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Mostafavi M, Ghazi F, Mehrabifard M, Alivirdiloo V, Hajiabbasi M, Rahimi F, Mobed A, Taheripak G, Ramezani Farani M, Huh YS, Bakhtiyari S, Alipourfard I. State-of-the-art application of nanoparticles in radiotherapy: a platform for synergistic effects in cancer treatment. Strahlenther Onkol 2024:10.1007/s00066-024-02301-y. [PMID: 39367110 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-024-02301-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024]
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is a gold standard cancer treatment worldwide. However, RT has limitations and many side effects. Nanoparticles (NPs) have exclusive properties that allow them to be used in cancer therapy. Consequently, the combination of NP and RT opens up a new frontier in cancer treatment. Among NPs, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are the most extensively studied and are considered ideal radiosensitizers for radiotherapy due to their unique physicochemical properties and high X‑ray absorption. This review analyzes the various roles of NPs as radiosensitizers in radiotherapy of glioblastoma (GBS), prostate cancer, and breast cancer and summarizes recent advances. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms of NP radiosensitization, including physical, chemical, and biological mechanisms, are discussed, which may provide new directions for next-generation GNP optimization and clinical transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Mostafavi
- Faculty of Allied Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhood Ghazi
- Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Vahid Alivirdiloo
- Ramsar Campus, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Ramsar, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Rahimi
- Division of Clinical Laboratory, Zahra Mardani Azar Children Training Research and Treatment Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Mobed
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Taheripak
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Ramezani Farani
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, Korea (Republic of)
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, Korea (Republic of)
| | - Salar Bakhtiyari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Iraj Alipourfard
- Iraj Alipourfard, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Marcina Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland.
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Chen Z, Zhou X, Wu B, Tang H, Wei W, Zhu D, Ding Y, Chen L. Personalized SO 2 Prodrug for pH-Triggered Gas Enhancement in Anti-Tumor Radio-Immunotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:833. [PMID: 38931953 PMCID: PMC11207922 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of the immune response in the tumor microenvironment by therapy regimens can impede the eradication of tumors, potentially resulting in tumor metastasis. As a non-invasive therapeutic method, radiotherapy is utilized for tumor ablation. In this study, we aimed to improve the therapeutic impact of radiotherapy and trigger an immune response by formulating a benzothiazole sulfinate (BTS)-loaded fusion liposome (BFL) nanoplatform, which was then combined with radiotherapy for anti-cancer treatment. The platelet cell membrane, equipped with distinctive surface receptors, enables BFL to effectively target tumors while evading the immune system and adhering to tumor cells. This facilitates BFL's engulfment by cancer cells, subsequently releasing BTS within them. Following the release, the BTS produces sulfur dioxide (SO2) for gas therapy, initiating the oxidation of intracellular glutathione (GSH). This process demonstrates efficacy in repairing damage post-radiotherapy, thereby achieving effective radiosensitization. It was revealed that an immune response was triggered following the enhanced radiosensitization facilitated by BFL. This approach facilitated the maturation of dendritic cell (DC) within lymph nodes, leading to an increase in the proportion of T cells in distant tumors. This resulted in significant eradication of primary tumors and inhibition of growth in distant tumors. In summary, the integration of personalized BFL with radiotherapy shows potential in enhancing both tumor immune response and the elimination of tumors, including metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiran Chen
- The Yancheng School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Yancheng Third People’s Hospital, Yancheng 224051, China; (Z.C.); (X.Z.); (B.W.)
| | - Xiaoxiang Zhou
- The Yancheng School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Yancheng Third People’s Hospital, Yancheng 224051, China; (Z.C.); (X.Z.); (B.W.)
| | - Bo Wu
- The Yancheng School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Yancheng Third People’s Hospital, Yancheng 224051, China; (Z.C.); (X.Z.); (B.W.)
| | - Han Tang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China;
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, TongJi Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China;
| | - Daoming Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China;
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, TongJi Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China;
| | - Longyun Chen
- The Yancheng School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Yancheng Third People’s Hospital, Yancheng 224051, China; (Z.C.); (X.Z.); (B.W.)
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Shahbazi-Gahrouei D, Choghazardi Y, Kazemzadeh A, Naseri P, Shahbazi-Gahrouei S. A review of bismuth-based nanoparticles and their applications in radiosensitising and dose enhancement for cancer radiation therapy. IET Nanobiotechnol 2023. [PMID: 37139612 DOI: 10.1049/nbt2.12134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
About 50% of cancer patients receive radiation therapy. Despite the therapeutic benefits of this method, the toxicity of radiation in the normal tissues is unavoidable To improve the quality of radiation therapy, in addition to other methods such as IMRT, IGRT, and high radiation dose, nanoparticles have shown excellent potential when ionising radiation is applied to the target volume. Recently, bismuth-based nanoparticles (BiNPs) have become particularly popular in radiation therapy due to their high atomic numbers (Z), high X-ray attenuation coefficient, low toxicity, and low cost. Moreover, it is easy to synthesise in a variety of sizes and shapes. This study aimed to review the effects of the bismuth-based NP and its combination with other compounds, and their potential synergies in radiotherapy, discussed based on their physical, chemical, and biological interactions. Targeted and non-targeted bismuth-based NPs used in radiotherapy as radiosensitizers and dose enhancement effects are described. The results reported in the literature were categorised into various groups. Also, this review has highlighted the importance of bismuth-based NPs in different forms of cancer treatment to find the highest efficiency for applying them as a suitable candidate for various cancer therapy and future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryoush Shahbazi-Gahrouei
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Yazdan Choghazardi
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Arezoo Kazemzadeh
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Paria Naseri
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Haque M, Shakil MS, Mahmud KM. The Promise of Nanoparticles-Based Radiotherapy in Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061892. [PMID: 36980778 PMCID: PMC10047050 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation has been utilized for a long time for the treatment of cancer patients. However, radiotherapy (RT) has many constraints, among which non-selectivity is the primary one. The implementation of nanoparticles (NPs) with RT not only localizes radiation in targeted tissue but also provides significant tumoricidal effect(s) compared to radiation alone. NPs can be functionalized with both biomolecules and therapeutic agents, and their combination significantly reduces the side effects of RT. NP-based RT destroys cancer cells through multiple mechanisms, including ROS generation, which in turn damages DNA and other cellular organelles, inhibiting of the DNA double-strand damage-repair system, obstructing of the cell cycle, regulating of the tumor microenvironment, and killing of cancer stem cells. Furthermore, such combined treatments overcome radioresistance and drug resistance to chemotherapy. Additionally, NP-based RT in combined treatments have shown synergistic therapeutic benefit(s) and enhanced the therapeutic window. Furthermore, a combination of phototherapy, i.e., photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy with NP-based RT, not only reduces phototoxicity but also offers excellent therapeutic benefits. Moreover, using NPs with RT has shown promise in cancer treatment and shown excellent therapeutic outcomes in clinical trials. Therefore, extensive research in this field will pave the way toward improved RT in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munima Haque
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, BRAC University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Salman Shakil
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, BRAC University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Mustafa Mahmud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
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Varzandeh M, Labbaf S, Varshosaz J, Laurent S. An overview of the intracellular localization of high-Z nanoradiosensitizers. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 175:14-30. [PMID: 36029849 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) is a method commonly used for cancer treatment worldwide. Commonly, RT utilizes two routes for combating cancers: 1) high-energy radiation to generate toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) (through the dissociation of water molecules) for damaging the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) inside the nucleus 2) direct degradation of the DNA. However, cancer cells have mechanisms to survive under intense RT, which can considerably decrease its therapeutic efficacy. Excessive radiation energy damages healthy tissues, and hence, low doses are applied for cancer treatment. Additionally, different radiosensitizers were used to sensitize cancer cells towards RT through individual mechanisms. Following this route, nanoparticle-based radiosensitizers (herein called nanoradiosensitizers) have recently gained attention owing to their ability to produce massive electrons which leads to the production of a huge amount of ROS. The success of the nanoradiosensitizer effect is closely correlated to its interaction with cells and its localization within the cells. In other words, tumor treatment is affected from the chain of events which is started from cell-nanoparticle interaction followed by the nanoparticles direction and homing inside the cell. Therefore, passive or active targeting of the nanoradiosensitizers in the subcellular level and the cell-nano interaction would determine the efficacy of the radiation therapy. The importance of the nanoradiosensitizer's targeting is increased while the organelles beyond nucleus are recently recognized as the mediators of the cancer cell death or resistance under RT. In this review, the principals of cell-nanomaterial interactions and which dominate nanoradiosensitizer efficiency in cancer therapy, are thoroughly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Varzandeh
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Sheyda Labbaf
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Jaleh Varshosaz
- Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Center and Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Sophie Laurent
- Laboratory of NMR and Molecular Imaging, Department of General, Organic Chemistry and Biomedical, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium.
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Li R, Zhao W, Wu T, Wang A, Li Q, Liu Y, Xiong H. Tantalum-carbon-integrated nanozymes as a nano-radiosensitizer for radiotherapy enhancement. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1042646. [DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1042646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) plays a pivotal role in the comprehensive treatment of multiple malignant tumors, exerting its anti-tumor effects through direct induction of double-strand breaks (DSBs) or indirect induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. However, RT resistance remains a therapeutic obstacle that leads to cancer recurrence and treatment failure. In this study, we synthesised a tantalum-carbon-integrated nanozyme with excellent catalase-like (CAT-like) activity and radiosensitivity by immobilising an ultrasmall tantalum nanozyme into a metal-organic framework (MOF)-derived carbon nanozyme through in situ reduction. The integrated tantalum nanozyme significantly increased the CAT activity of the carbon nanozyme, which promoted the production of more oxygen and increased the ROS levels. By improving hypoxia and increasing the level of ROS, more DNA DSBs occur at the cellular level, which, in turn, improves the sensitivity of RT. Moreover, tantalum–carbon-integrated nanozymes combined with RT have demonstrated notable anti-tumor activity in vivo. Therefore, exploiting the enzymatic activity and the effect of ROS amplification of this nanozyme has the potential to overcome resistance to RT, which may offer new horizons for nanozyme-based remedies for biomedical applications.
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Xiao X, Wang Y, Chen J, Qin P, Chen P, Zhou D, Pan Y. Self-targeting platinum(IV) amphiphilic prodrug nano-assembly as radiosensitizer for synergistic and safe chemoradiotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomaterials 2022; 289:121793. [PMID: 36126545 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemoradiotherapy is a widely used treatment for patients with malignancies such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, it remains challenging to realize safe and synergistic chemotherapy and radiation sensitization. Herein, we design a self-targeting nano-assembly (STNA) based on platinum(IV)-lactose amphiphilic prodrug for synergistic and safe chemoradiotherapy of HCC. The Pt STNA would improve the tumor accumulation due to the targeting ability of lactose to HCC cells. After receptor-mediated endocytosis, Pt STNA would release cisplatin(II) in cancer cells to form DNA-binding, thus inducing DNA damage and cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, the DNA-binding also causes cell cycle arrest in the radiation-sensitive G2/M phase by the up-regulation of phosphorylated checkpoint kinase 1 (p-Chk1) expression. Furthermore, under X-ray irradiation, Pt STNA as radiosensitizer possesses a strong X-ray attenuation ability to deposit more energy, thus elevating the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to amplify the cell-killing effect of radiotherapy in the G2/M phase with increased DNA damage. As a result, Pt STNA exhibits significant synergistic therapeutic effects in chemoradiotherapy with no adverse effects in vitro and in vivo. Overall, we present a novel self-targeting nano-assembly strategy based on widely used Pt drugs for synergistic chemotherapy and radiation sensitization of HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China
| | - Yupeng Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China; Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, PR China
| | - Jieyao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China
| | - Peng Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China
| | - Peiyao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China
| | - Dongfang Zhou
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China; Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, PR China.
| | - Yue Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China.
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Xie A, Li H, Hao Y, Zhang Y. Tuning the Toxicity of Reactive Oxygen Species into Advanced Tumor Therapy. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2021; 16:142. [PMID: 34518937 PMCID: PMC8438097 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-021-03599-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The biological functions and toxic effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generally entangled. A large amount of ROS may cause oxidative damage to cell biomolecules, leading to cell death. Tumor treatment can be carried out by using the toxicity of ROS, and various nanosystems related to ROS have been designed. In fact, the level of active oxygen in the biological microenvironment can be regulated in advanced therapeutics via designed nanoscale engineering, which can open up a new direction of treatment with specific simplicity. In this progress report, the authors first introduced how ROS causes cell death. Then, recent studies on converting the inherent toxicity from ROS into advanced treatment tools are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230000 Anhui China
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230000 Anhui China
| | - He Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Yumei Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Yujia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050 China
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