Development of laser ablation dielectric barrier discharge optical emission spectrometry (LA-DBD-OES) for direct determination of sulphur and chloride in the condensed phase and its application in pharmaceutical analysis

Array Point Discharge as Enhanced Tandem Excitation Source for Miniaturized Optical Emission Spectrometer

A new compact tandem excitation source was designed and constructed by using an array point discharge (ArrPD) microplasma for a miniaturized optical emission spectrometer through coupling a hydride generation (HG) unit as a sample introduction device. Three pairs of point discharges were arranged in sequence in a narrow discharge chamber to construct the ArrPD microplasma, for improved excitation capability owing to the serial excitation. Besides, the discharge plasma region was greatly enlarged, therefore, more gaseous analytes could be intercepted to enter into the microplasma for sufficient excitation, for improved excitation efficiency and OES signal. To better understand the effectiveness of the proposed ArrPD source, a new instrument for simultaneous detection of atomic emission and absorption spectral responses was also proposed, designed, and constructed to reveal the excitation and enhancement process in the discharge chamber. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection (LODs) of As, Ge, Hg, Pb, Sb, Se, and Sn were 0.7, 0.4, 0.05, 0.7, 0.3, 2, and 0.08 μg L^-1, respectively, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were all less than 4%. Compared with a commonly used single point discharge microplasma source, the analytical sensitivities of these seven elements were improved by 3-6-fold. Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) were successfully analyzed with this miniaturized spectrometer, which features low power, compactness, portability, and high detectability, and is thereby a great prospect in the field of elemental analytical chemistry.