Electrokinetic elucidation of the interactions between persistent luminescent nanoprobes and the binary apolipoprotein-E/albumin protein system

Determination of physicochemical parameters of (bio)molecules and (bio)particles by capillary electromigration methods

The review provides an overview of recent developments and applications of capillary electromigration (CE) methods for the determination of important physicochemical parameters of various (bio)molecules and (bio)particles. These parameters include actual and limiting (absolute) ionic mobilities, effective electrophoretic mobilities, effective charges, isoelectric points, electrokinetic potentials, hydrodynamic radii, diffusion coefficients, relative molecular masses, acidity (ionization) constants, binding constants and stoichiometry of (bio)molecular complexes, changes of Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy and rate constants of chemical reactions and interactions, retention factors and partition and distribution coefficients. For the determination of these parameters, the following CE methods are employed: zone electrophoresis in a free solution or in sieving media, isotachophoresis, isoelectric focusing, affinity electrophoresis, electrokinetic chromatography, and electrochromatography. In the individual sections, the procedures for the determination of the above parameters by the particular CE methods are described.

Gold Nanoparticles Based Optical Biosensors for Cancer Biomarker Proteins: A Review of the Current Practices

Cancer prognosis depends on the early detection of the disease. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have attracted much importance in biomedical research due to their distinctive optical properties. The AuNPs are easy to fabricate, biocompatible, surface controlled, stable, and have surface plasmonic properties. The AuNPs based optical biosensors can intensely improve the sensitivity, specificity, resolution, penetration depth, contrast, and speed of these devices. The key optical features of the AuNPs based biosensors include localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), SERS, and luminescence. AuNPs based biomarkers have the potential to sense the protein biomarkers at a low detection level. In this review, the fabrication techniques of the AuNPs have been reviewed. The optical biosensors based on LSPR, SERS, and luminescence are also evaluated. The application of these biosensors for cancer protein detection is discussed. Distinct examples of cancer research that have a substantial impact on both scientific and clinical research are presented.