1
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Yan B, Li Y, He S. Aptamer-mediated therapeutic strategies provide a potential approach for cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 136:112356. [PMID: 38820957 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
The treatment of tumors still faces considerable challenges. While conventional treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy provide some curative effects, their side effects and limitations highlight the importance of finding more precise treatment strategies. Aptamers have become an important target molecule in the field of drug delivery systems due to their good affinity and targeting, and they have gradually become an important link from basic research to clinical application. In this paper, we discussed the latest progress of aptamer-mediated nanodrugs, as well as aptamer-mediated photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, and immunotherapy strategies for tumor treatment, and explored the possibility of aptamer-mediated therapy for accurate tumor treatment. The purpose of this review is to provide novel insights for treating tumors with aptamer-mediated therapies by summarizing these innovative strategies, thereby ultimately enhancing the therapeutic efficacy for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingshuo Yan
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Li
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiming He
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People's Republic of China.
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2
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El-Kadi RA, AbdelKader NF, Zaki HF, Kamel AS. Influence of β-catenin signaling on neurogenesis in neuropsychiatric disorders: Anxiety and depression. Drug Dev Res 2024; 85:e22157. [PMID: 38349261 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
It has been proven that stress, mainly in the early years of life, can lead to anxiety and mood problems. Current treatments for psychiatric disorders are not enough, and some of them show intolerable side effects, emphasizing the urgent need for new treatment targets. Hence, a better understanding of the different brain networks, which are involved in the response to anxiety and depression, may evoke treatments with more specific targets. One of these targets is β-catenin that regulates brain circuits. β-Catenin has a dual response toward stress, which may influence coping or vulnerability to stress response. Indeed, β-catenin signaling involves several processes such as inflammation-directed brain repair, inflammation-induced brain damage, and neurogenesis. Interestingly, β-catenin reduction is accompanied by low neurogenesis, which leads to anxiety and depression. However, in another state, this reduction activates a compensatory mechanism that enhances neurogenesis to protect against depression but may precipitate anxiety. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanism of β-catenin could enhance our knowledge about anxiety and depression's pathophysiology, potentially improving clinical results by targeting it. Herein, the different states of β-catenin were discussed, shedding light on possible drugs that showed action on psychiatric disorders through β-catenin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Noha F AbdelKader
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala F Zaki
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Kamel
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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3
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Jiang X, Wang S, Liang Q, Liu Y, Liu L. Unraveling the multifaceted role of EpCAM in colorectal cancer: an integrated review of its function and interplay with non-coding RNAs. Med Oncol 2023; 41:35. [PMID: 38151631 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02273-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a critical glycoprotein involved in cell cycle progression, proliferation, differentiation, migration, and immune evasion. Its role as a target for bispecific antibodies has shown promise in annihilating cancer cells. EpCAM's potential as a biomarker for tumor-initiating cells, characterized by self-renewal and tumorigenic capabilities, underscores its value in early cancer detection, immunotherapy, and targeted drug delivery. While EpCAM monotherapies have been met with limited success, bispecific antibodies targeting both EpCAM and other proteins have exhibited encouraging results in colorectal cancer (CRC) research. The integration of EpCAM-directed nanotechnology in drug delivery systems has emerged as a pivotal innovation in CRC treatment. Moreover, developing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell and CAR natural killer (NK) cell therapies opens promising therapeutic avenues for EpCAM-positive CRC patients. Although preliminary, this review sets the stage for future advances. Additionally, this study advances our understanding of the role of non-coding RNAs in CRC, which may be pivotal in gene regulation and could provide insights into the molecular underpinning. The findings suggest that lncRNA, miRNA, and circRNA could serve as novel therapeutic targets or biomarkers, further enriching the landscape of CRC diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Sumeng Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Liang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqian Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lingxiang Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Jianbo Z, Jun W, Xuanlin W, Hui C. Coupling fermentation of glutamic acid and γ-polyglutamic acid and preparation of poly(amino acid) superabsorbent polymers. BMC Biotechnol 2023; 23:47. [PMID: 37907900 PMCID: PMC10617152 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-023-00819-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a biomarker that can be directly obtained by microbial fermentation. Poly(amino acid) superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) were prepared with purified γ-PGA as raw material and ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDGE) as a cross-linking agent. However, γ-PGA fermentation broth has a high viscosity, requires complex extraction and separation processes, and entails high energy consumption, resulting in the high cost of poly (amino acid) SAPs. Therefore, the coupling fermentation processes of glutamate polyglutamic acid, the process of using glutamate fermentation broth instead of pure glutamate powder for fermentation, and the process of treating the fermentation broth under conditions of centrifugation, UV irradiation, and high temperature, were studied. The results showed that the yield of γ-PGA after centrifugation decreased by 5%, but it did not affect the synthesis of hydrogels, and the addition of γ-PGA fermentation broth had a significant effect on the performance of γ-PGA-co-PASP SAPs. The proposed method not only helps avoid the separation of complex γ-PGA fermentation broth and reduces the cost, but it also helps improve the performance of the super-absorbent resin, which has great application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Jianbo
- Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Resources Utilization in South Xinjiang of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tarim University, No.1487 Tarim East Avenue, Alar, Xinjiang, 843300, PR China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No.15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, PR China.
| | - Wei Jun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No.15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Wang Xuanlin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No.15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Cao Hui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No.15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, PR China.
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5
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Pan Q, Fan X, Xie L, Wu D, Liu R, Gao W, Luo K, He B, Pu Y. Nano-enabled colorectal cancer therapy. J Control Release 2023; 362:548-564. [PMID: 37683732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), one of the most common and deadliest diseases worldwide, poses a great health threat and social burden. The clinical treatments of CRC encompassing surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy are challenged with toxicity, therapy resistance, and recurrence. In the past two decades, targeted therapy and immunotherapy have greatly improved the therapeutic benefits of CRC patients but they still suffer from drug resistance and low response rates. Very recently, gut microbiota regulation has exhibited a great potential in preventing and treating CRC, as well as in modulating the efficacy and toxicity of chemotherapy and immunotherapy. In this review, we provide a cutting-edge summary of nanomedicine-based treatment in colorectal cancer, highlighting the recent progress of oral and systemic tumor-targeting and/or tumor-activatable drug delivery systems as well as novel therapeutic strategies against CRC, including nano-sensitizing immunotherapy, anti-inflammation, gut microbiota modulation therapy, etc. Finally, the recent endeavors to address therapy resistance, metastasis, and recurrence in CRC were discussed. We hope this review could offer insight into the design and development of nanomedicines for CRC and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Pan
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Xi Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Li Xie
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Di Wu
- Meat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Rong Liu
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
| | - Wenxia Gao
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Kui Luo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bin He
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yuji Pu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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6
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P U A, Raj G, John J, Mohan K M, John F, George J. Aptamers: Features, Synthesis and Applications. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202301008. [PMID: 37709723 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Aptamers have become a topic of interest among the researchers and scientists since they not only possess all of the benefits of antibodies but also possess special qualities including heat stability, low cost, and limitless uses⋅ Here we give a review about the features, applications, and challenges of aptamers and also how they are beneficial over the antibodies for biomedical applications. Their unique features make aptamers a prominent tool in therapeutics, diagnostics, biosensors and targeted drug delivery. In conclusion, aptamers represent exciting materials for a variety of applications and can be modified to improve their properties and to extend their applications in biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiswarya P U
- Bio-organic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sacred Heart College, Kochi, 682013, India
| | - Gopika Raj
- Bio-organic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sacred Heart College, Kochi, 682013, India
| | - Jinju John
- Bio-organic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sacred Heart College, Kochi, 682013, India
| | - Malavika Mohan K
- Bio-organic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sacred Heart College, Kochi, 682013, India
| | - Franklin John
- Bio-organic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sacred Heart College, Kochi, 682013, India
| | - Jinu George
- Bio-organic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sacred Heart College, Kochi, 682013, India
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7
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Zhou M, Cui R, Luo Z, Cong Z, Shao N, Yuan L, Gu J, He H, Liu R. Convenient and Controllable Synthesis of Poly(2-oxazoline)-Conjugated Doxorubicin for Regulating Anti-Tumor Selectivity. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:382. [PMID: 37504877 PMCID: PMC10381835 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14070382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-doxorubicin (DOX) conjugation is an important strategy to improve toxicity and enhance clinically therapeutic efficacy. However, with the frequent use of PEG-modified drugs, the accumulation of anti-PEG antibodies has become a tough issue, which limits the application of PEG-drug conjugation. As an alternative solution, poly(2-oxazoline) (POX)-DOX conjugation has shown great potential in the anti-tumor field, but the reported conjugation process of POX with DOX has drawbacks such as complex synthetic steps and purification. Herein, we propose a convenient and controllable strategy for the synthesis of POX-DOX conjugation with different chain lengths and narrow dispersity by N-boc-2-bromoacetohydrazide-initiated 2-ethyl-oxazoline polymerization and the subsequent deprotection of the N-Boc group and direct reaction with DOX. The DOX-PEtOx conjugates were firstly purified, and the successful conjugations were confirmed through various characterization methods. The synthetic DOX-PEtOxn conjugates reduce the toxicity of DOX and increase the selectivity to tumor cells, reflecting the promising application of this POX-DOX conjugation strategy in drug modification and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ruxin Cui
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhengjie Luo
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zihao Cong
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ning Shao
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ling Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiawei Gu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hongyan He
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Runhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, East China University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518063, China
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8
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SNAI2 Attenuated the Stem-like Phenotype by Reducing the Expansion of EPCAM high Cells in Cervical Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021062. [PMID: 36674577 PMCID: PMC9864029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
SNAI2 (Snai2) is a zinc-finger transcriptional repressor that belongs to the Snail family. The accumulated evidence suggests that SNAI2 exhibits biphasic effects on regulating a stem-like phenotype in various types of cells, both normal and malignant. In this study, by exogenously expressing SNAI2 in SiHa cells, SNAI2 exhibited the capacity to inhibit a stem-like phenotype in cervical cancer cells. The SNAI2-overexpressing cells inhibited cell growth, tumorsphere formation, tumor growth, enhanced sensitivity to cisplatin, reduced stem cell-related factors' expression, and lowered tumor initiating frequency. In addition, the EPCAMhigh cells sorted from SiHa cells exhibited an enhanced capacity to maintain a stem-like phenotype. Further study demonstrated that the trans-suppression of EPCAM expression by SNAI2 led to blockage of the nuclear translocation of β-catenin, as well as reduction in SOX2 and c-Myc expression in SiHa and HeLa cells, but induction in SNAI2 knockdown cells (CaSki), which would be responsible for the attenuation of the stem-like phenotype in cervical cancer cells mediated by SNAI2. All of these results demonstrated that SNAI2 could attenuate the stem-like phenotype in cervical cancer cells through the EPCAM/β-catenin axis.
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9
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Wei Z, Zhou Y, Wang R, Wang J, Chen Z. Aptamers as Smart Ligands for Targeted Drug Delivery in Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122561. [PMID: 36559056 PMCID: PMC9781707 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Undesirable side effects and multidrug tolerance are the main holdbacks to the treatment of cancer in conventional chemotherapy. Fortunately, targeted drug delivery can improve the enrichment of drugs at the target site and reduce toxicity to normal tissues and cells. A targeted drug delivery system is usually composed of a nanocarrier and a targeting component. The targeting component is called a "ligand". Aptamers have high target affinity and specificity, which are identified as attractive and promising ligands. Therefore, aptamers have potential application in the development of smart targeting systems. For instance, aptamers are able to efficiently recognize tumor markers such as nucleolin, mucin, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Besides, aptamers can also identify glycoproteins on the surface of tumor cells. Thus, the aptamer-mediated targeted drug delivery system has received extensive attention in the application of cancer therapy. This article reviews the application of aptamers as smart ligands for targeted drug delivery in cancer therapy. Special interest is focused on aptamers as smart ligands, aptamer-conjugated nanocarriers, aptamer targeting strategy for tumor microenvironment (TME), and aptamers that are specified to crucial cancer biomarkers for targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jin Wang
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (Z.C.); Tel.: +86-18616-819-730 (J.W.); +86-13767-154-425 (Z.C.)
| | - Zhenhua Chen
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (Z.C.); Tel.: +86-18616-819-730 (J.W.); +86-13767-154-425 (Z.C.)
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10
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Guo Y, Wang M, Zou Y, Jin L, Zhao Z, Liu Q, Wang S, Li J. Mechanisms of chemotherapeutic resistance and the application of targeted nanoparticles for enhanced chemotherapy in colorectal cancer. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:371. [PMID: 35953863 PMCID: PMC9367166 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01586-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is considered one of the major malignancies that threaten the lives and health of people around the world. Patients with CRC are prone to post-operative local recurrence or metastasis, and some patients are advanced at the time of diagnosis and have no chance for complete surgical resection. These factors make chemotherapy an indispensable and important tool in treating CRC. However, the complex composition of the tumor microenvironment and the interaction of cellular and interstitial components constitute a tumor tissue with high cell density, dense extracellular matrix, and high osmotic pressure, inevitably preventing chemotherapeutic drugs from entering and acting on tumor cells. As a result, a novel drug carrier system with targeted nanoparticles has been applied to tumor therapy. It can change the physicochemical properties of drugs, facilitate the crossing of drug molecules through physiological and pathological tissue barriers, and increase the local concentration of nanomedicines at lesion sites. In addition to improving drug efficacy, targeted nanoparticles also reduce side effects, enabling safer and more effective disease diagnosis and treatment and improving bioavailability. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which infiltrating cells and other stromal components of the tumor microenvironment comprise barriers to chemotherapy in colorectal cancer. The research and application of targeted nanoparticles in CRC treatment are also classified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Guo
- Department of the General Surgery, Jilin University Second Hospital, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of the General Surgery, Jilin University Second Hospital, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Yongbo Zou
- Department of the General Surgery, Jilin University Second Hospital, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Longhai Jin
- Department of Radiology, Jilin University Second Hospital, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Zeyun Zhao
- Department of the General Surgery, Jilin University Second Hospital, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of the General Surgery, Jilin University Second Hospital, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of the Dermatology, Jilin University Second Hospital, Changchun, 130000, China.
| | - Jiannan Li
- Department of the General Surgery, Jilin University Second Hospital, Changchun, 130000, China.
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11
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Zhang W, Liu C, Li J, Lu Y, Li H, Zhuang J, Ren X, Wang M, Sun C. Tanshinone IIA: New Perspective on the Anti-Tumor Mechanism of A Traditional Natural Medicine. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:209-239. [PMID: 34983327 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The search for natural and efficacious antineoplastic drugs, with minimal toxicity and side effects, is an important part of antitumor drug research and development. Tanshinone IIA is the most evaluated lipophilic active component of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Tanshinone IIA is a path-breaking traditional drug applied in cardiovascular treatment. It has also been found that tanshinone IIA plays an important role in the digestive, respiratory and circulatory systems, as well as in other tumor diseases. Tanshinone IIA significantly inhibits the proliferation of several types of tumors, blocks the cell cycle, induces apoptosis and autophagic death, in addition to inhibiting cell migration and invasion. Among these, the regulation of tumor-cell apoptosis signaling pathways is the key breakthrough point in several modes of antitumor therapy. The PI3K/AKT/MTOR signaling pathway and the JNK pathway are the key pathways for tanshinone IIA to induce tumor cell apoptosis. In addition to glycolysis, reactive oxygen species and signal transduction all play an active role with the participation of tanshinone IIA. Endogenous apoptosis is considered the main mechanism of tumor apoptosis induced by tanshinone IIA. Multiple pathways and targets play a role in the process of endogenous apoptosis. Tanshinone IIA can protect chemotherapy drugs, which is mainly reflected in the protection of the side effects of chemotherapy drugs, such as neurotoxicity and inhibition of the hematopoietic system. Tanshinone IIA also has a certain regulatory effect on tumor angiogenesis, which is mainly manifested in the control of hypoxia. Our findings indicated that tanshinone IIA is an effective treatment agent in the cardiovascular field and plays a significant role in antitumor therapeutics. This paper reviews the pharmacological potential and inhibitory effect of tanshinone IIA on cancer. It is greatly anticipated that tanshinone IIA will be employed as an adjuvant in the treatment of various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P. R. China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, P. R. China
| | - Cun Liu
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P. R. China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P. R. China
| | - Yiping Lu
- Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Center, Department of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao Shandong 266000, P. R. China
| | - Huayao Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhuang
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P. R. China
| | - Xin Ren
- Clinical Medical Colleges, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P. R. China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Clinical Medical Colleges, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P. R. China
| | - Changgang Sun
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P. R. China.,Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, P. R. China
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12
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Applications of Aptamer-Bound Nanomaterials in Cancer Therapy. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11090344. [PMID: 34562934 PMCID: PMC8468797 DOI: 10.3390/bios11090344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is still a major disease that threatens human life. Although traditional cancer treatment methods are widely used, they still have many disadvantages. Aptamers, owing to their small size, low toxicity, good specificity, and excellent biocompatibility, have been widely applied in biomedical areas. Therefore, the combination of nanomaterials with aptamers offers a new method for cancer treatment. First, we briefly introduce the situation of cancer treatment and aptamers. Then, we discuss the application of aptamers in breast cancer treatment, lung cancer treatment, and other cancer treatment methods. Finally, perspectives on challenges and future applications of aptamers in cancer therapy are discussed.
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13
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Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Li Q, Wang Y. Macrophages, as a Promising Strategy to Targeted Treatment for Colorectal Cancer Metastasis in Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2021; 12:685978. [PMID: 34326840 PMCID: PMC8313969 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.685978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor immune microenvironment plays a vital role in the metastasis of colorectal cancer. As one of the most important immune cells, macrophages act as phagocytes, patrol the surroundings of tissues, and remove invading pathogens and cell debris to maintain tissue homeostasis. Significantly, macrophages have a characteristic of high plasticity and can be classified into different subtypes according to the different functions, which can undergo reciprocal phenotypic switching induced by different types of molecules and signaling pathways. Macrophages regulate the development and metastatic potential of colorectal cancer by changing the tumor immune microenvironment. In tumor tissues, the tumor-associated macrophages usually play a tumor-promoting role in the tumor immune microenvironment, and they are also associated with poor prognosis. This paper reviews the mechanisms and stimulating factors of macrophages in the process of colorectal cancer metastasis and intends to indicate that targeting macrophages may be a promising strategy in colorectal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingru Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyang Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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