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Yao M, Cao G, Liu S, Ding X, Liu J. Axisymmetric Compression of a Circular Particle Raft Driven by the Diffusion of Surfactant. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:8911-8920. [PMID: 38624033 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Particle rafts are a new kind of soft matter formed by self-organization on the interface, which possesses mechanical properties between fluid and solid, and they have been widely used in many industrial fields. In the present study, the compression experiment of a circular particle raft is first performed, where an SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate)-coated metal ring is placed around its periphery. When the surfactant diffuses, the particle raft shrinks, and its shrinkage ratio increases with the increase in the surfactant concentration, where the experimental results are consistent with the numerical simulation. Next, the relationship between the initial surface tension difference of SDS and the radius shrinkage of the particle raft is obtained by dimensional analysis. In what follows, the diffusion model is built to quantify the diffusion process of SDS at the liquid-gas interface, and then the analytical concentration solution of the concentration of SDS at the periphery of particle raft is given. The particle raft is viewed as an elastic circular plate under the action of the radial pressure, which originates from the surface tension difference, which has been verified by the experimental result. These explorations cast a new light on how to apply loads to measure mechanical properties of soft matter, which also provide some inspirations on the design of microsensors and microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yao
- College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Gongqi Cao
- College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Shiyang Liu
- College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Ding
- College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Jianlin Liu
- College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
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Xiao H, Zhang G, Yang E, Ivancic R, Ridout S, Riggleman R, Durian DJ, Liu AJ. Identifying microscopic factors that influence ductility in disordered solids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2307552120. [PMID: 37812709 PMCID: PMC10589640 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307552120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
There are empirical strategies for tuning the degree of strain localization in disordered solids, but they are system-specific and no theoretical framework explains their effectiveness or limitations. Here, we study three model disordered solids: a simulated atomic glass, an experimental granular packing, and a simulated polymer glass. We tune each system using a different strategy to exhibit two different degrees of strain localization. In tandem, we construct structuro-elastoplastic (StEP) models, which reduce descriptions of the systems to a few microscopic features that control strain localization, using a machine learning-based descriptor, softness, to represent the stability of the disordered local structure. The models are based on calculated correlations of softness and rearrangements. Without additional parameters, the models exhibit semiquantitative agreement with observed stress-strain curves and softness statistics for all systems studied. Moreover, the StEP models reveal that initial structure, the near-field effect of rearrangements on local structure, and rearrangement size, respectively, are responsible for the changes in ductility observed in the three systems. Thus, StEP models provide microscopic understanding of how strain localization depends on the interplay of structure, plasticity, and elasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Xiao
- Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute for Multiscale Simulation, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen91058, Germany
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong999077, China
| | - Entao Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Robert Ivancic
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD20899
| | - Sean Ridout
- Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA30322
| | - Robert Riggleman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Douglas J. Durian
- Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, Simons Foundation, New York, NY10010
| | - Andrea J. Liu
- Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, Simons Foundation, New York, NY10010
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Yao M, Zuo P, Cao G, Liu J. Configuration Evolution of a Particle Raft with a Preprepared Crack Driven by the Diffusion of a Surfactant. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:12774-12784. [PMID: 37639218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the morphology evolution of a particle raft with a preprepared crack, which is caused by injecting the surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) into water, is demonstrated. Experimental results on the process of crack closure and configuration evolution are captured and are in excellent agreement with the numerical simulations. Then a surface diffusion model on SDS is proposed to quantify the detailed physical scenario. The surface diffusion factor is determined through the shooting method based on the experimental result of dynamic surface tension. As a result, the analytical solution for the SDS concentration distribution is given. The theoretical result on the dependence relationship between the profile shrinkage ratio and the time variable is consistent with the experimental result. At last, the relation between the initial surface tension difference of SDS and the profile shrinkage ratio is obtained in the light of experiments and dimensional analysis, and the two results are very close. These analyses provide a comprehensive understanding of the coupling between chemicals and mechanical behaviors of soft matter, and the modulation of defects in the particle raft provides some inspiration for engineering new devices at the microscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yao
- College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Pingcheng Zuo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Gongqi Cao
- College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Jianlin Liu
- College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
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Tô KÎ. Cluster formation and relaxation in particle rafts under uniform radial expansion. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:024801. [PMID: 37723787 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.024801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Particle rafts floating at an air-liquid interface exhibit a variety of behaviors when interfacial flow is introduced. Motivated by previous experimental observations, the failure pattern of particle rafts under uniform radial expansion is reported in this paper. The expansion process is specifically designed to expand the system affinely in the radial direction and to keep the velocity gradient constant throughout. A strong resemblance to the results of particle rafts under uniform uniaxial expansion is found. The size of the cluster emerging as the rafts are pulled apart scales inversely with the pulling velocity. This is a result of two competing velocities: the interparticle separation speed provided by the flow and a size-dependent relaxation speed for clustering. A model, generalized from a one-dimensional linear (in)stability calculation, is in agreement with the failure morphology found for this radially expanded system. Nonlinear relaxation and particle rearrangement are observed after the initial clustering occurs. This is a feature unique to a two-dimensional system. With its easily accessible particle dynamics at the microscopic level, this system provides insights into the morphology controlled by two competing mechanisms in two or higher dimensions and across different scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khá-Î Tô
- Department of Physics and James Franck and Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Tô KÎ, Nagel SR. Rifts in rafts. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:905-912. [PMID: 36625396 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01451c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A particle raft floating on an expanding liquid substrate provides a macroscopic analog for studying material failure. The time scales in this system allow both particle-relaxation dynamics and rift formation to be resolved. In our experiments, a raft, an aggregate of particles, is stretched uniaxially by the expansion of the air-liquid interface on which it floats. Its failure morphology changes continuously with pulling velocity. This can be understood as a competition between two velocity scales: the speed of re-aggregation, in which particles relax towards a low-energy configuration determined by viscous and capillary forces, and the difference of velocity between neighboring particles caused by the expanding liquid surface area. This competition selects the cluster length, i.e., the distance between adjacent rifts. A model based on this competition is consistent with the experimental failure patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khá-Î Tô
- The Department of Physics, and the James Franck and Enrico Fermi Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Sidney R Nagel
- The Department of Physics, and the James Franck and Enrico Fermi Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Lynn TF, Ottino JM, Lueptow RM, Umbanhowar PB. Potentialities and limitations of machine learning to solve cut-and-shuffle mixing problems: A case study. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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