1
|
Bhadwal N, Ben Mrad R, Behdinan K. Review of Piezoelectric Properties and Power Output of PVDF and Copolymer-Based Piezoelectric Nanogenerators. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:3170. [PMID: 38133067 PMCID: PMC10745407 DOI: 10.3390/nano13243170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The highest energy conversion efficiencies are typically shown by lead-containing piezoelectric materials, but the harmful environmental impacts of lead and its toxicity limit future use. At the bulk scale, lead-based piezoelectric materials have significantly higher piezoelectric properties when compared to lead-free piezoelectric materials. However, at the nanoscale, the piezoelectric properties of lead-free piezoelectric material can be significantly larger than the bulk scale. The piezoelectric properties of Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (PVDF-TrFE) lead-free piezoelectric nanomaterials are reviewed and their suitability for use in piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) is determined. The impact of different PVDF/PVDF-TrFE composite structures on power output is explained. Strategies to improve the power output are given. Overall, this review finds that PVDF/PVDF-TrFE can have significantly increased piezoelectric properties at the nanoscale. However, these values are still lower than lead-free ceramics at the nanoscale. If the sole goal in developing a lead-free PENG is to maximize output power, lead-free ceramics at the nanoscale should be considered. However, lead-free ceramics are brittle, and thus encapsulation of lead-free ceramics in PVDF is a way to increase the flexibility of these PENGs. PVDF/PVDF-TrFE offers the advantage of being nontoxic and biocompatible, which is useful for many applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ridha Ben Mrad
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada; (N.B.); (K.B.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang M, Liu C, Li B, Shen Y, Wang H, Ji K, Mao X, Wei L, Sun R, Zhou F. Electrospun PVDF-based piezoelectric nanofibers: materials, structures, and applications. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:1043-1059. [PMID: 36798499 PMCID: PMC9926905 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00773h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) has been considered as a promising piezoelectric material for advanced sensing and energy storage systems because of its high dielectric constant and good electroactive response. Electrospinning is a straightforward, low cost, and scalable technology that can be used to create PVDF-based nanofibers with outstanding piezoelectric characteristics. Herein, we summarize the state-of-the-art progress on the use of filler doping and structural design to enhance the output performance of electrospun PVDF-based piezoelectric fiber films. We divide the fillers into single filler and double fillers and make comments on the effects of various dopant materials on the performance and the underlying mechanism of the PVDF-based piezoelectric fiber film. The effects of highly oriented structures, core-shell structures, and multilayer composite structures on the output properties of PVDF-based piezoelectric nanofibers are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the perspectives and opportunities for PVDF piezoelectric nanofibers in the fields of health care, environmental monitoring, and energy collection are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Zhang
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University Xi'an 710048 China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product of the Ministry of Education, Xi'an Polytechnic University Xi'an 710048 China
- Shaanxi College Engineering Research Center of Functional Micro/Nano Textile Materials, Xi'an Polytechnic University Xi'an 710048 China
| | - Chengkun Liu
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University Xi'an 710048 China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product of the Ministry of Education, Xi'an Polytechnic University Xi'an 710048 China
- Shaanxi College Engineering Research Center of Functional Micro/Nano Textile Materials, Xi'an Polytechnic University Xi'an 710048 China
| | - Boyu Li
- Research Institute of Textile and Clothing Industries, Zhongyuan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450007 China
| | - Yutong Shen
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University Xi'an 710048 China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product of the Ministry of Education, Xi'an Polytechnic University Xi'an 710048 China
- Shaanxi College Engineering Research Center of Functional Micro/Nano Textile Materials, Xi'an Polytechnic University Xi'an 710048 China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University Xi'an 710048 China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product of the Ministry of Education, Xi'an Polytechnic University Xi'an 710048 China
- Shaanxi College Engineering Research Center of Functional Micro/Nano Textile Materials, Xi'an Polytechnic University Xi'an 710048 China
| | - Keyu Ji
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University Xi'an 710048 China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product of the Ministry of Education, Xi'an Polytechnic University Xi'an 710048 China
- Shaanxi College Engineering Research Center of Functional Micro/Nano Textile Materials, Xi'an Polytechnic University Xi'an 710048 China
| | - Xue Mao
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University Xi'an 710048 China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product of the Ministry of Education, Xi'an Polytechnic University Xi'an 710048 China
- Shaanxi College Engineering Research Center of Functional Micro/Nano Textile Materials, Xi'an Polytechnic University Xi'an 710048 China
| | - Liang Wei
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University Xi'an 710048 China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product of the Ministry of Education, Xi'an Polytechnic University Xi'an 710048 China
- Shaanxi College Engineering Research Center of Functional Micro/Nano Textile Materials, Xi'an Polytechnic University Xi'an 710048 China
| | - Runjun Sun
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University Xi'an 710048 China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product of the Ministry of Education, Xi'an Polytechnic University Xi'an 710048 China
- Shaanxi College Engineering Research Center of Functional Micro/Nano Textile Materials, Xi'an Polytechnic University Xi'an 710048 China
| | - Fenglei Zhou
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London London WC1E 6BT UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang C, Lu J, Liu C, Zou Y, Yuan L, Wang J, Yu C. ZnO nanoparticles embedded in hollow carbon fiber membrane for electrochemical H 2O 2 production by two-electron water oxidation reaction. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 206:112290. [PMID: 34717949 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical two-electron water oxidation reaction (2e-WOR) provides a promising alternative route for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production, where the design of earth abundant and environmentally friendly electrocatalysts with both high selectivity and production rate is crucial. Here we report the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles embedded in hollow carbon fiber membrane as efficient 2e-WOR electrocatalyst by a metal-organic framework engaged electrospinning-pyrolysis method. The resultant ZnO@carbon composite fiber exhibits a foam-like hierarchical structure composed of interconnected hollow carbon nanocubes encapsulated with oxygen vacancy rich ZnO nanocrystals. Owing to the improved selectivity of ZnO, excellent conductivity of carbon fiber, promoted active site exposure and mass transfer of hollow structure, the free-standing membrane electrode shows superior 2e-WOR performances with high selectivity (83.8% at 2.8 V vs. RHE), H2O2 generation rate (19.7 μmol cm-2 min-1) and robust stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Jingyi Lu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Chao Liu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, PR China.
| | - Yingying Zou
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Ling Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Chengzhong Yu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, PR China; Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ekbote GS, Khalifa M, Mahendran A, Anandhan S. Cationic surfactant assisted enhancement of dielectric and piezoelectric properties of PVDF nanofibers for energy harvesting application. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:2215-2222. [PMID: 33464271 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01943g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is among the most versatile polymers due to its wide range of properties, including dielectric, piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties. However, more frequently than not a range of processing routes and/or additives have been used to enhance such properties. In this study, PVDF nanofibers were electrospun from PVDF solution that contained tetra-n-butyl ammonium chloride (TBAC) at different loadings (1, 2, 3, and 5 wt%). The effect of TBAC on the morphology, crystallinity, and polymorphism of PVDF was studied using various characterization techniques. Addition of TBAC significantly improved the electroactive β-phase of PVDF. The highest β-phase content of 89% was attained at a TBAC loading of 3 wt%. Consequently, the dielectric and piezoelectric properties of the PVDF nanofibers improved significantly. A nanogenerator fabricated using 3 wt% TBAC/PVDF nanofibers exhibited the maximum voltage output of 17.2 V (under 5 N force) and the maximum power density of ∼1.4 μW cm-2 (under 3 N force). Improved dielectric and piezoelectric properties of PVDF upon the addition of a small amount of TBAC could be useful for researchers in upbringing the material for flexible electronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Govind S Ekbote
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Srinivas Nagar, Mangaluru 575025, India.
| | - Mohammed Khalifa
- Kompetenzzentrum Holz GmbH, W3C, A-9300 St. Veit/Glan, Klagenfurter Strasse 87-89, Linz, Austria
| | - Arunjunairaj Mahendran
- Kompetenzzentrum Holz GmbH, W3C, A-9300 St. Veit/Glan, Klagenfurter Strasse 87-89, Linz, Austria
| | - S Anandhan
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Srinivas Nagar, Mangaluru 575025, India.
| |
Collapse
|