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Yang Y, Sun M, Jia W, Jiao K, Wang S, Liu Y, Liu L, Dai Z, Jiang X, Yang T, Luo Y, Cheng Z, Wang H, Liu G. An osteoporosis bone defect regeneration strategy via three-dimension short fibers loaded with alendronate modified hydroxyapatite. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 233:113659. [PMID: 38029468 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporotic bone defect has become clinic challenge due to its morbid bone microenvironment. Overactive bone resorption and limited bone formation lead to unstable combination between bone tissue and scaffolds. Electrospinning has been widely used in guide tissue membrane, but its barrier property results in limited application. In order to optimize the structure and add anti-bone resorption function of electrospinning fibers, we exploited the application of short fibers generated by homogenization at osteoporotic tibial bone defect. The modified nano-hydroxyapatite (m-HA) was loaded with alendronate. It overcame the problem that hydrophilic drugs were difficult to distribute uniformly in hydrophobic fibers. We confirmed that m-HA was loaded into polycaprolactone (PCL) short fibers. PCL short fibers with m-HA (PCL/m-HA) continuously released ALN, provided stable structure and showed good cytocompatibility. In vitro, PCL/m-HA increased the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), promoted extracellular matrix mineralization and upregulated the expression of osteogenesis-related genes, Col 1, Alp, osteopontin (Opn) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2). In vivo, PCL/m-HA short fibers accelerated the new bone formation, inhibited the bone resorption and rebalanced the bone microenvironment through regulating osteoprotegerin (OPG) /receptor activator of NF-kB (RANKL) ratio. The above results confirmed that the PCL/m-HA short fibers achieved the application of three-dimension osteoporotic bone defect and had potential prospects in bone tissue scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuheng Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China; Scientific and Technological Innovation Center of Health Products and Medical Materials with Characteristic Resources of Jilin Province, China
| | - Maolei Sun
- Scientific and Technological Innovation Center of Health Products and Medical Materials with Characteristic Resources of Jilin Province, China; Department of Stomatology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Wenyuan Jia
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China; Scientific and Technological Innovation Center of Health Products and Medical Materials with Characteristic Resources of Jilin Province, China
| | - Kun Jiao
- Scientific and Technological Innovation Center of Health Products and Medical Materials with Characteristic Resources of Jilin Province, China; Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Shaoru Wang
- Scientific and Technological Innovation Center of Health Products and Medical Materials with Characteristic Resources of Jilin Province, China; Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Scientific and Technological Innovation Center of Health Products and Medical Materials with Characteristic Resources of Jilin Province, China; Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Scientific and Technological Innovation Center of Health Products and Medical Materials with Characteristic Resources of Jilin Province, China; Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Zhihui Dai
- Scientific and Technological Innovation Center of Health Products and Medical Materials with Characteristic Resources of Jilin Province, China; Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Xuanzuo Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China; Scientific and Technological Innovation Center of Health Products and Medical Materials with Characteristic Resources of Jilin Province, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Scientific and Technological Innovation Center of Health Products and Medical Materials with Characteristic Resources of Jilin Province, China; Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Yungang Luo
- Scientific and Technological Innovation Center of Health Products and Medical Materials with Characteristic Resources of Jilin Province, China; Department of Stomatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhiqiang Cheng
- Department of Stomatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hailiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Guomin Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China; Scientific and Technological Innovation Center of Health Products and Medical Materials with Characteristic Resources of Jilin Province, China.
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Zhang J, Bai H, Bai M, Wang X, Li Z, Xue H, Wang J, Cui Y, Wang H, Wang Y, Zhou R, Zhu X, Xu M, Zhao X, Liu H. Bisphosphonate-incorporated coatings for orthopedic implants functionalization. Mater Today Bio 2023; 22:100737. [PMID: 37576870 PMCID: PMC10413202 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphosphonates (BPs), the stable analogs of pyrophosphate, are well-known inhibitors of osteoclastogenesis to prevent osteoporotic bone loss and improve implant osseointegration in patients suffering from osteoporosis. Compared to systemic administration, BPs-incorporated coatings enable the direct delivery of BPs to the local area, which will precisely enhance osseointegration and bone repair without the systemic side effects. However, an elaborate and comprehensive review of BP coatings of implants is lacking. Herein, the cellular level (e.g., osteoclasts, osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclast precursors, and bone mesenchymal stem cells) and molecular biological regulatory mechanism of BPs in regulating bone homeostasis are overviewed systematically. Moreover, the currently available methods (e.g., chemical reaction, porous carriers, and organic material films) of BP coatings construction are outlined and summarized in detail. As one of the key directions, the latest advances of BP-coated implants to enhance bone repair and osseointegration in basic experiments and clinical trials are presented and critically evaluated. Finally, the challenges and prospects of BP coatings are also purposed, and it will open a new chapter in clinical translation for BP-coated implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zhang
- Orthopedic Institute of Jilin Province, Orthopedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Haotian Bai
- Orthopedic Institute of Jilin Province, Orthopedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Miao Bai
- Department of Ocular Fundus Disease, Ophthalmology Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Orthopedic Institute of Jilin Province, Orthopedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - ZuHao Li
- Orthopedic Institute of Jilin Province, Orthopedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Haowen Xue
- Orthopedic Institute of Jilin Province, Orthopedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Orthopedic Institute of Jilin Province, Orthopedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Yutao Cui
- Orthopedic Institute of Jilin Province, Orthopedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- Orthopedic Institute of Jilin Province, Orthopedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Yanbing Wang
- Orthopedic Institute of Jilin Province, Orthopedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Rongqi Zhou
- Orthopedic Institute of Jilin Province, Orthopedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Xiujie Zhu
- Orthopedic Institute of Jilin Province, Orthopedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Mingwei Xu
- Orthopedic Institute of Jilin Province, Orthopedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Orthopedic Institute of Jilin Province, Orthopedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - He Liu
- Orthopedic Institute of Jilin Province, Orthopedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
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Zhuang C, Zhu G, Wang Y, Wang L, Shi X, Mao C. A Facile Crystallization Strategy to Turn Calcium Bisphosphonates into Novel Osteogenesis-Inducing Biomaterials. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2203004. [PMID: 37199479 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202203004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Insoluble metal bisphosphonates (BPs) are considered an ideal alternative to the soluble counterparts in regenerative medicine due to their increased BP release profile, but still present undesired properties (e.g., low stability, uncontrolled degradation, and poor biocompatibility). Through a simple crystallization on a solid calcium hydroxyapatite (HA)-based substrate from a BP precursor solution in 30 days, a series of insoluble calcium BP (CaBP) crystals are developed. These crystals, including calcium alendronate (CaAln), calcium pamidronate (CaPam), calcium incadronate (CaInc), calcium risedronate (CaRis), calcium zoledronate (CaZol), and calcium di-minodronate (Ca(Min)2 ), present high purity, regular morphologies and excellent biodegradability. It is demonstrated that these CaBPs can induce osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in vitro in the absence of other osteogenic inducers. It is further found that CaBP induces bone formation more effectively in a femur defect rabbit model in three months but with a lower in vivo hematotoxicity than the clinically used HA during osteogenesis. It is believed that these desired biological properties arise from the capability of the insoluble CaBPs in releasing BPs in a sustained manner for stimulating osteogenesis. This work provides a significant strategy for turning CaBPs into novel biomaterials for tissue regeneration and demonstrates their great potential in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhuang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Guanglin Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yingjun Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xuetao Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, 510005, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou, China
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Liu Z, Liu J, Li J, Li Y, Sun J, Deng Y, Zhou H. Substrate stiffness can affect the crosstalk between adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells and macrophages in bone tissue engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1133547. [PMID: 37576988 PMCID: PMC10415109 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1133547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to explore the effect of biomaterials with different stiffness on Adipose Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (ADSC)-macrophage crosstalk in bone tissue engineering and its role in bone repair. Methods: Biomaterials with Young's modulus of 64 and 0.2 kPa were selected, and the crosstalk between ADSCs and macrophages was investigated by means of conditioned medium treatment and cell co-culture, respectively. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the polarization of macrophages. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red staining (ARS) solutions were used to evaluate the osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs. Transwell assay was used to evaluate the chemotaxis of ADSCs and macrophages. Moreover, mass spectrometry proteomics was used to analyze the secreted protein profile of ADSCs of different substrates and macrophages in different polarization states. Results: On exploring the influence of biomaterials on macrophages from ADSCs on different substrates, we found that CD163 and CD206 expression levels in macrophages were significantly higher in the 64-kPa group than in the 0.2-kPa group in conditioned medium treatment and cell co-culture. Flow cytometry showed that more cells became CD163+ or CD206+ cells in the 64-kPa group under conditioned medium treatment or cell co-culture. The Transwell assay showed that more macrophages migrated to the lower chamber in the 64-kPa group. The proteomic analysis found that ADSCs in the 64-kPa group secreted more immunomodulatory proteins, such as LBP and RBP4, to improve the repair microenvironment. On exploring the influence of biomaterials on ADSCs from macrophages in different polarization states, we found that ALP and ARS levels in ADSCs were significantly higher in the M2 group than in the other three groups (NC, M0, and M1 groups) in both conditioned medium treatment and cell co-culture. The Transwell assay showed that more ADSCs migrated to the lower chamber in the M2 group. The proteomic analysis found that M2 macrophages secreted more extracellular remodeling proteins, such as LRP1, to promote bone repair. Conclusion: In bone tissue engineering, the stiffness of repair biomaterials can affect the crosstalk between ADSCs and macrophages, thereby regulating local repair immunity and affecting bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyang Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jipeng Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinwei Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huifang Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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5
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Kuvshinova EA, Petrakova NV, Nikitina YO, Sviridova IK, Akhmedova SA, Kirsanova VA, Karalkin PA, Komlev VS, Sergeeva NS, Kaprin AD. Functionalization of Octacalcium Phosphate Bone Graft with Cisplatin and Zoledronic Acid: Physicochemical and Bioactive Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11633. [PMID: 37511391 PMCID: PMC10380611 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bones are the fourth most frequent site of metastasis from malignant tumors, including breast cancer, prostate cancer, melanoma, etc. The bioavailability of bone tissue for chemotherapy drugs is extremely low. This requires a search for new approaches of targeted drug delivery to the tumor growth zone after surgery treatment. The aim of this work was to develop a method for octacalcium phosphate (OCP) bone graft functionalization with the cytostatic drug cisplatin to provide the local release of its therapeutic concentrations into the bone defect. OCP porous ceramic granules (OCP ceramics) were used as a platform for functionalization, and bisphosphonate zoledronic acid was used to mediate the interaction between cisplatin and OCP and enhance their binding strength. The obtained OCP materials were studied using scanning electron and light microscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography, atomic emission spectroscopy, and real-time PCR. In vitro and in vivo studies were performed on normal and tumor cell lines and small laboratory animals. The bioactivity of initial OCP ceramics was explored and the efficiency of OCP functionalization with cisplatin, zoledronic acid, and their combination was evaluated. The kinetics of drug release and changes in ceramics properties after functionalization were studied. It was established that zoledronic acid changed the physicochemical and bioactive properties of OCP ceramics and prolonged cisplatin release from the ceramics. In vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed the biocompatibility, osteoconductivity, and osteoinductivity, as well as cytostatic and antitumor properties of the obtained materials. The use of OCP ceramics functionalized with a cytostatic via the described method seems to be promising in clinics when primary or metastatic tumors of the bone tissue are removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A Kuvshinova
- P.A. Herzen Moscow Research Oncology Institute, Branch of FSBI National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 2nd Botkinsky Pass. 3, 125284 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nataliya V Petrakova
- A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science RAS, Leninsky Avenue 49, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia O Nikitina
- A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science RAS, Leninsky Avenue 49, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina K Sviridova
- P.A. Herzen Moscow Research Oncology Institute, Branch of FSBI National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 2nd Botkinsky Pass. 3, 125284 Moscow, Russia
| | - Suraja A Akhmedova
- P.A. Herzen Moscow Research Oncology Institute, Branch of FSBI National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 2nd Botkinsky Pass. 3, 125284 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentina A Kirsanova
- P.A. Herzen Moscow Research Oncology Institute, Branch of FSBI National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 2nd Botkinsky Pass. 3, 125284 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel A Karalkin
- P.A. Herzen Moscow Research Oncology Institute, Branch of FSBI National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 2nd Botkinsky Pass. 3, 125284 Moscow, Russia
- L.L. Levshin Institute of Cluster Oncology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya 8-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir S Komlev
- A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science RAS, Leninsky Avenue 49, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia S Sergeeva
- P.A. Herzen Moscow Research Oncology Institute, Branch of FSBI National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 2nd Botkinsky Pass. 3, 125284 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey D Kaprin
- FSBI National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 2nd Botkinsky Pass. 3, 125284 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Urology and Operative Nephrology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Miklukho-Maklay Str., 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
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Kang MS, Park R, Jo HJ, Shin YC, Kim CS, Hyon SH, Hong SW, Oh J, Han DW. Spontaneous Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Tuna-Bone-Derived Hydroxyapatite Composites with Green Tea Polyphenol-Reduced Graphene Oxide. Cells 2023; 12:1448. [PMID: 37296569 PMCID: PMC10252354 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, bone tissue engineering (BTE) has made significant progress in promoting the direct and functional connection between bone and graft, including osseointegration and osteoconduction, to facilitate the healing of damaged bone tissues. Herein, we introduce a new, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective method for synthesizing reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and hydroxyapatite (HAp). The method uses epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) as a reducing agent to synthesize rGO (E-rGO), and HAp powder is obtained from Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus). The physicochemical analysis indicated that the E-rGO/HAp composites had exceptional properties for use as BTE scaffolds, as well as high purity. Moreover, we discovered that E-rGO/HAp composites facilitated not only the proliferation, but also early and late osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Our work suggests that E-rGO/HAp composites may play a significant role in promoting the spontaneous osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs, and we envision that E-rGO/HAp composites could serve as promising candidates for BTE scaffolds, stem-cell differentiation stimulators, and implantable device components because of their biocompatible and bioactive properties. Overall, we suggest a new approach for developing cost-effective and environmentally friendly E-rGO/HAp composite materials for BTE application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Sung Kang
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (M.S.K.); (R.P.); (H.J.J.); (C.-S.K.)
| | - Rowoon Park
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (M.S.K.); (R.P.); (H.J.J.); (C.-S.K.)
| | - Hyo Jung Jo
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (M.S.K.); (R.P.); (H.J.J.); (C.-S.K.)
| | - Yong Cheol Shin
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
| | - Chang-Seok Kim
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (M.S.K.); (R.P.); (H.J.J.); (C.-S.K.)
- Engineering Research Center for Color-Modulated Extra-Sensory Perception Technology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Suck Won Hong
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (M.S.K.); (R.P.); (H.J.J.); (C.-S.K.)
- Engineering Research Center for Color-Modulated Extra-Sensory Perception Technology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghwan Oh
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
- Ohlabs Corporation, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Han
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (M.S.K.); (R.P.); (H.J.J.); (C.-S.K.)
- BIO-IT Fusion Technology Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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7
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Chen ZY, Zhou RB, Wang RD, Su SL, Zhou F. Dual-crosslinked network of polyacrylamide-carboxymethylcellulose hydrogel promotes osteogenic differentiation in vitro. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 234:123788. [PMID: 36822291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
In our previous study, we successfully designed a dual-crosslinked network hydrogel by introducing the monomers acrylamide (AM), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8), and alendronate (Aln). With the simultaneous presentation of physical and chemical crosslinks, the fabricated hydrogel with 10 % concentration of Aln@ZIF-8 (PAM-CMC-10%Aln@ZIF-8) exhibited excellent mechanical characteristics, high Aln loading efficiency (63.83 %), and a slow release period (6 d). These results demonstrate that PAM-CMC-10%Aln@ZIF-8 is a potential carrier for delaying Aln. In this study, we mainly focused on the biocompatibility and osteogenic ability of PAM-CMC-10%Aln@ZIF-8 in vitro, which is a continuation of our previous work. First, this study investigated the biocompatibility of dual-crosslinked hydrogels using calcein-AM/Propidium Iodide and cell counting kit-8. The morphology of rat bone mesenchymal stem cells was assessed using FITC-phalloidin/DAPI and vinculin immunostaining. Finally, osteogenic induction ability in vitro was assessed via alkaline phosphatase expression and alizarin red S staining, which was also confirmed using real-time PCR at the gene level and immunofluorescence at the protein level. The results indicated that the introduction of Aln enabled a dual-crosslinked hydrogel with superior biocompatibility and outstanding osteogenic differentiation ability in vitro, providing a solid foundation for subsequent animal experiments in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Yang Chen
- Peking University Third Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics, China; Peking University Third Hospital, Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, China
| | - Ru-Bing Zhou
- Peking University Third Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics, China; Peking University Third Hospital, Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, China
| | - Rui-Deng Wang
- Peking University Third Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics, China; Peking University Third Hospital, Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, China
| | - Shi-Long Su
- Peking University Third Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics, China; Peking University Third Hospital, Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Peking University Third Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics, China.
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8
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Wang F, Wang Q, Zhao Y, Tian Z, Chang S, Tong H, Liu N, Bai S, Li X, Fan J. Adipose-derived stem cells with miR-150-5p inhibition laden in hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate ceramic powders promote osteogenesis via regulating Notch3 and activating FAK/ERK and RhoA. Acta Biomater 2023; 155:644-653. [PMID: 36206975 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) are multipotent stromal cells and play huge role in forming and repairing bone tissues. Emerging evidence shows that MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in ADSCs differentiation. Here, we explored the role of miR-150-5p and its related mechanisms in ADSCs osteogenesis. Real-time PCR was used to determine miR-150-5p expression during ADSCs osteogenesis. miR-150-5p inhibitors, miR-150-5p ADV or short hairpin RNA (shRNA) of Notch3 were transfected to ADSCs for analyzing the effects on osteogenesis. The mixture of hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate (HA/TCP) ceramic powders and transfected ADSCs was implanted into BALB/C nude mice. Micro-CT and histological methods were performed to evaluate the new bone formation. Compared with negative control (NC) and miR-150-5p overexpression, inhibition of miR-150-5p increased ADSCs osteogenesis by regulating Notch3. MiR-150-5p overexpression decreased the expression of pFAK, pERK1/2, and RhoA, while these were up-regulated when miR-150-5p was inhibited, or notch3 was silenced. Furthermore, miR-150-5p inhibition partially reversed the suppression effect of notch3 knockdown on osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo. This study demonstrated the critical function of miR-150-5p during osteogenesis. The combination of ADSCs with miR-150-5p inhibition and HA/TCP might be a promising strategy for bone damage repair. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Osteoporosis is a common chronic metabolic bone disease in humans. Bone tissue engineering based on mesenchymal stem cells, biomaterials, and growth factors, provides a promising way to treat osteoporosis and bone defects. ADSCs commonly differentiate into adipose cells, they can also differentiate into osteogenic cell lineages. Nucleic acids and protein have usually been considered as regulators of ADSCs osteogenic differentiation. In the current study, we demonstrated the combination of ADSCs with miR-150-5p inhibition and hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate ceramic powders enhanced bone regeneration. Furthermore, miR-150-5p/Notch3 axis regulating osteogenesis via the FAK/ERK1/2 and RhoA pathway was assessed. The current study showed the application of ADSCs in bone regeneration might be a promising strategy for osteoporosis and bone damage repairing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanglin Wang
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China
| | - Qiao Wang
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No.36 Sanhao Street, Heping area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China
| | - Zhiyu Tian
- Clinical Primary Department 105K, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China
| | - Shijie Chang
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China
| | - Hao Tong
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China
| | - Ningwei Liu
- 5+3 Integration of Clinical Medicine 106K, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China
| | - Shuling Bai
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China; Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China.
| | - Jun Fan
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China.
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Jiang Z, Liu Y, Shi R, Feng X, Xu W, Zhuang X, Ding J, Chen X. Versatile Polymer-Initiating Biomineralization for Tumor Blockade Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2110094. [PMID: 35202501 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tumor blockade therapy is a promising penetration-independent antitumor modality, which effectively inhibits the exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and information between the tumor and surrounding microenvironments. However, the current blockade therapy strategies have limited antitumor efficacy due to defects of inadequate tumor obstruction, possible side effects, and short duration. For these reasons, a facilely synthesized versatile polymer 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-poly(ethylene glycol)-alendronate (DSPE-PEG-ALN, DPA) is developed to initiate the formation of biomineral shell around osteosarcoma as a potent physical barrier. The DSPE moiety shares a similar chemical structure with the cytomembrane, allowing the membrane insertion of DPA. The bisphosphonic acid groups in ALN attract ions to realize biomineralization around cells. After injection in the invasive osteosarcoma tissue, DPA inserts into the cytomembrane, induces continuous mineral deposition, and ultimately builds a physical barrier around the tumor. Meanwhile, ALN in DPA alleviates bone destruction by suppressing the activity of osteoclasts. Through hindering the exchange of necessary substances, the biomineralization coating inhibits the growth of primary osteosarcoma and pulmonary metastasis simultaneously. Therefore, the multifunctional polymer-initiating blockade therapy provides a promising modality for tumor inhibition in clinics with high efficacy and negligible side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Run Shi
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, P. R. China
| | - Xiangru Feng
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
- School of Life Science and Technology, South Campus, Changchun University of Science and Technology, 7168 Weixing Street, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Weiguo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
- Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xiuli Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
- Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jianxun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
- Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
- Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
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Yang L, Zhu YJ, He G, Li H, Tao JC. Multifunctional Photocatalytic Filter Paper Based on Ultralong Nanowires of the Calcium-Alendronate Complex for High-Performance Water Purification. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:9464-9479. [PMID: 35157420 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor photocatalysts and membrane separation technology have been widely used in the field of water treatment. Usually, the particles of traditional semiconductor photocatalysts are easy to aggregate, difficult to separate from the liquid phase after photocatalysis, and may even cause secondary pollution. On the other hand, the membrane separation technology is also facing the problem of sharp decreases in removal efficiency and water flux caused by the membrane fouling. However, it is an attractive and promising solution to combine two technologies of photocatalysis and membrane separation for high-performance water treatment. In this work, we have developed the calcium oleate precursor solvothermal method to synthesize ultralong nanowires (UNWs) of Ca-alendronate (Ca-ALN) complex for the first time. Experimental results and data analysis indicate that the as-prepared Ca-ALN ultralong nanowires are an n-type semiconductor with an energy band gap of 3.41 eV. A new type of multifunctional photocatalytic filter paper has been developed based on ultralong nanowires of Ca-ALN complex (Ca-ALN-UNWs) and cellulose fibers (CFs). The as-prepared Ca-ALN-UNW/CF photocatalytic filter paper exhibits multifunctions of photocatalysis, adsorption, and filtration, which can be used for high-performance treatment of the wastewater containing various pollutants such as heavy-metal ions, dyes, antibiotics, and bacteria. The active oxygen species produced by the Ca-ALN-UNW/CF photocatalytic filter paper under light illumination are determined by electron spin resonance, and the energy band gap and photoelectric properties of the material are tested by ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and electrochemical workstation. The pure water flux of the Ca-ALN-UNW/CF photocatalytic filter paper is very high, which can reach 2230.5 L m-2 h-1 under a working pressure of 0.1 MPa. The Ca-ALN-UNW/CF photocatalytic filter paper is promising for various applications such as highly efficient water purification and in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Laser Processing and Modification, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Ying-Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guo He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Laser Processing and Modification, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Heng Li
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Jing-Chao Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Laser Processing and Modification, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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11
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Bjelić D, Finšgar M. Bioactive coatings with anti-osteoclast therapeutic agents for bone implants: Enhanced compliance and prolonged implant life. Pharmacol Res 2022; 176:106060. [PMID: 34998972 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of therapeutic agents that inhibit bone resorption is crucial to prolong implant life, delay revision surgery, and reduce the burden on the healthcare system. These therapeutic agents include bisphosphonates, various nucleic acids, statins, proteins, and protein complexes. Their use in systemic treatment has several drawbacks, such as side effects and insufficient efficacy in terms of concentration, which can be eliminated by local treatment. This review focuses on the incorporation of osteoclast inhibitors (antiresorptive agents) into bioactive coatings for bone implants. The ability of bioactive coatings as systems for local delivery of antiresorptive agents to achieve optimal loading of the bioactive coating and its release is described in detail. Various parameters such as the suitable concentrations, release times, and the effects of the antiresorptive agents on nearby cells or bone tissue are discussed. However, further research is needed to support the optimization of the implant, as this will enable subsequent personalized design of the coating in terms of the design and selection of the coating material, the choice of an antiresorptive agent and its amount in the coating. In addition, therapeutic agents that have not yet been incorporated into bioactive coatings but appear promising are also mentioned. From this work, it can be concluded that therapeutic agents contribute to the biocompatibility of the bioactive coating by enhancing its beneficial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Bjelić
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
| | - Matjaž Finšgar
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
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12
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Das SS, Bharadwaj P, Bilal M, Barani M, Rahdar A, Taboada P, Bungau S, Kyzas GZ. Stimuli-Responsive Polymeric Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery, Imaging, and Theragnosis. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1397. [PMID: 32580366 PMCID: PMC7362228 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, polymeric nanocarriers have been recognized as promising tools and have gained attention from researchers for their potential to efficiently deliver bioactive compounds, including drugs, proteins, genes, nucleic acids, etc., in pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. Remarkably, these polymeric nanocarriers could be further modified as stimuli-responsive systems based on the mechanism of triggered release, i.e., response to a specific stimulus, either endogenous (pH, enzymes, temperature, redox values, hypoxia, glucose levels) or exogenous (light, magnetism, ultrasound, electrical pulses) for the effective biodistribution and controlled release of drugs or genes at specific sites. Various nanoparticles (NPs) have been functionalized and used as templates for imaging systems in the form of metallic NPs, dendrimers, polymeric NPs, quantum dots, and liposomes. The use of polymeric nanocarriers for imaging and to deliver active compounds has attracted considerable interest in various cancer therapy fields. So-called smart nanopolymer systems are built to respond to certain stimuli such as temperature, pH, light intensity and wavelength, and electrical, magnetic and ultrasonic fields. Many imaging techniques have been explored including optical imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nuclear imaging, ultrasound, photoacoustic imaging (PAI), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and positron emission tomography (PET). This review reports on the most recent developments in imaging methods by analyzing examples of smart nanopolymers that can be imaged using one or more imaging techniques. Unique features, including nontoxicity, water solubility, biocompatibility, and the presence of multiple functional groups, designate polymeric nanocues as attractive nanomedicine candidates. In this context, we summarize various classes of multifunctional, polymeric, nano-sized formulations such as liposomes, micelles, nanogels, and dendrimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabya Sachi Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835215, India;
| | - Priyanshu Bharadwaj
- UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France;
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China;
| | - Mahmood Barani
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman 76175-133, Iran;
| | - Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics, University of Zabol, Zabol 98613-35856, Iran
| | - Pablo Taboada
- Colloids and Polymers Physics Group, Condensed Matter Physics Area, Particle Physics Department Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania;
| | - George Z. Kyzas
- Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, 65404 Kavala, Greece
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