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Yang X, Zhang Z, Xia H, Sun P, Pang T, Wu B, Liu X, Guo Q. Re-injection off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy for the simultaneous detection of N 2O, H 2O and CO with a mid-infrared QCL laser. Analyst 2024; 149:909-916. [PMID: 38189476 DOI: 10.1039/d3an02116e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (OA-ICOS) has attracted much interest because it potentially allows highly sensitive field measurements with robust optical alignment. In this paper, a novel instrument that employs a high-finesse optical cavity as an absorption cell has been developed for sensitive measurements of multi-component gases N2O, H2O and CO in the atmosphere based on a mid-infrared quantum cascade laser (QCL) and OA-ICOS. In order to improve the energy utilization and increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the signal, a new type of optical path structure of the laser re-injection method is adopted. Furthermore, the system performance can be effectively improved by using a new intervention method of injecting radio frequency (RF) white noise into a laser driver to suppress cavity mode noise and combining the wavelength modulation method (WMS). We compared the sensitivity of the second harmonic signal demodulation between the re-injection method and the standard OA-ICOS, and the SNR increased by 2.68 times compared to the latter. Analysis of the spectral measurements with Allan variance indicates that within an integration time of 1 s, the measurement accuracy of N2O, H2O, and CO is 6.71 ppb, 13.945 ppm, and 1.81 ppb, respectively, and within an integration time of 820 s, the measurement accuracy of N2O, H2O, and CO can be further improved to 1.26 ppb, 2.089 ppm, and 172 ppt, respectively. Our approach represents an underlying analytical method that provides guidelines for monitoring of representative gases in the atmosphere, industrial processes, emergency safety, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Materials, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China.
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Materials, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China.
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
- Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, 230037, China
| | - Hua Xia
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Materials, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China.
| | - Pengshuai Sun
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Materials, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China.
| | - Tao Pang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Materials, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China.
| | - Bian Wu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Materials, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China.
| | - Xu Liu
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Bengbu University, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Materials, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China.
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Du Y, Liu N, Wu X, Liu K, Li J. Frequency division multiplexing and wavelength stabilized 2f/1f wavelength modulation spectroscopy for simultaneous trace CH 4 and CO 2 detection. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 305:123453. [PMID: 37804704 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
A near-infrared (NIR) dual-gas sensor has been developed for simultaneous detection of atmospheric trace methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2). To realize high sensitivity and high precision, wavelength modulation spectroscopy with 2f/1f (WMS-2f/1f) detection method was adopted for eliminating laser light intensity fluctuation, and laser wavelength locking strategy based on a self-developed proportion integration differentiation (PID) algorithm was used for suppressing laser wavelength shifting effect. Two fiber-coupled DFB diode lasers with central wavelengths near 1653.7 nm and 1579.6 nm are applied for simultaneously measuring CH4 and CO2 spectra, respectively, and frequency division multiplexing (FDM) technique is employed to resolve the potential crosstalk effect. Real-time measurement of ambient atmospheric trace CH4 and CO2 was performed to demonstrate the long-term stability of the sensor system. Allan deviation analysis indicates that detection sensitivity of 0.1 ppm for CH4 and 2.27 ppm for CO2 was achieved with a 1 s average time, which can be further improved to 18 ppb and 0.3 ppm with the optimal integration time of 462 s and 392 s, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Du
- Laser Spectroscopy and Sensing Laboratory, Anhui University, 230601 Hefei, China
| | - Ningwu Liu
- Advanced Laser Diagnostics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077 Hong Kong, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laser Spectroscopy and Sensing Laboratory, Anhui University, 230601 Hefei, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Information Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jingsong Li
- Laser Spectroscopy and Sensing Laboratory, Anhui University, 230601 Hefei, China.
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Li Y, Lu Y, Zheng C, Yang S, Zheng K, Song F, Li C, Ye W, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Tittel FK. Development of a mid-infrared sensor system for early fire identification in cotton harvesting operations. Analyst 2022; 148:74-84. [PMID: 36444614 DOI: 10.1039/d2an01523d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
To realize early fire identification in cotton harvesting operations, a mid-infrared carbon monoxide (CO) sensor system was developed. To match the broadband light source with a 15° divergence angle, a multipass gas cell (MPGC) with an effective path length of 180 cm was designed to improve sensor sensitivity, leading to a limit of detection (LoD) of 0.83 parts-per-million by volume (ppmv). A damping module with springs at the bottom and front/back sides was fabricated, which can effectively reduce the vibration intensity by >80%. The sensor system can operate normally from -40 °C to 85 °C by stabilizing the temperature of the optical module through heating or cooling as well as using automotive electronic components. An adaptive early fire identification algorithm based on a dual-parameter threshold alarming method was proposed to avoid false and missing alarms. Field deployments on a harvester verified the good practicability of the sensor system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Yang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Chuantao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Shuo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Kaiyuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Fang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Chunguang Li
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China.
| | - Weilin Ye
- College of Engineering, Shantou University, 243 Daxue Road, Shantou, 515063, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Yiding Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Frank K Tittel
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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Sun J, Chang J, Zhang Q, Wang F, Zhang Z, Fan Y, Tian L. Recovery integral absorbance method in the full concentration range to eliminate the interference of background gas. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 267:120553. [PMID: 34742147 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
At present, gas sensors are extremely susceptible to interference from background gases in the field environment, which leads to greatly reduced accuracy. For this reason, we propose an improved method of recovering integral absorbance (IA) using Y component of first harmonic to achieve accurate prediction of the full range of concentration (not reaching absorption saturation). This approach can eliminate the interference of background gas at a low modulation depth (m < 0.25). When the background gas is pure nitrogen and a mixture of nitrogen and carbon dioxide, the recovery effect of this method on methane is both close to the theoretical value when the background gas is air. The linear fitting coefficients for the methane concentration range of 2000-7000 ppm are all greater than 0.999. The prediction effect is satisfactory regardless of the background gas, with a relative error of less than 1%. In summary, this method has considerable application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Sun
- School of Information Science and Engineering and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Application, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jun Chang
- School of Information Science and Engineering and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Application, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Qinduan Zhang
- School of Information Science and Engineering and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Application, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Fupeng Wang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zhifeng Zhang
- School of Information Science and Engineering and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Application, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yongmei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Laser and Infrared System Integration Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Linbo Tian
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Laser and Infrared System Integration Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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Dang J, Zhang J, Dong X, Kong L, Yu H. A trace CH 4 detection system based on DAS calibrated WMS technique. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 266:120418. [PMID: 34600325 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report the development of a compact near-infrared (NIR) laser-based trace methane (CH4) detection system. This detection system relied on a 2334 nm distributed feedback (DFB) fiber laser as the light source. A parallel dense light-spot pattern multipass gas cell (MGC) with 41.5 m effective absorption path length was utilized to improve the system sensitivity. A self-calibration approach based on direct absorption spectroscopy (DAS) calibrated wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) technique was employed to solve the problem of extra concentration calibration requirement in traditional WMS technique, and to improve the accuracy and stability of the system. According to the Allan deviation analysis, 1-s measurement precision of 0.61 ppmv for DAS and 0.16 ppmv for WMS was obtained, which could be further reduced to 0.11 ppmv for DAS and 0.03 ppmv for WMS by averaging up to 80 s and 50 s, respectively. A week-long continuous atmospheric CH4 concentration measurement was also carried out to demonstrate the long-term performance of our CH4 detection system. With a fast dynamic response characteristics, high-accuracy and high-sensitivity, the proposed detection system is suitable for CH4 measurement in many fields such as atmospheric chemistry analyzation, industrial safety monitoring, agricultural information acquisition, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmin Dang
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Junhe Zhang
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Xinju Dong
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Lijuan Kong
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, PR China.
| | - Haiye Yu
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, PR China
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