1
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Restaino OF, Manini P, Kordjazi T, Alfieri ML, Rippa M, Mariniello L, Porta R. Biotechnological Production and Characterization of Extracellular Melanin by Streptomyces nashvillensis. Microorganisms 2024; 12:297. [PMID: 38399701 PMCID: PMC10892051 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanins are pigments employed in food, cosmetic, and textile industries, manufactured by extraction from cuttlefishes. Their biotechnological production by Streptomycetes, instead, has been poorly investigated so far. In this paper, for the first time, the strain Streptomyces nashvillensis DSM 40314 was tested as an extracellular melanin producer by investigating the influence of diverse temperatures (26, 28, and 30 °C) and pH values (6.0 and 7.0) on bacterial growth, melanin production, and on the activity of the secreted tyrosinase, the first enzyme of the pigment biosynthetic pathway. In physiological 96-h shake flask experiments, the optimal growth parameters resulted to be 28 °C and pH 7.0, at which a maximum biomass of 8.4 ± 0.5 gcdw/L, a melanin concentration of 0.74 ± 0.01 g/L (yield on biomass of 0.09 ± 0.01 g/gcdw and productivity of 0.008 ± 0.001 g/L/h), and a final tyrosinase activity of 10.1 ± 0.1 U/mL were reached. The produced pigment was purified from the broth supernatant with a two-step purification process (75.0 ± 2.0% of purity with 65.0 ± 5.0% of recovery) and tested for its chemical, antioxidant, and photoprotective properties. Finally, characterization by UV-visible and FT-IR spectroscopy, elemental analyses, and mono- and bi-dimensional NMR suggested the eumelanin-like nature of the pigment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odile Francesca Restaino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy; (O.F.R.); (P.M.); (T.K.); (M.L.A.); (R.P.)
| | - Paola Manini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy; (O.F.R.); (P.M.); (T.K.); (M.L.A.); (R.P.)
| | - Talayeh Kordjazi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy; (O.F.R.); (P.M.); (T.K.); (M.L.A.); (R.P.)
| | - Maria Laura Alfieri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy; (O.F.R.); (P.M.); (T.K.); (M.L.A.); (R.P.)
| | - Massimo Rippa
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems “E. Caianiello” of CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy;
| | - Loredana Mariniello
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy; (O.F.R.); (P.M.); (T.K.); (M.L.A.); (R.P.)
| | - Raffaele Porta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy; (O.F.R.); (P.M.); (T.K.); (M.L.A.); (R.P.)
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2
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Lino V, Manini P, Galeotti M, Salamone M, Bietti M, Crescenzi O, Napolitano A, d'Ischia M. Antioxidant Activities of Hydroxylated Naphthalenes: The Role of Aryloxyl Radicals. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202200449. [PMID: 36680302 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Herein is delineated a first systematic framework for the definition of structure-antioxidant property relationships in the dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) series. The results obtained by a combined experimental and theoretical approach revealed that 1,8-DHN is the best performing antioxidant platform, with its unique hydrogen-bonded peri-hydroxylation pattern contributing to a fast H atom transfer process. Moreover, the comparative analysis of the antioxidant properties of DHNs carried out by performing DPPH and FRAP assays and laser flash photolysis experiments, revealed the higher antioxidant power associated with an α-substitution pattern (i. e. in 1,8- and 1,6-DHN) with respect to DHNs exhibiting a β-substitution pattern (i. e. in 2,6- and 2,7-DHN). DFT calculations and isolation and characterization of the main oligomer intermediates formed during the oxidative polymerization of DHNs supported this evidence by providing unprecedented insight into the generation and fate of the intermediate naphthoxyl radicals, which emerged as the main factor governing the antioxidant activity of DHNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Lino
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Paola Manini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Marco Galeotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Salamone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Bietti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Orlando Crescenzi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessandra Napolitano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Marco d'Ischia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Napoli, Italy
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3
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Zhou X, Su S, Vanthournout B, Hu Z, Son FA, Zhang K, Siwicka ZE, Gong X, Paul N, Gnanasekaran K, Forman C, Farha OK, Shawkey MD, Gianneschi NC. Hydrophobic Melanin via Post-Synthetic Modification for Controlled Self-Assembly. ACS NANO 2022; 16:19087-19095. [PMID: 36343336 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Allomelanin is a class of nitrogen-free melanin mostly found in fungi and, like all naturally occurring melanins, is hydrophilic. Herein, we develop a facile method to modify synthetic hydrophilic allomelanin to yield hydrophobic derivatives through post-synthetic modifications. Amine-functionalized molecules of various kinds can be conjugated to allomelanin nanoparticles under mild conditions with high loading efficiencies. Hydrophobicity is conferred by introducing amine-terminated alkyl groups with different chain lengths. We demonstrate that the resulting hydrophobic allomelanin nanoparticles undergo air/water interfacial self-assembly in a controlled fashion, which enables the generation of large-scale and uniform structural colors. This work provides an efficient and tunable surface chemistry modification strategy to broaden the scope of synthetic melanin structure and function beyond the known diversity found in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bram Vanthournout
- Department of Biology, Evolution and Optics of Nanostructures Group, University of Ghent, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Matthew D Shawkey
- Department of Biology, Evolution and Optics of Nanostructures Group, University of Ghent, Ghent 9000, Belgium
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4
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Pira A, Amatucci A, Melis C, Pezzella A, Manini P, d'Ischia M, Mula G. The interplay of chemical structure, physical properties, and structural design as a tool to modulate the properties of melanins within mesopores. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11436. [PMID: 35794122 PMCID: PMC9258763 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14347-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The design of modern devices that can fulfil the requirements for sustainability and renewable energy applications calls for both new materials and a better understanding of the mixing of existing materials. Among those, surely organic–inorganic hybrids are gaining increasing attention due to the wide possibility to tailor their properties by accurate structural design and materials choice. In this work, we’ll describe the tight interplay between porous Si and two melanic polymers permeating the pores. Melanins are a class of biopolymers, known to cause pigmentation in many living species, that shows very interesting potential applications in a wide variety of fields. Given the complexity of the polymerization process beyond the formation and structure, the full understanding of the melanins' properties remains a challenging task. In this study, the use of a melanin/porous Si hybrid as a tool to characterize the polymer’s properties within mesopores gives new insights into the conduction mechanisms of melanins. We demonstrate the dramatic effect induced on these mechanisms in a confined environment by the presence of a thick interface. In previous studies, we already showed that the interactions at the interface between porous Si and eumelanin play a key role in determining the final properties of composite materials. Here, thanks to a careful monitoring of the photoconductivity properties of porous Si filled with melanins obtained by ammonia-induced solid-state polymerization (AISSP) of 5,6-dihydroxyindole (DHI) or 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN), we investigate the effect of wet, dry, and vacuum cycles of storage from the freshly prepared samples to months-old samples. A computational study on the mobility of water molecules within a melanin polymer is also presented to complete the understanding of the experimental data. Our results demonstrate that: (a) the hydration-dependent behavior of melanins is recovered in large pores (≈ 60 nm diameter) while is almost absent in thinner pores (≈ 20 nm diameter); (b) DHN-melanin materials can generate higher photocurrents and proved to be stable for several weeks and more sensitive to the wet/dry variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Pira
- PoroSiLab, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S.P. 8 km 0.700, 09042, Monserrato (Ca), Italy
| | - Alberto Amatucci
- PoroSiLab, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S.P. 8 km 0.700, 09042, Monserrato (Ca), Italy
| | - Claudio Melis
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S.P. 8 km 0.700, 09042, Monserrato (Ca), Italy
| | - Alessandro Pezzella
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini", Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 21, 80126, Napoli (Na), Italy
| | - Paola Manini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 21, 80126, Napoli (Na), Italy
| | - Marco d'Ischia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 21, 80126, Napoli (Na), Italy
| | - Guido Mula
- PoroSiLab, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S.P. 8 km 0.700, 09042, Monserrato (Ca), Italy.
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5
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Lino V, Manini P. Dihydroxynaphthalene-Based Allomelanins: A Source of Inspiration for Innovative Technological Materials. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:15308-15314. [PMID: 35571811 PMCID: PMC9096960 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Melanins are a wide class of natural pigments biosynthesized by different kinds of living organisms throughout all of the life domains, from bacteria to fungi, plants, and mammals. The biological functions played by these natural pigments are different (i.e., camouflage, radioprotection, thermoregulation) and ascribable to a peculiar set of physical-chemical properties making melanins a unique class of biopolymers. Among these, allomelanins from 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (1,8-DHNmel) produced by some Ascomycetes have recently attracted particular interest for their robustness and ability to protect fungi against both hostile (i.e., attack from fungicidal agents) and extreme (i.e., high energy radiations) environments. Starting from this background, in this mini-review we offer a panorama of the recent advances on the oxidative chemistry of 1,8-DHN leading to the formation of allomelanin mimics with tailored structural and functional properties for technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Lino
- Scuola
Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli
Federico II, via Cintia
4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Paola Manini
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli
Federico II, via Cintia
4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
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6
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Singla S, Htut KZ, Zhu R, Davis A, Ma J, Ni QZ, Burkart MD, Maurer C, Miyoshi T, Dhinojwala A. Isolation and Characterization of Allomelanin from Pathogenic Black Knot Fungus-a Sustainable Source of Melanin. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:35514-35522. [PMID: 34984283 PMCID: PMC8717558 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Melanin, a widespread pigment found in many taxa, is widely recognized for its high refractive index, ultraviolet (UV) protection, radical quenching ability, metal binding, and many other unique properties. The aforementioned characteristic traits make melanin a potential candidate for biomedical, separation, structural coloration, and space applications. However, the commercially available natural (sepia) and synthetic melanin are very expensive, limiting their use in various applications. Additionally, eumelanin has been the primary focus in most of these studies. In the present study, we demonstrate that melanin can be extracted from the pathogenic black knot fungus Apiosporina morbosa with a yield of ∼10% using the acid-base extraction method. The extracted melanin shows irregular morphology. Chemical characterization using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveals that the melanin derived from black knots is the less explored nitrogen-free allomelanin. Additionally, the extracted melanin shows broadband UV absorption typical of other types of melanin. Because of the wide availability and low cost of black knots and the invasive nature of the fungus, black knots can serve as an alternative green source for obtaining allomelanin at a low cost, which could stimulate its use as an UV light absorber and antioxidant in cosmetics and packaging industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranshu Singla
- School
of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - K. Zin Htut
- School
of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Runyao Zhu
- School
of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Amara Davis
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, The University
of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United
States
| | - Jiayang Ma
- School
of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Qing Zhe Ni
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Michael D. Burkart
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | | | - Toshikazu Miyoshi
- School
of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Ali Dhinojwala
- School
of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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7
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Liu YC, Ban LK, Lee HHC, Lee HT, Chang YT, Lin YT, Su HY, Hsu ST, Higuchi A. Laminin-511 and recombinant vitronectin supplementation enables human pluripotent stem cell culture and differentiation on conventional tissue culture polystyrene surfaces in xeno-free conditions. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:8604-8614. [PMID: 34605523 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01878g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are typically cultivated on extracellular matrix (ECM) protein-coated dishes in xeno-free culture conditions. We supplemented mixed ECM proteins (laminin-511 and recombinant vitronectin, rVT) in culture medium for hPSC culture on conventional polystyrene dishes. Three hPSC cell lines were successfully cultivated on uncoated polystyrene dishes in medium supplemented with optimal conditions of laminin-511 and rVT. Excellent colony shape and colony size as well as high expansion fold of hPSCs were found under these conditions, whereas the colony size was small and poor expansion fold was found solely on L-511-coated dishes. A small portion of L-511 in the culture medium supported hPSC adhesion and prevented the adhesion from being too strong on the uncoated dishes, and rVT in the culture medium further supported adhesion of hPSCs on the dishes by maintaining their pluripotency. Having the optimal composition of L-511 and rVT in the culture medium was important for generating good hPSC colony shapes and sizes as well as a high expansion fold. After long-term culture of hPSCs on uncoated dishes supplemented with the mixed proteins, the hPSCs successfully showed pluripotent markers and could differentiate into a specific lineage of cells, cardiomyocytes, with high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Chu Liu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd, Jhongli, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan.
| | - Lee-Kiat Ban
- Department of Surgery, Hsinchu Cathay General Hospital, No. 678, Sec 2, Zhonghua Rd, Hsinchu, 30060, Taiwan
| | - Henry Hsin-Chung Lee
- Department of Surgery, Hsinchu Cathay General Hospital, No. 678, Sec 2, Zhonghua Rd, Hsinchu, 30060, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Translational and Interdisciplinary Medicine, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd, Jhongli, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ting Lee
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd, Jhongli, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Tang Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd, Jhongli, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan.
| | - Yun-Ting Lin
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd, Jhongli, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan.
| | - Her-Young Su
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bobson Yuho Women and Children's Clinic, No. 182, Zhuangjing S. Rd, Zhubei City, Hsinchu 302, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Tien Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taiwan Landseed Hospital, 77, Kuangtai Road, Pingjen City, Taoyuan 32405, Taiwan
| | - Akon Higuchi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd, Jhongli, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan. .,R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
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8
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Spirk S, Palasingh C, Nypelö T. Current Opportunities and Challenges in Biopolymer Thin Film Analysis—Determination of Film Thickness. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2021.755446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer thin films with thickness below 100 nm are a fascinating class of 2D materials with commercial and research applications in many branches ranging from coatings to photoresists and insulating materials, to mention just a few uses. Biopolymers have extended the scope of polymer thin films with unique materials such as cellulose, cellulose nanocrystals, cellulose nanofibrils with tunable water uptake, crystallinity and optical properties. The key information needed in thin biopolymer film use and research is film thickness. It is often challenging to determine precisely and hence several techniques and their combinations are used. Additional challenges with hydrophilic biopolymers such as cellulose are the presence of humidity and the soft and often heterogenous structure of the films. This minireview summarizes currently used methods and techniques for biopolymer thin film thickness analysis and outlines challenges for accurate and reproducible characterization. Cellulose is chosen as the representative biopolymer.
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9
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Sung TC, Lu MW, Tian Z, Lee HHC, Pan J, Ling QD, Higuchi A. Poly(vinyl alcohol- co-itaconic acid) hydrogels grafted with several designed peptides for human pluripotent stem cell culture and differentiation into cardiomyocytes. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:7662-7673. [PMID: 34586153 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01555a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We developed poly(vinyl alcohol-co-itaconic acid) (PV) hydrogels grafted with laminin-derived peptides that had different joint segments and several specific designs, including dual chain motifs. PV hydrogels grafted with a peptide derived from laminin-β4 (PMQKMRGDVFSP) containing a joint segment, dual chain motif and cationic amino acid insertion could attach human pluripotent stem (hPS) cells and promoted high expansion folds in long-term culture (over 10 passages) with low differentiation rates, whereas hPS cells attached poorly on PV hydrogels grafted with laminin-α5 peptides that had joint segments with and without a cationic amino acid or on PV hydrogels grafted with laminin-β4 peptides containing the joint segment only. The inclusion of a cationic amino acid in the laminin-β4 peptide was critical for hPS cell attachment on PV hydrogels, which contributed to the zeta potential shifting to higher values (3-4 mV enhancement). The novel peptide segment-grafted PV hydrogels developed in this study supported hPS cell proliferation, which induced better hPS cell expansion than recombinant vitronectin-coated dishes (gold standard of hPS cell culture dishes) in xeno-free culture conditions. After long-term culture on peptide-grafted hydrogels, hPS cells could be induced to differentiate into specific lineages of cells, such as cardiomyocytes, with high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Cheng Sung
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
| | - Ming-Wei Lu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda RD., Jhongli, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan.
| | - Zeyu Tian
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
| | - Henry Hsin-Chung Lee
- Department of Surgery, Hsinchu Cathay General Hospital, No. 678, Sec 2, Zhonghua Rd., Hsinchu, 30060, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Translational and Interdisciplinary Medicine, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda RD., Jhongli, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Jiandong Pan
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
| | - Qing-Dong Ling
- Cathay Medical Research Institute, Cathay General Hospital, No. 32, Ln 160, Jian-Cheng Road, Hsi-Chi City, Taipei 221, Taiwan
| | - Akon Higuchi
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China. .,Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda RD., Jhongli, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan. .,R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan.,Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, Riken Cluster for Pioneering Research, Riken, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Department of Reproduction, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
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10
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Zhou X, Gong X, Cao W, Forman CJ, Oktawiec J, D'Alba L, Sun H, Thompson MP, Hu Z, Kapoor U, McCallum NC, Malliakas CD, Farha OK, Jayaraman A, Shawkey MD, Gianneschi NC. Anisotropic Synthetic Allomelanin Materials via Solid-State Polymerization of Self-Assembled 1,8-Dihydroxynaphthalene Dimers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:17464-17471. [PMID: 33913253 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Melanosomes in nature have diverse morphologies, including spheres, rods, and platelets. By contrast, shapes of synthetic melanins have been almost entirely limited to spherical nanoparticles with few exceptions produced by complex templated synthetic methods. Here, we report a non-templated method to access synthetic melanins with a variety of architectures including spheres, sheets, and platelets. Three 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene dimers (4-4', 2-4' and 2-2') were used as self-assembling synthons. These dimers pack to form well-defined structures of varying morphologies depending on the isomer. Specifically, distinctive ellipsoidal platelets can be obtained using 4-4' dimers. Solid-state polymerization of the preorganized dimers generates polymeric synthetic melanins while maintaining the initial particle morphologies. This work provides a new route to anisotropic synthetic melanins, where the building blocks are preorganized into specific shapes, followed by solid-state polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute of Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Xinyi Gong
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute of Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute of Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Christopher J Forman
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute of Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Julia Oktawiec
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute of Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Liliana D'Alba
- Department of Biology, Evolution and Optics of Nanostructures Group, University of Ghent, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute of Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Matthew P Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute of Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Ziying Hu
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute of Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Utkarsh Kapoor
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Colburn Laboratory, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Naneki C McCallum
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute of Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Christos D Malliakas
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute of Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Omar K Farha
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute of Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Arthi Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Colburn Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Matthew D Shawkey
- Department of Biology, Evolution and Optics of Nanostructures Group, University of Ghent, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute of Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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11
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Zhou X, Gong X, Cao W, Forman CJ, Oktawiec J, D'Alba L, Sun H, Thompson MP, Hu Z, Kapoor U, McCallum NC, Malliakas CD, Farha OK, Jayaraman A, Shawkey MD, Gianneschi NC. Anisotropic Synthetic Allomelanin Materials via Solid‐State Polymerization of Self‐Assembled 1,8‐Dihydroxynaphthalene Dimers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuhao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry International Institute of Nanotechnology Simpson-Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Xinyi Gong
- Department of Chemistry International Institute of Nanotechnology Simpson-Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Chemistry International Institute of Nanotechnology Simpson-Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Christopher J. Forman
- Department of Chemistry International Institute of Nanotechnology Simpson-Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Julia Oktawiec
- Department of Chemistry International Institute of Nanotechnology Simpson-Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Liliana D'Alba
- Department of Biology Evolution and Optics of Nanostructures Group University of Ghent 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Chemistry International Institute of Nanotechnology Simpson-Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Matthew P. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry International Institute of Nanotechnology Simpson-Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Ziying Hu
- Department of Chemistry International Institute of Nanotechnology Simpson-Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Utkarsh Kapoor
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Colburn Laboratory University of Delaware Newark DE 19716 USA
| | - Naneki C. McCallum
- Department of Chemistry International Institute of Nanotechnology Simpson-Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Christos D. Malliakas
- Department of Chemistry International Institute of Nanotechnology Simpson-Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Omar K. Farha
- Department of Chemistry International Institute of Nanotechnology Simpson-Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Arthi Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Colburn Laboratory Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Delaware Newark DE 19716 USA
| | - Matthew D. Shawkey
- Department of Biology Evolution and Optics of Nanostructures Group University of Ghent 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Nathan C. Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry International Institute of Nanotechnology Simpson-Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
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12
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Cao W, Zhou X, McCallum NC, Hu Z, Ni QZ, Kapoor U, Heil CM, Cay KS, Zand T, Mantanona AJ, Jayaraman A, Dhinojwala A, Deheyn DD, Shawkey MD, Burkart MD, Rinehart JD, Gianneschi NC. Unraveling the Structure and Function of Melanin through Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:2622-2637. [PMID: 33560127 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Melanin is ubiquitous in living organisms across different biological kingdoms of life, making it an important, natural biomaterial. Its presence in nature from microorganisms to higher animals and plants is attributed to the many functions of melanin, including pigmentation, radical scavenging, radiation protection, and thermal regulation. Generally, melanin is classified into five types-eumelanin, pheomelanin, neuromelanin, allomelanin, and pyomelanin-based on the various chemical precursors used in their biosynthesis. Despite its long history of study, the exact chemical makeup of melanin remains unclear, and it moreover has an inherent diversity and complexity of chemical structure, likely including many functions and properties that remain to be identified. Synthetic mimics have begun to play a broader role in unraveling structure and function relationships of natural melanins. In the past decade, polydopamine, which has served as the conventional form of synthetic eumelanin, has dominated the literature on melanin-based materials, while the synthetic analogues of other melanins have received far less attention. In this perspective, we will discuss the synthesis of melanin materials with a special focus beyond polydopamine. We will emphasize efforts to elucidate biosynthetic pathways and structural characterization approaches that can be harnessed to interrogate specific structure-function relationships, including electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) spectroscopy. We believe that this timely Perspective will introduce this class of biopolymer to the broader chemistry community, where we hope to stimulate new opportunities in novel, melanin-based poly-functional synthetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Qing Zhe Ni
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Utkarsh Kapoor
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Colburn Laboratory, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Christian M Heil
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Colburn Laboratory, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Kristine S Cay
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Tara Zand
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Alex J Mantanona
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Arthi Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Colburn Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Ali Dhinojwala
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Dimitri D Deheyn
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California 92093-0202, United States
| | - Matthew D Shawkey
- Evolution and Optics of Nanostructures Group, Department of Biology, The University of Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michael D Burkart
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jeffrey D Rinehart
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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13
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Cavallini C, Vitiello G, Adinolfi B, Silvestri B, Armanetti P, Manini P, Pezzella A, d’Ischia M, Luciani G, Menichetti L. Melanin and Melanin-Like Hybrid Materials in Regenerative Medicine. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1518. [PMID: 32756369 PMCID: PMC7466405 DOI: 10.3390/nano10081518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Melanins are a group of dark insoluble pigments found widespread in nature. In mammals, the brown-black eumelanins and the reddish-yellow pheomelanins are the main determinants of skin, hair, and eye pigmentation and play a significant role in photoprotection as well as in many biological functions ensuring homeostasis. Due to their broad-spectrum light absorption, radical scavenging, electric conductivity, and paramagnetic behavior, eumelanins are widely studied in the biomedical field. The continuing advancements in the development of biomimetic design strategies offer novel opportunities toward specifically engineered multifunctional biomaterials for regenerative medicine. Melanin and melanin-like coatings have been shown to increase cell attachment and proliferation on different substrates and to promote and ameliorate skin, bone, and nerve defect healing in several in vivo models. Herein, the state of the art and future perspectives of melanins as promising bioinspired platforms for natural regeneration processes are highlighted and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cavallini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (P.A.); (L.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Vitiello
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering (DICMaPI), University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale V. Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy; (G.V.); (B.S.)
| | - Barbara Adinolfi
- Institute of Applied Physics “Nello Carrara”, National Research Council, via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy;
| | - Brigida Silvestri
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering (DICMaPI), University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale V. Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy; (G.V.); (B.S.)
| | - Paolo Armanetti
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (P.A.); (L.M.)
| | - Paola Manini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cintia 21, I-80126 Napoli, Italy; (P.M.); (A.P.); (M.d.)
| | - Alessandro Pezzella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cintia 21, I-80126 Napoli, Italy; (P.M.); (A.P.); (M.d.)
| | - Marco d’Ischia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cintia 21, I-80126 Napoli, Italy; (P.M.); (A.P.); (M.d.)
| | - Giuseppina Luciani
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering (DICMaPI), University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale V. Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy; (G.V.); (B.S.)
| | - Luca Menichetti
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (P.A.); (L.M.)
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14
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Manini P, Lino V, D'Errico G, Reale S, Napolitano A, De Angelis F, d'Ischia M. “Blackness” is an index of redox complexity in melanin polymers. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00700e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Blackness as an emergent property associated with redox disorder and π-electron complexity in melanin polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Manini
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Napoli Federico II
- Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo
- Napoli
- Italy
| | - Valeria Lino
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Napoli Federico II
- Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo
- Napoli
- Italy
| | - Gerardino D'Errico
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Napoli Federico II
- Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo
- Napoli
- Italy
| | - Samantha Reale
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences
- University of L'Aquila
- L'Aquila
- Italy
| | - Alessandra Napolitano
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Napoli Federico II
- Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo
- Napoli
- Italy
| | | | - Marco d'Ischia
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Napoli Federico II
- Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo
- Napoli
- Italy
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