Single-step microwave synthesis of a novel ternary nanocomposite as an efficient luminophore and boron nitride quantum dots as a new coreactant for a cathodic ECL monitoring of chlorpyrifos

A new plant-esterase inhibition based electrochemical sensor with signal amplification by MoS2@N-CDs for chlorpyrifos detection

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is the most common pesticide entering the food chain and posing a threat to human health. This study presents a new electrochemical biosensor based on molybdenum disulfide nanosheets and nitrogen-doped carbon dot nanocomposite (MoS2@N-CDs) and kidney bean esterase (KdBE), and it is shown to achieve accurate detection of CPF. MoS2@N-CDs were prepared by a facile solvothermal method and characterized by electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Electrochemical characterization confirmed that MoS2@N-CDs facilitated electron transfer and increased the electroactive surface area of the electrode, thereby improved the sensing performance of the electrode. The oxidation peak current of 1-naphthol, which was produced by the hydrolysis of 1-naphthyl acetate catalyzed by KdBE, was adopted as the signal of the sensor. CPF can suppress KdBE activity and consequently cause a decrease in the sensing signal. The experimental results show that the variation of sensing signal is a reliable index to evaluate the CPF level. Under the optimized conditions, the developed enzyme sensor showed superior CPF assay performance with a linear detection range as wide as 0.01-500 μg L-1 and LOD as low as 3.5 × 10-3 μg L-1 (S/N = 3). The inter- and intra-batch RSDs for electrode testing were 4.02% and 2.69%, respectively. Moreover, the developed biosensor also showed good stability and anti-interference. The spiked recoveries of CPF in oilseed rape and cabbage ranged from 98.09% to 106.01% with low relative standard deviation (RSD) (<5.23%), suggesting that the sensor is a promising tool to enable simple, low-cost but highly sensitive large-scale screening of CPF residues in food.

Newly Developed Electrochemiluminescence Based on Bipolar Electrochemistry for Multiplex Biosensing Applications: A Consolidated Review

Recently, there has been an upsurge in the extent to which electrochemiluminescence (ECL) working in synergy with bipolar electrochemistry (BPE) is being applied in simple biosensing devices, especially in a clinical setup. The key objective of this particular write-up is to present a consolidated review of ECL-BPE, providing a three-dimensional perspective incorporating its strengths, weaknesses, limitations, and potential applications as a biosensing technique. The review encapsulates critical insights into the latest and novel developments in the field of ECL-BPE, including innovative electrode designs and newly developed, novel luminophores and co-reactants employed in ECL-BPE systems, along with challenges, such as optimization of the interelectrode distance, electrode miniaturization and electrode surface modification for enhancing sensitivity and selectivity. Moreover, this consolidated review will provide an overview of the latest, novel applications and advances made in this field with a bias toward multiplex biosensing based on the past five years of research. The studies reviewed herein, indicate that the technology is rapidly advancing at an outstanding purse and has an immense potential to revolutionize the general field of biosensing. This perspective aims to stimulate innovative ideas and inspire researchers alike to incorporate some elements of ECL-BPE into their studies, thereby steering this field into previously unexplored domains that may lead to unexpected, interesting discoveries. For instance, the application of ECL-BPE in other challenging and complex sample matrices such as hair for bioanalytical purposes is currently an unexplored area. Of great significance, a substantial fraction of the content in this review article is based on content from research articles published between the years 2018 and 2023.