1
|
Jones BE, Blayo C, Greenfield JL, Fuchter MJ, Cowieson N, Evans RC. Understanding X-ray-induced isomerisation in photoswitchable surfactant assemblies. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:2005-2015. [PMID: 39161710 PMCID: PMC11331535 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Dynamic, responsive materials can be built using photosurfactants (PS) that self-assemble into ordered nanostructures, such as micelles or liquid crystals. These PS contain photoswitchable groups, such as azobenzene (Azo) or, more recently, arylazopyrazoles (AAPs), which change shape and polarity on photoisomerisation between the E and Z states, thus changing the self-assembled structure. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is a powerful technique to probe the morphology of PS and can be used to measure the mechanisms of structural changes using in-situ light irradiation with rapid, time-resolved data collection. However, X-ray irradiation has been shown previously to induce Z-to-E isomerisation of Azo-PS, which can lead to inaccuracies in the measured photostationary state. Here, we investigate the effect of light and X-ray irradiation on micelles formed from two different PS, containing either an Azo or AAP photoswitch using SAXS with in-situ light irradiation. The effect of X-ray irradiation on the Z isomer is shown to depend on the photoswitch, solvent, concentration and morphology. We use this to create guidelines for future X-ray experiments using photoswitchable molecules, which can aid more accurate understanding of these materials for application in solar energy storage, catalysis or controlled drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice E Jones
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Camille Blayo
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jake L Greenfield
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 7SL, United Kingdom
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthew J Fuchter
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 7SL, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan Cowieson
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel C Evans
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jones B, Greenfield JL, Cowieson N, Fuchter MJ, Evans RC. Light-Driven Hexagonal-to-Cubic Phase Switching in Arylazopyrazole Lyotropic Liquid Crystals. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12315-12319. [PMID: 38683357 PMCID: PMC11082889 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Photoinduced manipulation of the nanoscale molecular structure and organization of soft materials can drive changes in the macroscale properties. Here we demonstrate the first example of a light-induced one- to three-dimensional mesophase transition at room temperature in lyotropic liquid crystals constructed from arylazopyrazole photosurfactants in water. We exploit this characteristic to use light to selectively control the rate of gas (CO2) diffusion across a prototype lyotropic liquid crystal membrane. Such control of phase organization, dimensionality, and permeability unlocks the potential for stimuli-responsive analogues in technologies for controlled delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice
E. Jones
- Department
of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, U.K.
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation
Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K.
| | - Jake L. Greenfield
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research
Hub, White City Campus, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 7SL, U.K.
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Universität
Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nathan Cowieson
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation
Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K.
| | - Matthew J. Fuchter
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research
Hub, White City Campus, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 7SL, U.K.
| | - Rachel C. Evans
- Department
of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tyagi G, Greenfield JL, Jones BE, Sharratt WN, Khan K, Seddon D, Malone LA, Cowieson N, Evans RC, Fuchter MJ, Cabral JT. Light Responsiveness and Assembly of Arylazopyrazole-Based Surfactants in Neat and Mixed CTAB Micelles. JACS AU 2022; 2:2670-2677. [PMID: 36590257 PMCID: PMC9795462 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of an arylazopyrazole-based photosurfactant (PS), based on cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and its mixed micelle formation with CTAB in aqueous solution was investigated by small angle neutron and X-ray scattering (SANS/SAXS) and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. Upon UV light exposure, PS photoisomerizes from E-PS (trans) to Z-PS (cis), which transforms oblate ellipsoidal micelles into smaller, spherical micelles with larger shell thickness. Doping PS with CTAB resulted in mixed micelle formation at all stoichiometries and conditions investigated; employing selectively deuterated PS, a monotonic variation in scattering length density and dimensions of the micellar core and shell is observed for all contrasts. The concentration- and irradiance-dependence of the E to Z configurational transition was established in both neat and mixed micelles. A liposome dye release assay establishes the enhanced efficacy of photosurfactants at membrane disruption, with E-PS exhibiting a 4-fold and Z-PS a 10-fold increase in fluorescence signal with respect to pure CTAB. Our findings pave the way for external triggering and modulation of the wide range of CTAB-based biomedical and material applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan Tyagi
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Institute
for Molecular Science and Engineering, Imperial
College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Jake L. Greenfield
- Institute
for Molecular Science and Engineering, Imperial
College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Molecular
Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Beatrice E. Jones
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 OFS, U.K.
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11
0DE, U.K.
| | - William N. Sharratt
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Kasim Khan
- Department
of Biology, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Dale Seddon
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Lorna A. Malone
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11
0DE, U.K.
| | - Nathan Cowieson
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11
0DE, U.K.
| | - Rachel C. Evans
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 OFS, U.K.
| | - Matthew J. Fuchter
- Institute
for Molecular Science and Engineering, Imperial
College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Molecular
Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - João T. Cabral
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Institute
for Molecular Science and Engineering, Imperial
College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jones BE, Kelly EA, Cowieson N, Divitini G, Evans RC. Light-Responsive Molecular Release from Cubosomes Using Swell-Squeeze Lattice Control. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:19532-19541. [PMID: 36222426 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive materials are crucial to advance controlled delivery systems for drugs and catalysts. Lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs) have well-defined internal structures suitable to entrap small molecules and can be broken up into low-viscosity dispersions, aiding their application as delivery systems. In this work, we demonstrate the first example of light-responsive cubic LLC dispersions, or cubosomes, using photoswitchable amphiphiles to enable external control over the LLC structure and subsequent on-demand release of entrapped guest molecules. Azobenzene photosurfactants (AzoPS), containing a neutral tetraethylene glycol head group and azobenzene-alkyl tail, are combined (from 10-30 wt %) into monoolein-water systems to create LLC phases. Homogenization of the bulk LLC forms dispersions of particles, ∼200 nm in diameter with internal bicontinuous primitive cubic phases, as seen using small-angle X-ray scattering and cryo-transmission electron microscopy. Notably, increasing the AzoPS concentration leads to swelling of the cubic lattice, offering a method to tune the internal nanoscale structure. Upon UV irradiation, AzoPS within the cubosomes isomerizes within seconds, which in turn leads to squeezing of the cubic lattice and a decrease in the lattice parameter. This squeeze mechanism was successfully harnessed to enable phototriggerable release of trapped Nile Red guest molecules from the cubosome structure in minutes. The ability to control the internal structure of LLC dispersions using light, and the dramatic effect this has on the retention of entrapped molecules, suggests that these systems may have huge potential for the next-generation of nanodelivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice E Jones
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom.,Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine A Kelly
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan Cowieson
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Giorgio Divitini
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel C Evans
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kim J, Yun H, Lee YJ, Lee J, Kim SH, Ku KH, Kim BJ. Photoswitchable Surfactant-Driven Reversible Shape- and Color-Changing Block Copolymer Particles. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:13333-13341. [PMID: 34379395 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Polymer particles that switch their shape and color in response to light are of great interest for the development of programmable smart materials. Herein, we report block copolymer (BCP) particles with reversible shapes and colors activated by irradiation with ultraviolet (UV) and visible lights. This shape transformation of the BCP particles is achieved by a spiropyran-dodecyltrimethylammoium bromide (SP-DTAB) surfactant that changes its amphiphilicity upon photoisomerization. Under UV light (365 nm) irradiation, the hydrophilic ring-opened merocyanine form of the SP-DTAB surfactant affords the formation of spherical, onion-like BCP particles. In contrast, when exposed to visible light, surfactants with the ring-closed form yield prolate or oblate BCP ellipsoids with axially stacked nanostructures. Importantly, the change in BCP particle morphology between spheres and ellipsoids is reversible over multiple UV and visible light irradiation cycles. In addition, the shape- and color-switchable BCP particles are integrated to form a composite hydrogel, demonstrating their potential as high-resolution displays with reversible patterning capabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinwoo Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongseok Yun
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jun Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyuk Lee
- Packaging Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Bucheon, Gyeonggi 14449, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Hee Ku
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjoon J Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|