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Frallicciardi J, Melcr J, Siginou P, Marrink SJ, Poolman B. Membrane thickness, lipid phase and sterol type are determining factors in the permeability of membranes to small solutes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1605. [PMID: 35338137 PMCID: PMC8956743 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29272-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell membranes provide a selective semi-permeable barrier to the passive transport of molecules. This property differs greatly between organisms. While the cytoplasmic membrane of bacterial cells is highly permeable for weak acids and glycerol, yeasts can maintain large concentration gradients. Here we show that such differences can arise from the physical state of the plasma membrane. By combining stopped-flow kinetic measurements with molecular dynamics simulations, we performed a systematic analysis of the permeability of a variety of small molecules through synthetic membranes of different lipid composition to obtain detailed molecular insight into the permeation mechanisms. While membrane thickness is an important parameter for the permeability through fluid membranes, the largest differences occur when the membranes transit from the liquid-disordered to liquid-ordered and/or to gel state, which is in agreement with previous work on passive diffusion of water. By comparing our results with in vivo measurements from yeast, we conclude that the yeast membrane exists in a highly ordered and rigid state, which is comparable to synthetic saturated DPPC-sterol membranes. Membrane permeability of small molecules depends on the composition of the lipid bilayer. Here, authors compare permeability measured on membranes in different physical states and conclude that the yeast membrane exists in a highly ordered phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Frallicciardi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Josef Melcr
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Pareskevi Siginou
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Siewert J Marrink
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Bert Poolman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Himbert S, Gastaldo IP, Ahmed R, Pomier KM, Cowbrough B, Jahagirdar D, Ros S, Juhasz J, Stöver HDH, Ortega J, Melacini G, Bowdish DME, Rheinstädter MC. Erythro-VLPs: Anchoring SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins in erythrocyte liposomes. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263671. [PMID: 35275926 PMCID: PMC8916654 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel therapeutic strategies are needed to control the SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) pandemic. Here, we present a protocol to anchor the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S-)protein in the cytoplasmic membranes of erythrocyte liposomes. A surfactant was used to stabilize the S-protein’s structure in the aqueous environment before insertion and to facilitate reconstitution of the S-proteins in the erythrocyte membranes. The insertion process was studied using coarse grained Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations. Liposome formation and S-protein anchoring was studied by dynamic light scattering (DLS), ELV-protein co-sedimentation assays, fluorescent microcopy and cryo-TEM. The Erythro-VLPs (erythrocyte based virus like particles) have a well defined size of ∼200 nm and an average protein density on the outer membrane of up to ∼300 proteins/μm2. The correct insertion and functional conformation of the S-proteins was verified by dose-dependent binding to ACE-2 (angiotensin converting enzyme 2) in biolayer interferometry (BLI) assays. Seroconversion was observed in a pilot mouse trial after 14 days when administered intravenously, based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). This red blood cell based platform can open novel possibilities for therapeutics for the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) including variants, and other viruses in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Himbert
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Origins Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Isabella Passos Gastaldo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Origins Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Rashik Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton ON, Canada
| | - Karla Martinez Pomier
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton ON, Canada
| | - Braeden Cowbrough
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Dushyant Jahagirdar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Samantha Ros
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Janos Juhasz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Juravinski Cancer Centre, Department of Medical Physics, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Harald D. H. Stöver
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Joaquin Ortega
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Giuseppe Melacini
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton ON, Canada
| | - Dawn M. E. Bowdish
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St. Joseph’s Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Maikel C. Rheinstädter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Origins Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Shen Y, Liu L, Zheng Q, Zhao X, Han Y, Guo Q, Wang Y. Quantitative insights into tightly and loosely bound water in hydration shells of amino acids. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:10080-10089. [PMID: 34714904 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01234g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The hydration of amino acids closely correlates the hydration of peptides and proteins and is critical to their biological functions. However, complete and quantitative understanding about the hydration of amino acids is lacking. Here, tightly and loosely bound water of 20 zwitterionic amino acids are quantitatively distinguished and determined by Raman spectroscopy with multivariate curve resolution (Raman-MCR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The total hydration water obtained from Raman-MCR and the tightly bound water determined by DSC have certain relevance, but they do not exactly correspond. In particular, Pro, Arg and Lys exhibit larger number of tightly bound water molecules (4.02-6.59), showing a significant influence on the onset transition temperature and the melting enthalpy values of water molecules, which provides direct evidence for their unique functions associated with biological water. Asn, Ser, Thr, Met, His and Glu have a smaller number of tightly bound water molecules (0.30-1.31), whilst the other remaining 11 amino acids only contain loosely bound water molecules. Four exceptional amino acids Ile, Leu, Phe and Val show fewer tightly bound water molecules but a higher number of loosely bound water molecules. As for the hydration shell structure, most amino acids except Pro and Trp enhance tetrahedral water structure and H-bonds relative to pure water and at least 1.9% of the hydration water molecules associated with the amino acids show non-hydrogen-bonded OH defects. This work combines two effective experimental techniques to reveal the hydration water structure and quantitatively analyze two kinds of bound water molecules of 20 amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutan Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lu Liu
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Qiancheng Zheng
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xi Zhao
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yuchun Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Qianjin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Yilin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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