1
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Wu HL, Zhang MY, Zhou T, Zhang LP, Qi QY, Yang GY, Yang B, Li ZT. Six-Cyclic Crown Ether-Type Pillar[5]Arene: Enhanced Binding Ability to Bispyridinium Derivatives. Chem Asian J 2024:e202400554. [PMID: 38956446 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
A six-cyclic crown ether-type pillar[5]arene was synthesized, and the five ethylene oxide loops were located outside the cavity and not affected by temperature changes which was confirmed by variable-temperature NMR experiment in DMSO-d6 and CDCl3 and 2D 1H-1H NOESY experiment in CDCl3. The six-cyclic pillar[5]-crown also showed greater binding ability of host-guest with bis(pyridinium) derivatives than conventional alkoxy pillar[5]arenes that illustrated through 1H NMR titration spectroscopic experiment in acetone-d6/CDCl3 (1 : 1) and UV-vis titration experiments in CHCl3 at room temperature. The five benzocrown ethers at the periphery were able to bind metal cations by 1H NMR titration spectroscopic experiment in CD2Cl2/methanol-d4(9 : 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Li Wu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University Department, 100 Kexue Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Meng-Yang Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University Department, 100 Kexue Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University Department, 100 Kexue Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Le-Ping Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University Department, 100 Kexue Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Qiao-Yan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Guan-Yu Yang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University Department, 100 Kexue Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Bo Yang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University Department, 100 Kexue Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhan-Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
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2
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Wang T, Wang Z, Xing P, Hao A. Thermal Chiroptical Switch Based on an Ultrahigh Temperature-Initiated Macrocycle Gel Platform. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400316. [PMID: 38825873 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Responsive chiral optical materials have gained considerable interests from the fields of sensing, display, and optical devices. Materials that are capable of changing chiral optics under harsh conditions such as strong basic/acidic or ultrahigh temperature provides thoughts for the design of materials working at special environments, which however, are still underdeveloped. Here, a proof-of-concept design of organogel is reported that acts as matrices for thermal chiroptical switch with critical working temperature above 100 °C. The reversible solution-to-gel transition of the specific β-cyclodextrin/dimethyl formide/LiCl system is initialized at about 130 °C, when the luminophores with aggregation-induced-emission property shall be lighted up with transferred chirality from inherent chiral β-cyclodextrin. It allows for the controlled emergence of circularly polarized luminescence. This delicate design enables successful fabrication of ultrahigh temperature thermal chiroptical switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Zhuoer Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Pengyao Xing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Aiyou Hao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
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3
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Ling L, Zhao Z, Mao L, Wang S, Ma D. Water-soluble pillar[6]arene bearing pyrene on alternating methylene bridges for direct spermine sensing. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:14161-14164. [PMID: 37955311 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05094g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the design and synthesis of a conjugate, which is composed of a percarboxylated water-soluble pillar[6]arene and three fluorescent pyrene chromophores on alternating methylene bridges. The optical characteristics are investigated. This conjugate is capable of encapsulating polycationic guest spermine, which results in an enhancement in the fluorescence intensity of pyrene. This host-pyrene conjugate is used for direct sensing of spermine, which shows selectivity towards a variety of biological analytes. The detection of spermine is demonstrated in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ling
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Institute of Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Road, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, China.
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zizhen Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Lijun Mao
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Institute of Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Road, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, China.
| | - Shuyi Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Institute of Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Road, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, China.
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Da Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Institute of Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Road, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, China.
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4
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Kato K, Fa S, Ogoshi T. Alignment and Dynamic Inversion of Planar Chirality in Pillar[n]arenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308316. [PMID: 37518814 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Pillar[n]arenes are symmetrical macrocyclic compounds composed of benzene panels with para-methylene linkages. Each panel usually exhibits planar chirality and prefers chirality-aligned states. Because of this feature, pillar[n]arenes are attractive scaffolds for chiroptical materials that are easy to prepare and optically resolve and show intense circular dichroism (CD) signals. In addition, rotation of the panels endows the chirality of pillar[n]arenes with a dynamic nature. The chirality in tubular oligomers and supramolecular assemblies sometimes show time- and procedure-dependent alignment phenomena. Furthermore, the CD signals of some pillar[n]arenes respond to the addition of chiral guests when their dynamic chirality is coupled with host-guest properties. By using diastereomeric pillar[n]arenes with additional chiral structures, the response can also be caused by achiral guests and changes of the environment, providing molecular sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kato
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shixin Fa
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Tomoki Ogoshi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
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5
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Zhao T, Wu W, Yang C. Chiroptical regulation of macrocyclic arenes with flipping-induced inversion of planar chirality. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11469-11483. [PMID: 37691554 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03829g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Studies on various macrocyclic arenes have received increasing attention due to their straightforward syntheses, convenient derivatization, and unique complexation properties. Represented by pillar[n]arenes, several distinctive macrocyclic arenes have recently emerged with the following characteristics: they possess a pair of enantiomeric planar chiral conformations, and interconversion between these enantiomeric conformations can be achieved through the flipping of ring units. Complexation of a chiral guest with these macrocyclic arenes will lead to a shift of the equilibrium between the Rp and Sp conformers, leading to intriguing possibilities for chiral induction and sensing. By the introduction of bulky substituents on the rims, employing rotaxanation or pseudocatenation, planar chirality could be locked, enabling the enantiomeric separation of the chiral structures. The induced or separated chiral conformers/compounds exhibit significant chiroptical properties. These macrocyclic arenes, with flipping-induced inversion of planar chirality, demonstrated intriguing chiral induction dynamics and kinetics. In this featured review, we systematically summarize the progress in chiroptical induction/regulation of these macrocyclic arenes, particularly in the fields of chiral sensing, molecular machines, molecular recognition, and assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Institution, Sichuan University Chengdu, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Wanhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Institution, Sichuan University Chengdu, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Cheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Institution, Sichuan University Chengdu, Chengdu 610064, China.
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6
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Cation controlled rotation in anionic pillar[5]arenes and its application for fluorescence switch. Nat Commun 2023; 14:590. [PMID: 36737437 PMCID: PMC9898256 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36131-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling molecular motion is one of hot topics in the field of chemistry. Molecular rotors have wide applications in building nanomachines and functional materials, due to their controllable rotations. Hence, the development of novel rotor systems, controlled by external stimuli, is desirable. Pillar[n]arenes, a class of macrocycles, have a unique planar chirality, in which two stable conformational isomers pR and pS would interconvert by oxygen-through-the-annulus rotations of their hydroquinone rings. We observe the differential kinetic traits of planar chirality transformation in sodium carboxylate pillar[5]arene (WP5-Na) and ammonium carboxylate pillar[5]arene (WP5-NH4), which inspire us to construct a promising rotary platform in anionic pillar[5]arenes (WP5) skeletons. Herein, we demonstrate the non-negligible effect of counter cations on rotational barriers of hydroquinone rings in WP5, which enables a cation grease/brake rotor system. Applications of this tunable rotor system as fluorescence switch and anti-counterfeiting ink are further explored.
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7
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Mizuno H, Fukuhara G. Solution-State Hydrostatic Pressure Chemistry: Application to Molecular, Supramolecular, Polymer, and Biological Systems. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:1748-1762. [PMID: 35657708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusPressure (P), as one of the most inherent state quantities, has become an academic subject of study and has attracted attention for a long time for the minute control of reaction equilibria and rates, not only in the gas phase, based on the gas state equation, but also in the solution state. In the latter case, the pressure applied to the solutions is classified as hydrostatic pressure, which is a type of isotropic mechanical force. For instance, deep-sea organisms are exposed to hydrostatic pressure environments of up to 100 MPa, implying that hydrostatic pressurization plays a role in homeostatic functions at physiological levels. The pressure control of such complicated biological behavior can be addressed by thermodynamics or kinetics. In fact, the spontaneity (ΔG) of a reaction that is governed by weak interactions (approximately 10 kcal/mol), such as electrostatic, van der Waals, hydrophobic, hydrogen bonding, and π-π stacking, is determined by the exquisite balance of enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy changes (ΔS), in accordance with the fundamental thermodynamic equation ΔG = ΔH - TΔS. The mutually correlated ΔH-ΔS relationship is known as the enthalpy-entropy compensation law, in which a more negative enthalpic change (more exothermic) causes further entropic loss based on a more negative entropy change. Namely, changing the temperature (T) as the state quantity, except for P, is highly likely to be equal to controlling the entropy term. The solution-state entropy term is relatively vague, mainly based on solvation, and thus unpredictable, even using high-cost quantum mechanical calculations because of the vast number of solvation molecules. Hence, such entropy control is not always feasible and must be demonstrated on a trial-and-error basis. Furthermore, the above-mentioned equation can be rearranged as ΔG = ΔF + PΔV, enabling us to control solution-state reactions by simply changing P as hydrostatic pressure based on the volume change (ΔV). The volume term is strongly relevant to conformational changes, solvation changes, and molecular recognition upon complexation and thus is relatively predictable, that is, volumetrically compact or not, compared to the complicated entropy term. These extrathermodynamic and kinetic observations prompted us to use hydrostatic pressure as a controlling factor over a long period. Hydrostatic pressure chemistry in the solution phase has developed over the past six decades and then converged and passed the fields of mechanochemistry and mechanobiology, which are new but challenging and current hot topics in multidisciplinary science. In this Account, we fully summarize our achievements in solution-state hydrostatic pressure chemistry for smart/functional molecular, supramolecular, polymer, and biological systems. We hope that the phenomena, mechanistic outcomes, and methodologies that we introduced herein for hydrostatic-pressure-controlling dynamics can provide guidance for both theoretical and experimental chemists working in supramolecular and (bio)macromolecular chemistry, mechanoscience, materials science, and technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Mizuno
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Gaku Fukuhara
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
- JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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8
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Gao F, Yu X, Liu L, Chen J, Lv Y, Zhao T, Ji J, Yao J, Wu W, Yang C. Chiroptical switching of molecular universal joint triggered by complexation/release of a cation: A stepwise synergistic complexation. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.05.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Kato K, Fa S, Ohtani S, Shi TH, Brouwer AM, Ogoshi T. Noncovalently bound and mechanically interlocked systems using pillar[ n]arenes. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:3648-3687. [PMID: 35445234 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00169a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pillar[n]arenes are pillar-shaped macrocyclic compounds owing to the methylene bridges linking the para-positions of the units. Owing to their unique pillar-shaped structures, these compounds exhibit various excellent properties compared with other cyclic host molecules, such as versatile functionality using various organic synthesis techniques, substituent-dependent solubility, cavity-size-dependent host-guest properties in organic media, and unit rotation along with planar chiral inversion. These advantages have enabled the high-yield synthesis and rational design of pillar[n]arene-based mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs). In particular, new types of pillar[n]arene-based MIMs that can dynamically convert between interlocked and unlocked states through unit rotation have been produced. The highly symmetrical pillar-shaped structures of pillar[n]arenes result in simple NMR spectra, which are useful for studying the motion of pillar[n]arene wheels in MIMs and creating sophisticated MIMs with higher-order structures. The creation and application of polymeric MIMs based on pillar[n]arenes is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kato
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Shixin Fa
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Shunsuke Ohtani
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Tan-Hao Shi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Albert M Brouwer
- van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94157, 1090 GD Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Tomoki Ogoshi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan. .,WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
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10
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Kinoshita T, Fujise K, Tsurumaki E, Toyota S, Fukuhara G. A pressure-induced ratiometric signalling chemosensor: a case of helical anthracenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3290-3293. [PMID: 35175268 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00428c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
One of the helical anthracenes, [4]HA, in which two fused anthracene ends are spatially arranged top and bottom, exhibits a ratiometric fluorescence response due to the hydrostatic pressure-dependent intramolecular [4+4] photocyclodimerization. This ratiometric signalling comes from the formation of an intramolecular stacked species and its subsequent photoreaction upon hydrostatic pressurization. The ratiometric indexes as a function of hydrostatic pressure may enable us to quantify an unknown pressure in solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Kinoshita
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
| | - Kei Fujise
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
| | - Eiji Tsurumaki
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
| | - Shinji Toyota
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
| | - Gaku Fukuhara
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
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11
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He J, Yu M, Pang M, Fan Y, Lian Z, Wang Y, Wang W, Liu Y, Jiang H. Nanosized Carbon Macrocycles Based on a Planar Chiral Pseudo Meta- [2.2]Paracyclophane. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103832. [PMID: 34962000 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Structural designs combining cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) backbone with planar chiral [2.2]Paracyclophane ([2.2]PCP) lead to optical-active chiral macrocycles with intriguing properties. X-ray crystal analysis revealed aesthetic necklace-shaped structures and size-dependent packages with long-range channels. The macrocycles exhibit unique photophysical properties with high fluorescence quantum yield of up to 82%, and the fluorescent color varies with ring size. In addition, size-dependent chiroptical properties with moderately large CPL dissymmetry factor of 10 -3 and CPL brightness in the range of 30 - 40 M -1 cm -1 were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing He
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Mohan Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, P. R. China
| | - Maofu Pang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 252100, P. R. China
| | - Yanqing Fan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Lian
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Wenguang Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Yajun Liu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Hua Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
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12
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Shi C, Li H, Shi X, Zhao L, Qiu H. Chiral pillar[n]arenes: Conformation inversion, material preparation and applications. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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13
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Sahoo D, Benny R, Ks NK, De S. Stimuli-Responsive Chiroptical Switching. Chempluschem 2021; 87:e202100322. [PMID: 34694736 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
"Chirality" governs many fundamental properties in chemistry and biochemistry. While early investigations on stereochemistry are primarily dedicated to static chirality, there is an increasing interest in the field of dynamic chirality (chiral switches). These chiral switches are essential in controlling the directionality in molecular motors. Dynamic chiralities are equally crucial in switchable stereoselectivity, switchable asymmetric catalysis and enantioselective separation. Herein, we limit our discussion to recent advances on stimuli-induced chiroptical switching of axial, helical, and planar chirality in response to external stimuli. We also discuss a few examples of applications of the switchable chirality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diptiprava Sahoo
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and, Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India
| | - Renitta Benny
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and, Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India
| | - Nithish Kumar Ks
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and, Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India
| | - Soumen De
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and, Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India
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14
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Abstract
The construction of chemical sensors that can distinguish molecular chirality has attracted increasing attention in recent years due to the significance of chiral organic molecules and the importance of detecting their absolute configuration and chiroptical purity. The supramolecular chirality sensing strategy has shown promising potential due to its advantages of high throughput, sensitivity, and fast chirality detection. This review focuses on chirality sensors based on macrocyclic compounds. Macrocyclic chirality sensors usually have inherent complexing ability towards certain chiral guests, which combined with the signal output components, could offer many unique advantages/properties compared to traditional chiral sensors. Chirality sensing based on macrocyclic sensors has shown rapid progress in recent years. This review summarizes recent advances in chirality sensing based on both achiral and chiral macrocyclic compounds, especially newly emerged macrocyclic molecules.
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15
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Chen JF, Ding JD, Wei TB. Pillararenes: fascinating planar chiral macrocyclic arenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:9029-9039. [PMID: 34498646 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03778a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chiral macrocycles possess significant value in chiral science and supramolecular chemistry. Pillararenes, as a class of relatively young supramolecular macrocyclic hosts, have been widely used for host-guest recognition and self-assembly. Since the position of substituents on the benzene rings breaks the molecular symmetry (symmetric plane and symmetric center), pillararenes possess planar chirality. However, it is a great challenge to synthesize stable and resolvable enantiomers because of the easy rotation of the phenylene group. In this review, we summarize the construction methods of resolvable chiral pillararenes. We also focus on their applications in enantioselective recognition, chiral switches, chirality sensing, asymmetric catalysis, circularly polarized luminescence, metal-organic frameworks, and highly permeable membranes. Finally, we discuss the future research perspectives in this field of pillararene-based planar chiral materials. We hope that this review will encourage more researchers to work in this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Fa Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Jin-Dong Ding
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of National Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Tai-Bao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, P. R. China.
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16
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Liu C, Yu Z, Yao J, Ji J, Zhao T, Wu W, Yang C. Solvent-Driven Chirality Switching of a Pillar[4]arene[1]quinone Having a Chiral Amine-Substituted Quinone Subunit. Front Chem 2021; 9:713305. [PMID: 34307304 PMCID: PMC8293272 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.713305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several new chiral pillar[4]arene[1]quinone derivatives were synthesized by reacting pillar[4]arene[1]quinone (EtP4Q1), containing four 1,4-diethoxybenzene units and one benzoquinone unit, with various chiral amines via Michael addition. Due to the direct introduction of chiral substituents on the rim of pillar[n]arene and the close location of the chiral center to the rim of EtP4Q1, the newly prepared compounds showed unique chiroptical properties without complicated chiral resolution processes, and unprecedented high anisotropy factor of up to −0.018 at the charge transfer absorption band was observed. Intriguingly, the benzene sidearm attached pillar[4]arene[1]quinone derivative 1a showed solvent- and complexation-driven chirality inversion. This work provides a promising potential for absolute asymmetric synthesis of pillararene-based derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhipeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiabin Yao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiecheng Ji
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wanhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Kinoshita T, Imai Y, Fukuhara G. Hydrostatic Pressure-Controllable Chiroptical Properties of Chiral Perylene Bisimide Dyes: A Chiral Aggregation Case. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:5952-5958. [PMID: 34032446 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c02112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrostatically pressurized spectroscopic and lifetime decay analyses of optically active perylene bisimides were demonstrated in the pressure range of 0.1-320 MPa to show a π-stacked aggregation. The hydrostatic pressure-induced excitation and circular dichroism spectral changes of the fluorescence perylene dye enabled us to differentiate the slight pressure-sensitive aggregates. This work will lead to a new strategy for creating a pressure-responsive supramolecular polymerization material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Kinoshita
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Yoshitane Imai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Gaku Fukuhara
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.,JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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