathesis Intermediate from NMR Chemical Shift Analysis of Surrogate Analogues. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:20168-20182. [PMID: 38980045 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Olefin metathesis has become an efficient tool in synthetic organic chemistry to build carbon-carbon bonds, thanks to the development of Grubbs- and Schrock-type catalysts. Olefin coordination, a key and often rate-determining elementary step for d0 Schrock-type catalysts, has been rarely explored due to the lack of accessible relevant molecular analogues. Herein, we present a fully characterized surrogate of this key olefin-coordination intermediate, namely, a cationic d0 tungsten oxo-methylidene complex bearing two N-heterocyclic carbene ligands─[WO(CH2)Cl(IMes)2](OTf) (1) (IMes = 1,3-dimesitylimidazole-2-ylidene, OTf-triflate counteranion), resulting in a trigonal bipyramidal (TBP) geometry, along with its neutral octahedral analogue [WO(CH2)Cl2(IMes)2] (2)─and an isostructural oxo-methylidyne derivative [WO(CH)Cl(IMes)2] (3). The analysis of their solid-state 13C and 183W MAS NMR signatures, along with computed 17O NMR parameters, helps to correlate their electronic structures with NMR patterns and evidences the importance of the competition among the three equatorial ligands in the TBP complexes. Anchored on experimentally obtained NMR parameters for 1, computational analysis of a series of olefin coordination intermediates highlights the interplay between σ- and π-donating ligands in modulating their stability and further paralleling their reactivity. NMR spectroscopy descriptors reveal the origin for the advantage of the dissymmetry in σ-donating abilities of ancillary ligands in Schrock-type catalysts: weak σ-donors avoid the orbital-competition with the oxo ligand upon formation of a TBP olefin-coordination intermediate, while stronger σ-donors compromise M≡O triple bonding and thus render olefin coordination step energy demanding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Kakiuchi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Scott R Docherty
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Zachariah J Berkson
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Alexander V Yakimov
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Michael Wörle
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Sadig Aghazada
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Maji M, Sousa-Silva A, Solans-Monfort X, Schrock RR, Conley MP, Farias P, Carta V. Thermal Formation of Metathesis-Active Tungsten Alkylidene Complexes from Cyclohexene. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18661-18671. [PMID: 38917446 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
A 7-tungstabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane complex forms slowly upon addition of cyclohexene to the ethylene complex, W(NAr)(OSiPh3)2(C2H4), at 22 °C. A single-crystal X-ray study showed its structure to be closest to a square pyramid (τ = 0.23). At 22 °C, loss of cyclohexene or ring contraction of the 7-tungstabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane complex is slow. Above ∼80 °C, cyclohexene is ejected to give W(NAr)(OSiPh3)2(C2H4), but a sufficient amount of 7-tungstabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane complex remains in the presence of cyclohexene and the ring contracts to yield methylenecyclohexane and a methylidene complex or ethylene and a cyclohexylidene complex. Other complexes that have been observed include an 8-tungstabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane complex formed from 1,7-octadiene, a 7-tungstabicyclo[4.2.0]octane complex (formed from a methylidene complex and cyclohexene), and a methylenecyclohexane complex. 13C-Labeling studies show that the exo-methylene group in methylenecyclohexane and the α positions in the 8-tungstabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane come from ethylene. An alternative ring contraction of a tungstacyclopentane made from two molecules of cyclohexene cannot be excluded when concentrations of ethylene are low. A cyclohexylidene complex could also form from two cyclohexenes via a newly proposed "alkyl/allyl" mechanism. The results reported here are the first experimental confirmations that a tungstacyclopentane can ring-contract thermally at a substituted WCα position to form a tungstacyclobutane and therefore metathesis-active alkylidenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milan Maji
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | | | | | - Richard R Schrock
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Matthew P Conley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Phillip Farias
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Veronica Carta
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sousa JAD, Sá JLDS, Carneiro JWDM, Matos JMED. Structural and thermodynamic insights into the coordination preference of norbornadiene with the initiator complex [RuCl 2(PPh 3) 2(piperidine)] in polymerization via olefin metathesis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:13164-13171. [PMID: 38630007 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03349j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The metathesis reaction has been an important tool in both organic and inorganic synthetic chemistry. More specifically in polymer chemistry, ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP), via the formation of an active metal-carbene species (MCHR), has been widely used. The elucidation of the mechanism for ROMP opened the way for the development of well-defined catalysts, suited to local conditions. In the present study, we employed density functional theory (DFT) to investigate three reaction pathways for the formation of a species capable of activating ROMP. The active species is formed from the [RuCl2(PPh3)2(pip)] complex in the presence of norbornadiene (NBD) and the carbene source ethyl diazoacetate (EDA). Formation of a hexacoordinated intermediate [RuCl2(PPh3)2(pip)(NBD)] is favored in the first step, with NBD doubly coordinated to the [RuCl2(PPh3)2(pip)] moiety. Analysis of donation (X → Ru) and back-donation (Ru → X) processes in the [RuCl2(PPh3)2(pip)(NBD)] complex shows that piperidine behaves as a σ donor, while NBD behaves as a π donor and the PPh3 groups act as π acceptors. The intensity of the orbital component is predominant in relation to the steric component in the complex. Thus, we propose that the reaction occurs through the formation of a hexacoordinated complex, followed by the dissociation of a PPh3 group, thus forming a complex where NBD is doubly coordinated to the metal center. Coordination of EDA leads finally to the catalyst capable of forming the metallocyclobutane intermediate required for the ROMP reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio de Sousa
- Centro de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, 64049-550, Brazil.
| | - José Luiz da Silva Sá
- Centro de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Estadual do Piauí, Teresina, PI, 64002-150, Brazil
| | - José Walkimar de Mesquita Carneiro
- Centro de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Estadual do Piauí, Teresina, PI, 64002-150, Brazil
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, 24020-141, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tangyen N, Natongchai W, Del Gobbo S, D’Elia V. Revisiting the Potential of Group VI Inorganic Precatalysts for the Ethenolysis of Fatty Acids through a Mechanochemical Approach. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:19712-19722. [PMID: 38708207 PMCID: PMC11064009 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The utilization of biobased feedstocks to prepare useful compounds is a pivotal trend in current chemical research. Among a varied portfolio of naturally available starting materials, fatty acids are abundant, versatile substrates with multiple applications. In this context, the ethenolysis of unsaturated fatty acid esters such as methyl oleate is an atom-economical way to prepare functional C10 olefins with a biobased footprint. Despite the existence of a variety of metathesis catalysts for the latter process, there is a lack of readily available, efficient, and inexpensive catalytic systems based on earth-abundant metals (Mo, W) whose preparation does not require sophisticated syntheses and manipulations. Here, a systematic exploration of homogeneous and heterogeneous inorganic Mo, W (oxy)halides shows that MoOCl4, while inactive as a homogeneous species, forms active and selective silica-supported ethenolysis precatalysts able to reach equilibrium conversion of methyl oleate within a few minutes upon activation with SnMe4. Such heterogeneous MoOCl4-based precatalysts were easily accessed through mechanochemical solvent-free procedures and found to contain, upon characterization by elemental analysis and Raman spectroscopy, isolated (≡SiO)Mo(=O)Cl3 units or polymeric silica-supported [-O(≡SiO)nMoCl4-nO-]m (n = 1, 2) complexes depending on the molybdenum loading. The former isolated species exhibited a higher catalytic performance. The developed heterogeneous precatalysts could be applied to the ethenolysis of various substrates, including polyunsaturated fatty acid esters and industrial fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) mixtures from palm oil transesterification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Valerio D’Elia
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, VISTEC Advanced Laboratory for Environment-Related
Inorganic and Organic Syntheses, Vidyasirimedhi
Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Payupnai, Wang Chan, 21210 Rayong, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu YL, Liu J, Li XY, He P, Liu YX, Xiang M, Tang S. A radical 1,4-aryl migration enables nickel-catalysed remote cross-electrophile coupling of β-bromo amino acid esters with vinyl triflates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4306-4309. [PMID: 38533558 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00627e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
A radical 1,4-aryl migration enabling a cross-electrophile coupling reaction toward remote transalkylation of N-benzyl alanine has been developed. In this strategy, with the occurrence of a radical-mediated Turce-Smiles rearrangement, key α-aminoalkyl radicals are generated. The as-formed α-aminoalkyl radical serves as a robust coupling partner for cross-electrophilic coupling with vinyl triflates, affording a series of olefin-tethered amino acid motifs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Ling Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China.
| | - Jian Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China.
| | - Xin-Yu Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China.
| | - Peng He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China.
| | - Yu-Xuan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China.
| | - Mei Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China.
| | - Shi Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kakiuchi Y, Karmakar PS, Roudin J, Tonks IA, Copéret C. Bonding and Reactivity of d 0 Transition Metal Imido Complexes Encoded in Their 15N NMR Signatures. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9860-9870. [PMID: 38534051 PMCID: PMC11059434 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Terminal imido complexes containing metal-nitrogen multiple bonds have been widely used in organometallic chemistry and homogeneous catalysis. The role of terminal imido ligands spans from reactive sites to spectator motifs, largely depending on the nature of the metal center and its specific coordination sphere. Aiming at identifying reactivity descriptors for M-N multiple bonds, we herein explore solid-state 15N NMR spectroscopy (ssNMR) on early transition metal terminal imido complexes augmented by computational studies and show that the asymmetry parameter, κ (skew, 1 ≥ κ ≥ -1), readily available from experiments or calculations, is diagnostic for the reactivity of M-N multiple bonds in imido complexes. While inert imido ligands exhibit skew values (κ) close to 1, highly reactive imido moieties display significantly lower skew values (κ ≪ 1) as found in metallocene or bis-imido complexes. Natural chemical shielding analysis shows that skew values away from 1 are associated with an asymmetric development of π-orbitals around the M-N multiple bond of the imido moiety, with a larger double-bond character for reactive imido. Notably, this descriptor does not directly relate to the M-N-C bond angle, illustrating the shortcoming of evaluating bonding and hybridization from geometrical parameters alone. Overall, this descriptor enables to obtain direct experimental evidence for the π-loading effect seen in bis(imido) and related complexes, thus explaining their bonding/reactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Kakiuchi
- Department of Chemistiy and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Partha Sarathi Karmakar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota–Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jérémy Roudin
- Department of Chemistiy and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ian A. Tonks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota–Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistiy and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pecak J, Talmazan RA, Svatunek D, Kirchner K, Podewitz M. Is Mn(I) More Promising Than Fe(II)-A Comparison of Mn vs Fe Complexes for Olefin Metathesis. Organometallics 2024; 43:457-466. [PMID: 38425381 PMCID: PMC10900517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.3c00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Olefin metathesis is one of the most significant transformations in organic chemistry and is an excellent example for efficient homogeneous catalysis. Although most currently used catalysts are primarily based on 4d and 5d metals, cycloaddition and cycloreversion reactions can also be attributed to first-row transition metals, such as Fe. Surprisingly, the potential of Mn(I)-based catalysts for olefin metathesis has been unexplored despite their prominence in homogeneous catalysis and their diagonal relationship to Ru(II). In the present study, we have investigated the prospective capabilities of Mn complexes for cycloaddition and reversion reactions using density functional theory. Therefore, we have initially compared the literature known iron model systems and their isoelectronic Mn counterparts regarding their reactivity and electronic structure. Next, we constructed potential Mn complexes derived from synthetically accessible species, including carbonyl ligands and obeying octahedral geometry. Based on thermodynamic parameters and the calculation of electronic descriptors, we were able to validate the isodiagonal relationship. Our study serves as guidance for the experimental chemist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Pecak
- Institute
of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Radu A. Talmazan
- Institute
of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Dennis Svatunek
- Institute
of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Karl Kirchner
- Institute
of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Maren Podewitz
- Institute
of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna 1060, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mammadova GZ, Atioğlu Z, Akkurt M, Grigoriev MS, Volchkov NS, Azizova AN, Bhattarai A, Antonova AS. Crystal structure of [1,3-bis-(2,4,6-tri-methyl-phen-yl)imidazolidin-2-yl-idene]di-chlorido-(2-{[(2-methoxyeth-yl)(meth-yl)amino]-meth-yl}benzyl-idene)ruth-en-ium. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2024; 80:50-53. [PMID: 38312164 PMCID: PMC10833371 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989023010381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
The title compound, [RuCl2(C33H43N3O)], is an example of a new generation of N,N-dialkyl ruthenium catalysts with an N-Ru coordination bond as part of a six-membered chelate ring. The Ru atom has an Addison τ parameter of 0.244, which indicates a geometry inter-mediate between square-based pyramidal and trigonal-bipyramidal. The complex shows the usual trans arrangement of the two chlorides, with Ru-Cl bond lengths of 2.3515 (8) and 2.379 (7) Å, and a Cl-Ru-Cl angle of 158.02 (3)°. One of the chlorine atoms and the atoms of the 2-meth-oxy-N-methyl-N-[(2-methyl-phen-yl)meth-yl]ethane-1-amine group of the title complex display disorder over two positions in a 0.889 (2): 0.111 (2) ratio.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gunay Z. Mammadova
- Organic Chemistry Department, Baku State University, Z. Xalilov Str. 23, Az 1148 Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Zeliha Atioğlu
- Department of Aircraft Electrics and Electronics, School of Applied Sciences, Cappadocia University, Mustafapaşa, 50420 Ürgüp, Nevşehir, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Akkurt
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Mikhail S. Grigoriev
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 31, bld. 4, Moscow 119071, Russian Federation
| | - Nikita S. Volchkov
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, RUDN University, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, Moscow 117198, Russian Federation
| | - Asmet N. Azizova
- Department of Synthesis of Biologically Active Compounds, Scientific Research Center, Azerbaijan Medical University, Samed Vurgun St. 167, Az 1022 Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Ajaya Bhattarai
- Department of Chemistry, M.M.A.M.C (Tribhuvan University) Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - Alexandra S. Antonova
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, RUDN University, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, Moscow 117198, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rajapaksha R, Samanta P, Quadrelli EA, Canivet J. Heterogenization of molecular catalysts within porous solids: the case of Ni-catalyzed ethylene oligomerization from zeolites to metal-organic frameworks. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:8059-8076. [PMID: 37902965 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00188a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
The last decade has seen a tremendous expansion of the field of heterogenized molecular catalysis, especially with the growing interest in metal-organic frameworks and related porous hybrid solids. With successful achievements in the transfer from molecular homogeneous catalysis to heterogenized processes come the necessary discussions on methodologies used and a critical assessment on the advantages of heterogenizing molecular catalysis. Here we use the example of nickel-catalyzed ethylene oligomerization, a reaction of both fundamental and applied interest, to review heterogenization methodologies of well-defined molecular catalysts within porous solids while addressing the biases in the comparison between original molecular systems and heterogenized counterparts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Rajapaksha
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON - UMR 5256, 2 Av. Albert Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Partha Samanta
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON - UMR 5256, 2 Av. Albert Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Elsje Alessandra Quadrelli
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON - UMR 5256, 2 Av. Albert Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Jérôme Canivet
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON - UMR 5256, 2 Av. Albert Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne, France.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Skoda D, Zhu R, Hanulikova B, Styskalik A, Vykoukal V, Machac P, Simonikova L, Kuritka I, Poleunis C, Debecker DP, Román-Leshkov Y. Propylene Metathesis over Molybdenum Silicate Microspheres with Dispersed Active Sites. ACS Catal 2023; 13:12970-12982. [PMID: 37822857 PMCID: PMC10563125 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c02045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate that amorphous and porous molybdenum silicate microspheres are highly active catalysts for heterogeneous propylene metathesis. Homogeneous molybdenum silicate microspheres and aluminum-doped molybdenum silicate microspheres were synthesized via a nonaqueous condensation of a hybrid molybdenum biphenyldicarboxylate-based precursor solution with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane. The as-prepared hybrid metallosilicate products were calcined at 500 °C to obtain amorphous and porous molybdenum silicate and aluminum-doped molybdenum silicate microspheres with highly dispersed molybdate species inserted into the silicate matrix. These catalysts contain mainly highly dispersed MoOx species, which possess high catalytic activity in heterogeneous propylene metathesis to ethylene and butene. Compared to conventional silica-supported MoOx catalysts prepared via incipient wetness impregnation (MoIWI), the microspheres with low Mo content (1.5-3.6 wt %) exhibited nearly 2 orders of magnitude higher steady-state propylene metathesis rates at 200 °C, approaching site time yields of 0.11 s-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Skoda
- Centre
of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University
in Zlin, tr. Tomase Bati 5678, Zlin CZ-76001, Czech Republic
| | - Ran Zhu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology (MIT), 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Barbora Hanulikova
- Centre
of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University
in Zlin, tr. Tomase Bati 5678, Zlin CZ-76001, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Styskalik
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, Kotlarska
2, Brno CZ-61137, Czech Republic
| | - Vit Vykoukal
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, Kotlarska
2, Brno CZ-61137, Czech Republic
- Central
European Institute of Technology, Masaryk
University, Kamenice
5, Brno CZ 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Machac
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, Kotlarska
2, Brno CZ-61137, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Simonikova
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, Kotlarska
2, Brno CZ-61137, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Kuritka
- Centre
of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University
in Zlin, tr. Tomase Bati 5678, Zlin CZ-76001, Czech Republic
| | - Claude Poleunis
- Institute
of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Place Louis Pasteur 1, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Damien P. Debecker
- Institute
of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Place Louis Pasteur 1, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Yuriy Román-Leshkov
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology (MIT), 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gani TZH, Berkson ZJ, Zhu R, Kang JH, Di Iorio JR, Chan KW, Consoli DF, Shaikh SK, Copéret C, Román-Leshkov Y. Promoting active site renewal in heterogeneous olefin metathesis catalysts. Nature 2023; 617:524-528. [PMID: 37198312 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05897-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
As an atom-efficient strategy for the large-scale interconversion of olefins, heterogeneously catalysed olefin metathesis sees commercial applications in the petrochemical, polymer and speciality chemical industries1. Notably, the thermoneutral and highly selective cross-metathesis of ethylene and 2-butenes1 offers an appealing route for the on-purpose production of propylene to address the C3 shortfall caused by using shale gas as a feedstock in steam crackers2,3. However, key mechanistic details have remained ambiguous for decades, hindering process development and adversely affecting economic viability4 relative to other propylene production technologies2,5. Here, from rigorous kinetic measurements and spectroscopic studies of propylene metathesis over model and industrial WOx/SiO2 catalysts, we identify a hitherto unknown dynamic site renewal and decay cycle, mediated by proton transfers involving proximal Brønsted acidic OH groups, which operates concurrently with the classical Chauvin cycle. We show how this cycle can be manipulated using small quantities of promoter olefins to drastically increase steady-state propylene metathesis rates by up to 30-fold at 250 °C with negligible promoter consumption. The increase in activity and considerable reduction of operating temperature requirements were also observed on MoOx/SiO2 catalysts, showing that this strategy is possibly applicable to other reactions and can address major roadblocks associated with industrial metathesis processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terry Z H Gani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zachariah J Berkson
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ran Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jong Hun Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - John R Di Iorio
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ka Wing Chan
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel F Consoli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sohel K Shaikh
- Research & Development Center, Saudi Aramco, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Yuriy Román-Leshkov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Han L, Lv K, Wang T, Meng Z, Zhang J, Liu T. Mechanistic Insight into Palladium/Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Methoxycarbonylation and Hydromethoxylation of Internal Alkene: A Computational Study. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:3904-3915. [PMID: 36799526 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to study the palladium/Brønsted acid-catalyzed methoxycarbonylation and hydromethoxylation reactions of internal alkene. The calculated results show that the pyridyl group (N atom) in bidentate phosphine ligand with built-in base (L1) plays a crucial role in controlling the selectivity. With the help of the pyridyl group, the methanolysis steps in the methoxycarbonylation reaction and the hydromethoxylation reaction become easy, and both the linear ester methyl 3,4-dimethylpentanoate (P1) and the hydromethoxylation product 2-methoxy-2,3-dimethylbutane (P2) could be obtained. In contrast, the possibility of leading to branched ester P1' was ruled out according to our calculations. The steric effect could account for the observed selectivity. In the presence of the DPEphos ligand (L2) that does not bear the pyridyl group, the methanolysis step in the methoxycarbonylation reaction becomes the rate-determining step with a high overall energy barrier. Neither linear nor branched methoxycarbonylation product could be generated. The palladium/Brønsted acid co-catalyzed hydromethoxylation also become difficult without the assistance of the pyridyl group in the presence of the L2 ligand. Instead, TsOH-catalyzed hydromethoxylation reaction could take place to generate the ether product P2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Han
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials, Jining University, Qufu, 273155 Shandong, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165 Shandong, China
| | - Kang Lv
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials, Jining University, Qufu, 273155 Shandong, China
| | - Teng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165 Shandong, China
| | - Zitong Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165 Shandong, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials, Jining University, Qufu, 273155 Shandong, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165 Shandong, China
| | - Tao Liu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials, Jining University, Qufu, 273155 Shandong, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165 Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rodriguez J, Boudjelel M, Schrock RR, Conley MP. A Tungsten Oxo Alkylidene Supported on Sulfated Zirconium Oxide for Olefin Metathesis. Organometallics 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.3c00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Maxime Boudjelel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Richard R. Schrock
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Matthew P. Conley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jia X, Nedzbala HS, Bottum SR, Cahoon JF, Concepcion JJ, Donley CL, Gang A, Han Q, Hazari N, Kessinger MC, Lockett MR, Mayer JM, Mercado BQ, Meyer GJ, Pearce AJ, Rooney CL, Sampaio RN, Shang B, Wang H. Synthesis and Surface Attachment of Molecular Re(I) Complexes Supported by Functionalized Bipyridyl Ligands. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:2359-2375. [PMID: 36693077 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Eleven 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) ligands functionalized with attachment groups for covalent immobilization on silicon surfaces were prepared. Five of the ligands feature silatrane functional groups for attachment to metal oxide coatings on the silicon surfaces, while six contain either alkene or alkyne functional groups for attachment to hydrogen-terminated silicon surfaces. The bpy ligands were coordinated to Re(CO)5Cl to form complexes of the type Re(bpy)(CO)3Cl, which are related to known catalysts for CO2 reduction. Six of the new complexes were characterized using X-ray crystallography. As proof of principle, four molecular Re complexes were immobilized on either a thin layer of TiO2 on silicon or hydrogen-terminated silicon. The surface-immobilized complexes were characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry (CV) in the dark and for one representative example in the light. The CO stretching frequencies of the attached complexes were similar to those of the pure molecular complexes, but the CVs were less analogous. For two of the complexes, comparison of the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction performance showed lower CO Faradaic efficiencies for the immobilized complexes than the same complex in solution under similar conditions. In particular, a complex containing a silatrane linked to bpy with an amide linker showed poor catalytic performance and control experiments suggest that amide linkers in conjugation with a redox-active ligand are not stable under highly reducing conditions and alkyl linkers are more stable. A conclusion of this work is that understanding the behavior of molecular Re catalysts attached to semiconducting silicon is more complicated than related complexes, which have previously been immobilized on metallic electrodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Jia
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P. O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Hannah S Nedzbala
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P. O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Samuel R Bottum
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - James F Cahoon
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Javier J Concepcion
- Chemistry Division, Energy & Photon Sciences Directorate, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Carrie L Donley
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Albert Gang
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P. O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Qi Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Nilay Hazari
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P. O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Matthew C Kessinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Matthew R Lockett
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - James M Mayer
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P. O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Brandon Q Mercado
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P. O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Adam J Pearce
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P. O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Conor L Rooney
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P. O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States.,Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Renato N Sampaio
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Bo Shang
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P. O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States.,Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Hailiang Wang
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P. O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States.,Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kumandin PA, Antonova AS, Novikov RA, Vasilyev KA, Vinokurova MA, Grigoriev MS, Novikov AP, Polianskaia DK, Polyanskii KB, Zubkov FI. Properties and Catalytic Activity of Hoveyda–Grubbs-Type Catalysts with an S → Ru Coordination Bond in a Six-Membered Chelate Ring. Organometallics 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel A. Kumandin
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandra S. Antonova
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russian Federation
| | - Roman A. Novikov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of RAS, 47 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Kirill A. Vasilyev
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russian Federation
| | - Marina A. Vinokurova
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail S. Grigoriev
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Prospect, bld. 4, Moscow 119071, Russian Federation
| | - Anton P. Novikov
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Prospect, bld. 4, Moscow 119071, Russian Federation
| | - Daria K. Polianskaia
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russian Federation
| | - Kirill B. Polyanskii
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russian Federation
| | - Fedor I. Zubkov
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Selective formation of isoprene via dehydration of 3-methyl-1,3-butanediol over Y2Zr2O7 catalyst. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
18
|
Berkson Z, Björgvinsdóttir S, Yakimov A, Gioffrè D, Korzyński MD, Barnes AB, Copéret C. Solid-State NMR Spectra of Protons and Quadrupolar Nuclei at 28.2 T: Resolving Signatures of Surface Sites with Fast Magic Angle Spinning. JACS AU 2022; 2:2460-2465. [PMID: 36465533 PMCID: PMC9709951 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Advances in solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods and hardware offer expanding opportunities for analysis of materials, interfaces, and surfaces. Here, we demonstrate the application of a very high magnetic field strength of 28.2 T and fast magic-angle-spinning rates (MAS, >40 kHz) to surface species relevant to catalysis. Specifically, we present as case studies the 1D and 2D solid-state NMR spectra of important catalyst and support materials, ranging from a well-defined silica-supported organometallic catalyst to dehydroxylated γ-alumina and zeolite solid acids. The high field and fast-MAS measurement conditions substantially improve spectral resolution and narrow NMR signals, which is particularly beneficial for solid-state 1D and 2D NMR analysis of 1H and quadrupolar nuclei such as 27Al at surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachariah
J. Berkson
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 2, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Snædís Björgvinsdóttir
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 2, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Yakimov
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 2, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Domenico Gioffrè
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 2, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Maciej D. Korzyński
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 2, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Alexander B. Barnes
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 2, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 2, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Rodriguez J, Boudjelel M, Mueller LJ, Schrock RR, Conley MP. Ring Contraction of a Tungstacyclopentane Supported on Silica: Direct Conversion of Ethylene to Propylene. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18761-18765. [PMID: 36197795 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of W(NAr)(13C4H8)(OSiPh3)2 (1) (NAr = 2,6-diisopropylphenylimido) with silica partially dehydroxylated at 700 °C (SiO2-700) is highly dependent on the reaction conditions. The primary product of this reaction is W(NAr)(13C4H8)(OSiPh3)(OSi(O-)3) (2) when the reaction is carried out in the dark. Grafting 1 onto SiO2-700 in ambient lab light results in the formation of 2, W(NAr)(13CH213CH2)(OSiPh3)(OSi(O-)3) (4), and one isomer of square-pyramidal W(NAr)(13CH213CH(13Me)13CH2)(OSiPh3)(OSi(O-)3) (3). Heating 2 to 85 °C for 6 h results in the formation of 3, 4, W(NAr)(13CH(13Me)13CH213CH2)(OSiPh3)(OSi(O-)3) (5), and W(NAr)((13CH2)213CH(13Me)(13CH2)2)(OSiPh3)(OSi(O-)3) (6). Photolysis of 2 with blue LEDs (λmax = 450 nm) produces 4, both isomers of 3, 5, and free ethylene. In the presence of excess ethylene and blue LED irradiation at 85 °C, 1/SiO2-700 catalyzes the direct conversion of ethylene to propylene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Maxime Boudjelel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Leonard J Mueller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Richard R Schrock
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Matthew P Conley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Promoting effect of MoO3/Al2O3 catalysts fluorination on their reactivity in propylene metathesis. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
21
|
Musso JV, De Jesus Silva J, Benedikter MJ, Groos J, Frey W, Copéret C, Buchmeiser MR. Cationic molybdenum oxo alkylidenes stabilized by N-heterocyclic carbenes: from molecular systems to efficient supported metathesis catalysts. Chem Sci 2022; 13:8649-8656. [PMID: 35974748 PMCID: PMC9337747 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03321f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cationic d0 group 6 olefin metathesis catalysts have been recently shown to display in most instances superior activity in comparison to their neutral congeners. Furthermore, their catalytic performance is greatly improved upon immobilization on silica. In this context, we have developed the new family of molecular cationic molybdenum oxo alkylidene complexes stabilized by N-heterocyclic carbenes of the general formula [Mo(O)(CHCMe3)(IMes)(OR)[X-]] (IMes = 1,3-dimesitylimidazol-2-ylidene; R = 1,3-dimesityl-C6H3, C6F5; X- = B(3,5-(CF3)2C6H3)4 -, B(ArF)4, tetrakis(perfluoro-t-butoxy)aluminate (PFTA)). Immobilization of [Mo(O)(CHCMe3)(IMes)(O-1,3-dimesityl-C6H3)+B(ArF)4 -] on silica via surface organometallic chemistry yields an active alkene metathesis catalyst that shows the highest productivity towards terminal olefins amongst all existing molybdenum oxo alkylidene catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janis V Musso
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 D-70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Jordan De Jesus Silva
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Mathis J Benedikter
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 D-70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Jonas Groos
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 D-70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Michael R Buchmeiser
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 D-70569 Stuttgart Germany
- German Institutes of Textile and Fiber Research (DITF) Denkendorf Körschtalstr. 26, 73770 Denkendorf Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Boudjelel M, Riedel R, Schrock RR, Conley MP, Berges AJ, Carta V. Tungstacyclopentane Ring Contraction Yields Olefin Metathesis Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:10929-10942. [PMID: 35675389 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of a solution of the square pyramidal tungstacyclopentane complex W(NAr)(OSiPh3)2(C4H8) (Ar = 2,6-i-Pr2C6H3) to ethylene at 22 °C in ambient (fluorescent) light slowly leads to the formation of propylene and the square pyramidal tungstacyclobutane complex W(NAr)(OSiPh3)2(C3H6). No reaction takes place in the dark, but the reaction is >90% complete in ∼15 min under blue LED light (∼450 nm λmax). The intermediates are proposed to be (first) an α methyl tungstacyclobutane complex (W(NAr)(OSiPh3)2(αMeC3H5)), and then from it, a β methyl version. The TBP versions of each can lose propylene and form a methylene complex, and in the presence of ethylene, the unsubstituted tungstacyclobutane complex W(NAr)(OSiPh3)2(C3H6). The W-Cα bond in an unobservable TBP W(NAr)(OSiPh3)2(C4H8) isomer in which the C4H8 ring is equatorial is proposed to be cleaved homolytically by light. A hydrogen atom moves or is moved from C3 to the terminal C4 carbon in the butyl chain as the bond between W and C3 forms to give the TBP α methyl tungstacyclobutane complex. Essentially, the same behavior is observed for W(NCPh3)(OSiPh3)2(C4H8) as for W(NAr)(OSiPh3)2(C4H8), except that the rate of consumption of W(NCPh3)(OSiPh3)2(C4H8) is about half that of W(NAr)(OSiPh3)2(C4H8). In this case, an α methyl-substituted tungstacyclobutane intermediate is observed, and the overall rate of formation of W(NCPh3)(OSiPh3)2(C3H6) and propylene from W(NCPh3)(OSiPh3)2(C4H8) is ∼20 times slower than in the NAr system. These results constitute the first experimentally documented examples of forming a metallacyclobutane ring from a metallacyclopentane ring (ring contraction) and establish how metathesis-active methylene and metallacyclobutane complexes can be formed and reformed in the presence of ethylene. They also raise the possibility that ambient light could play a role in some metathesis reactions that involve ethylene and tungsten-based imido alkylidene olefin metathesis catalysts, if not others.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Boudjelel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - René Riedel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Richard R Schrock
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Matthew P Conley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Adam J Berges
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Veronica Carta
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bekyarova E, Conley MP. The coordination chemistry of oxide and nanocarbon materials. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:8557-8570. [PMID: 35586978 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00459c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how a ligand affects the steric and electronic properties of a metal is the cornerstone of the inorganic chemistry enterprise. What happens when the ligand is an extended surface? This question is central to the design and implementation of state-of-the-art functional materials containing transition metals. This perspective will describe how these two very different sets of extended surfaces can form well-defined coordination complexes with metals. In the Green formalism, functionalities on oxide surfaces react with inorganics to form species that contain X-type or LX-type interactions between the metal and the oxide. Carbon surfaces are neutral L-type ligands; this perspective focuses on carbons that donate six electrons to a metal. The nature of this interaction depends on the curvature, and thereby orbital overlap, between the metal and the extended π-system from the nanocarbon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bekyarova
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA.
| | - Matthew P Conley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Berkson Z, Bernhardt M, Schlapansky SL, Benedikter MJ, Buchmeiser MR, Price GA, Sunley GJ, Copéret C. Olefin-Surface Interactions: A Key Activity Parameter in Silica-Supported Olefin Metathesis Catalysts. JACS AU 2022; 2:777-786. [PMID: 35373213 PMCID: PMC8969997 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Molecularly defined and classical heterogeneous Mo-based metathesis catalysts are shown to display distinct and unexpected reactivity patterns for the metathesis of long-chain α-olefins at low temperatures (<100 °C). Catalysts based on supported Mo oxo species, whether prepared via wet impregnation or surface organometallic chemistry (SOMC), exhibit strong activity dependencies on the α-olefin chain length, with slower reaction rates for longer substrate chain lengths. In contrast, molecular and supported Mo alkylidenes are highly active and do not display such dramatic dependence on the chain length. State-of-the-art two-dimensional (2D) solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy analyses of postmetathesis catalysts, complemented by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and molecular dynamics calculations, evidence that the activity decrease observed for supported Mo oxo catalysts relates to the strong adsorption of internal olefin metathesis products because of interactions with surface Si-OH groups. Overall, this study shows that in addition to the nature and the number of active sites, the metathesis rates and the overall catalytic performance depend on product desorption, even in the liquid phase with nonpolar substrates. This study further highlights the role of the support and active site composition and dynamics on activity as well as the need for considering adsorption in catalyst design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachariah
J. Berkson
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Moritz Bernhardt
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Simon L. Schlapansky
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Mathis J. Benedikter
- Institute
of Polymer Chemistry, Universität
Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Michael R. Buchmeiser
- Institute
of Polymer Chemistry, Universität
Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Gregory A. Price
- Applied
Sciences, BP Innovation & Engineering, BP plc, Saltend, Hull HU12 8DS, U.K.
| | - Glenn J. Sunley
- Applied
Sciences, BP Innovation & Engineering, BP plc, Saltend, Hull HU12 8DS, U.K.
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Nater D, Boudjelel M, Laetsch L, Schrock RR, Copéret C. W‐oxo Adamantylidenes: Stable Molecular Precursors for Efficient Silica‐Supported Metathesis Catalysts. Helv Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202200013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Darryl Nater
- ETH Zurich: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich D-CHAB SWITZERLAND
| | - Maxime Boudjelel
- UC Riverside: University of California Riverside Chemistry SWITZERLAND
| | - Lukas Laetsch
- ETH Zurich: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich D-CHAB SWITZERLAND
| | | | - Christophe Copéret
- Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10HCI H 229 8093 Zürich SWITZERLAND
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chen HC, Wu Y, Yu Y, Wang P. Pd-Catalyzed Isomerization of Alkenes. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202109045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
27
|
Myradova M, Węgrzynowicz A, Węgrzyniak A, Gierada M, Jodlowski P, Łojewska J, Handzlik J, Michorczyk P. Tuning metathesis performance of molybdenum oxide-based catalyst by silica support acidity modulation and high temperature pretreatment. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy02064a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Molybdenum oxide-based catalysts containing 5 wt. % of Mo obtained by simple impregnation of silica mesoporous support were studied in olefin metathesis reaction at 50 °C. Effect of support modification...
Collapse
|
28
|
Ring-closing metathesis in the synthesis of fused indole structures. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
29
|
Zhizhko PA, Bushkov NS, Pichugov AV, Zarubin DN. Oxo/imido heterometathesis: From molecular stoichiometric studies to well-defined heterogeneous catalysts. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
30
|
Effect of Lewis Acids on the Catalyst Activity for Alkene Metathesis, Z-/E- Selectivity and Stability of Tungsten Oxo Alkylidenes. Top Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-021-01534-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AbstractLewis acids increase the catalytic activity of classical heterogeneous catalysts and molecular d0 tungsten oxo alkylidenes in a variety of olefin metathesis processes. The formation of labile adducts between the metal complex and the Lewis acid has been observed experimentally and suggested to be involved in the catalyst activity increase. In this contribution, DFT (M06) calculations have been performed to determine the role of Lewis acids on catalyst activity, Z-/E- selectivity and stability by comparing three W(E)(CHR)(2,5-dimethylpyrrolide)(O-2,6-dimesithylphenoxide) (E = oxo, imido or oxo-Lewis acid adduct) alkylidenes. Results show that the formation of the alkylidene—Lewis acid adducts influences the reactivity of tungsten oxo alkylidenes due to both steric and electronic effects. The addition of the Lewis acid on the E group increases its bulkiness and this decreases catalyst Z-selectivity. Moreover, the interaction between the oxo ligand and the Lewis acid decreases the donating ability of the former toward the metal. This is important when the oxo group has either a ligand in trans or in the same plane that is competing for the same metal d orbitals. Therefore, the weakening of oxo donating ability facilitates the cycloaddition and cycloreversion steps and it stabilizes the productive trigonal bipyramid metallacyclobutane isomer. The two factors increase the catalytic activity of the complex. The electron donating tuneability by the coordination of the Lewis acid also applies to catalyst deactivation and particularly the key β-hydride elimination step. In this process, the transition states show a ligand in pseudo trans to the oxo. Therefore, the presence of the Lewis acid decreases the Gibbs energy barrier significantly. Overall, the optimization of the E group donating ability in each step of the reaction makes tungsten oxo alkylidenes more reactive and this applies both for the catalytic activity and catalyst deactivation.
Collapse
|
31
|
Handzlik J, Kurleto K, Gierada M. Computational Insights into Active Site Formation during Alkene Metathesis over a MoO x/SiO 2 Catalyst: The Role of Surface Silanols. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Handzlik
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, Kraków 31-155, Poland
| | - Kamil Kurleto
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, Kraków 31-155, Poland
| | - Maciej Gierada
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, Kraków 31-155, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Liu S, Boudjelel M, Schrock RR, Conley MP, Tsay C. Interconversion of Molybdenum or Tungsten d 2 Styrene Complexes with d 0 1-Phenethylidene Analogues. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:17209-17218. [PMID: 34633807 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Upon addition of 5-15% PhNMe2H+X- (X = B(3,5-(CF3)2C6H3)4 or B(C6F5)4) to Mo(NAr)(styrene)(OSiPh3)2 (Ar = N-2,6-i-Pr2C6H3) in C6D6 an equilibrium mixture of Mo(NAr)(styrene)(OSiPh3)2 and Mo(NAr)(CMePh)(OSiPh3)2 is formed over 36 h at 45 °C (Keq = 0.36). A plausible intermediate in the interconversion of the styrene and 1-phenethylidene complexes is the 1-phenethyl cation, [Mo(NAr)(CHMePh)(OSiPh3)2]+, which can be generated using [(Et2O)2H][B(C6F5)4] as the acid. The interconversion can be modeled as two equilibria involving protonation of Mo(NAr)(styrene)(OSiPh3)2 or Mo(NAr)(CMePh)(OSiPh3)2 and deprotonation of the α or β phenethyl carbon atom in [Mo(NAr)(CHMePh)(OSiPh3)2]+. The ratio of the rate of deprotonation of [Mo(NAr)(CHMePh)(OSiPh3)2]+ by PhNMe2 in the α position versus the β position is ∼10, or ∼30 per Hβ. The slow step is protonation of Mo(NAr)(styrene)(OSiPh3)2 (k1 = 0.158(4) L/(mol·min)). Proton sources such as (CF3)3COH or Ph3SiOH do not catalyze the interconversion of Mo(NAr)(styrene)(OSiPh3)2 and Mo(NAr)(CMePh)(OSiPh3)2, while the reaction of Mo(NAr)(styrene)(OSiPh3)2 with pyridinium salts generates only a trace (∼2%) of Mo(NAr)(CMePh)(OSiPh3)2 and forms a monopyridine adduct, [Mo(NAr)(CHMePh)(OSiPh3)2(py)]+ (two diastereomers). The structure of [Mo(NAr)(CHMePh)(OSiPh3)2]+ has been confirmed in an X-ray study; there is no structural indication that a β proton is activated through a CHβ interaction with the metal. W(NAr)(CMePh)(OSiPh3)2 is also converted into a mixture of W(NAr)(CMePh)(OSiPh3)2 and W(NAr)(styrene)(OSiPh3)2 (Keq = 0.47 at 45 °C in favor of the styrene complex) with 10% [PhNMe2H][B(C6F5)4] as the catalyst; the time required to reach equilibrium is approximately the same as in the Mo system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumeng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Maxime Boudjelel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Richard R Schrock
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Matthew P Conley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Charlene Tsay
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Monai M, Gambino M, Wannakao S, Weckhuysen BM. Propane to olefins tandem catalysis: a selective route towards light olefins production. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:11503-11529. [PMID: 34661210 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00357g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
On-purpose synthetic routes for propylene production have emerged in the last couple of decades in response to the increasing demand for plastics and a shift to shale gas feedstocks for ethylene production. Propane dehydrogenation (PDH), an efficient and selective route to produce propylene, saw booming investments to fill the so-called propylene gap. In the coming years, however, a fluctuating light olefins market will call for flexibility in end-product of PDH plants. This can be achieved by combining PDH with propylene metathesis in a single step, propane to olefins (PTO), which allows production of mixtures of propylene, ethylene and butenes, which are important chemical building blocks for a.o. thermoplastics. The metathesis technology introduced by Phillips in the 1960s and mostly operated in reverse to produce propylene, is thus undergoing a renaissance of scientific and technological interest in the context of the PTO reaction. In this review, we will describe the state-of-the-art of PDH, propylene metathesis and PTO reactions, highlighting the open challenges and opportunities in the field. While the separate PDH and metathesis reactions have been extensively studied in the literature, understanding the whole PTO tandem-catalysis system will require new efforts in theoretical modelling and operando spectroscopy experiments, to gain mechanistic insights into the combined reactions and finally improve catalytic selectivity and stability for on-purpose olefins production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Monai
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Marianna Gambino
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Sippakorn Wannakao
- SCG Chemicals Co., Ltd, 1 Siam-Cement Rd, Bang sue, Bangkok 1080, Thailand
| | - Bert M Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Li J, Liu H, Zhu H, Yao W, Wang D. Highly Efficient and Recyclable Porous Organic Polymer Supported Iridium Catalysts for Dehydrogenation and Borrowing Hydrogen Reactions in Water. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Li
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids Ministry of Education School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 Jiangsu Province P. R. China
| | - Hongqiang Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids Ministry of Education School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 Jiangsu Province P. R. China
- China Synchem Technology Co., Ltd. Bengbu Anhui 233000 P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids Ministry of Education School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 Jiangsu Province P. R. China
| | - Wei Yao
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids Ministry of Education School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 Jiangsu Province P. R. China
| | - Dawei Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids Ministry of Education School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 Jiangsu Province P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
|
36
|
Nater DF, Paul B, Lätsch L, Schrock RR, Copéret C. Increasing Olefin Metathesis Activity of Silica‐Supported Molybdenum Imido Adamantylidene Complexes through E Ligand σ‐Donation. Helv Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202100151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Darryl F. Nater
- ETH Zurich Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zurich Vladimir Prelog Weg 1–5 CH-8093 Zurich
| | - Bhaskar Paul
- University of California Riverside Department of Chemistry Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Lukas Lätsch
- ETH Zurich Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zurich Vladimir Prelog Weg 1–5 CH-8093 Zurich
| | - Richard R. Schrock
- University of California Riverside Department of Chemistry Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Christophe Copéret
- ETH Zurich Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zurich Vladimir Prelog Weg 1–5 CH-8093 Zurich
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Motokura K, Ding S, Usui K, Kong Y. Enhanced Catalysis Based on the Surface Environment of the Silica-Supported Metal Complex. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Motokura
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Siming Ding
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Kei Usui
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Yuanyuan Kong
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Belov DS, Fenoll DA, Chakraborty I, Solans-Monfort X, Bukhryakov KV. Synthesis of Vanadium Oxo Alkylidene Complex and Its Reactivity in Ring-Closing Olefin Metathesis Reactions. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry S. Belov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Didac A. Fenoll
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Indranil Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | | | - Konstantin V. Bukhryakov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| |
Collapse
|