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Zhu S, Wu W, Hong D, Chai F, Huang Z, Zhu X, Zhou S, Wang S. Synthesis and Reactivity of the Rare-Earth Metal Complexes Bearing the Indol-2-yl-Based NCN Pincer Ligand. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:14860-14875. [PMID: 39069833 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The pincer rare-earth dialkyl complexes [κ3-LRE(CH2SiMe3)2 (RE = Lu(1a), Yb(1b), Er(1c), Y(1d), Dy(1e))] with the indol-2-yl-based NCN pincer ligand were synthesized by the reactions of the proligand HL (L = 1-Me2NCH2CH2-3-(2-iPrC6H5N═CH)C8H4N) with RE(CH2SiMe3)3(THF)2. These complexes exhibited a variety of reactivities toward organic compounds such as amines, triphenylphosphine ylide, N-phenylimidazole, pyridine derivatives, and o-carborane leading to σ-bond metathesis, migration insertion, and redox reaction products. The reactions of the dialkyl rare-earth metal complexes with o-carborane afforded the novel NCN pincer-ligated carboryne-based metallacyclopropanes which reacted with diphenyl ketone to give insertion products of the RE-C2-ind and one of the RE-Ccage bonds, while the reaction of the carboryne-based metallacyclopropanes with diphenyldiazomethane produced the di-aza-metallacyclopentanes via the insertions of the N═N bond of the diphenyldiazomethane into two RE-Ccage bonds and the RE-C2-ind bond. The reactions of the dialkyl complexes with 2 equiv of 2,2'-bipyridine afforded the pincer-ligated bis(2,2'-bipyridyl monoanionic radical) complexes via the homolytic redox reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhu
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, PR China
| | - Weikang Wu
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, PR China
| | - Dongjing Hong
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, PR China
| | - Fuxiang Chai
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, PR China
| | - Zeming Huang
- Anhui Laboratory of Clean Catalytic Engineering, Anhui Laboratory of Functional Coordinated Complexes for Materials Chemistry and Application, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, PR China
| | - Xiancui Zhu
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, PR China
| | - Shuangliu Zhou
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, PR China
| | - Shaowu Wang
- Anhui Laboratory of Clean Catalytic Engineering, Anhui Laboratory of Functional Coordinated Complexes for Materials Chemistry and Application, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, PR China
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Li T, Heng Y, Wang D, Hou G, Zi G, Ding W, Walter MD. Uranium versus Thorium: A Case Study on a Base-Free Terminal Uranium Imido Metallocene. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9487-9510. [PMID: 38048266 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
The structure of and bonding in two base-free terminal actinide imido metallocenes, [η5-1,2,4-(Me3C)3C5H2]2An═N(p-tolyl) (An = U (1), Th (1')) are compared and connected to their individual reactivity. While structurally rather similar, the U(IV) derivative 1 is slightly more sterically crowded. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) studies imply that the 5f orbital contribution to the bonding within the individual actinide imido An═N(p-tolyl) moieties is significantly larger for 1 than for 1', which makes the bonds between the [η5-1,2,4-(Me3C)3C5H2]2U2+ and [(p-tolyl)N]2- fragments more covalent. Therefore, steric and electronic factors impact the reactivity of these imido complexes. For example, complex 1 is inert toward internal alkynes, but it readily forms Lewis base adducts [η5-1,2,4-(Me3C)3C5H2]2U═N(p-tolyl)(L) (L = OPMe3 (6), dmap (9), PhCN (14), and 2,6-Me2PhNC (17)) with Me3PO, 4-dimethylaminopyridine (dmap), nitrile, PhCN, or isonitrile 2,6-Me2PhNC. It may also react as a nucleophile or undergo a [2 + 2] cycloaddition with CS2, isothiocyanates, thio-ketones, ketones, lactides, and acyl nitriles, forming the four- or five-membered metallaheteroacycles, terminal sulfido, or oxido complexes, and cyanide amidate complexes, respectively. In contrast, after the addition of aldehyde p-tolylCHO, the tetranuclear complex [η5-1,2,4-(Me3C)3C5H2]4[OCH(p-tolyl)CH(p-tolyl)O]2U4O4 (10) is isolated. However, while 1 is unreactive toward dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), an equilibrium exists in benzene solution between N,N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC), 1, and the four-membered metallaheterocycle [η5-1,2,4-(Me3C)3C5H2]2U[N(p-tolyl)C(═NiPr)N(iPr)] (12). Furthermore, 1 may also engage in single- and two-electron transfer processes. It is singly oxidized by Ph3CN3, CuI, Ph2S2, and Ph2Se2, yielding the uranium(V) imido complexes [η5-1,2,4-(Me3C)3C5H2]2U═N(p-tolyl)(X) (X = N3 (20), I (22), PhS (23), and PhSe (24)), or is doubly oxidized by organic azides (RN3) and 9-diazofluorene, forming the uranium(VI) bis-imido metallocenes [η5-1,2,4-(Me3C)3C5H2]2U═N(p-tolyl)(=NR) (R = p-tolyl (18), mesityl (19)) and [η5-1,2,4-(Me3C)3C5H2]2U=N(p-tolyl)[=NN=(9-C13H8)] (21), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yi Heng
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Dongwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guohua Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guofu Zi
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wanjian Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Marc D Walter
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Rieser TE, Schädle D, Maichle-Mössmer C, Anwander R. Terminal dysprosium and holmium organoimides. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3562-3570. [PMID: 38455031 PMCID: PMC10915843 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06584g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Terminal rare-earth-metal imide complexes TptBu,MeLn(NC6H3iPr2-2,6)(dmap) of the mid-late rare-earth elements dysprosium and holmium were synthesized via double methane elimination of Lewis acid stabilized dialkyl precursors TptBu,MeLnMe(GaMe4) with primary aniline derivative H2NC6H3iPr2-2,6 (H2NAriPr). Exploiting the weaker Ln-CH3⋯[GaMe3] interaction compared to the aluminium congener, addition of the aniline derivative leads to the mixed methyl/anilido species TptBu,MeLnMe(HNAriPr) which readily eliminate methane after being exposed to the Lewis base DMAP ([double bond, length as m-dash]N,N-dimethyl-4-aminopyridine). Under the same conditions, [AlMe3]-stabilized dimethyl rare-earth-metal complexes transform immediately to Lewis acid bridged imides TptBu,MeLn(μ2-NC6H3Me2-2,6)(μ2-Me)AlMe2 (Ln = Dy, Ho). DMAP/THF donor exchange is accomplished by treatment of TptBu,MeLn(NC6H3iPr2-2,6)(dmap) with 9-BBN in THF while the terminal imides readily insert carbon dioxide to afford carbamate complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa E Rieser
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Dorothea Schädle
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
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Rieser TE, Wetzel P, Maichle-Mössmer C, Sirsch P, Anwander R. A Terminal Yttrium Phosphinidene. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17720-17733. [PMID: 37531590 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Terminal, nondirectional ionic "multiple" bond interactions between group 15 elements and rare-earth metals (Ln) have remained a challenging target until present. Although reports on terminal imide species have accumulated in the meantime, examples of terminal congeners with the higher homologue phosphorus are yet elusive. Herein, we present the synthesis of the first terminal yttrium organophosphinidene complex, TptBu,MeY(═PC6H3iPr2-2,6)(DMAP)2, according to a double-deprotonation sequence previously established for organoimides of the smaller rare-earth metals. Subsequent deprotonation of the primary phosphane H2PC6H3iPr2-2,6 (H2PAriPr) with discrete dimethyl compound TptBu,MeYMe2 in the presence of DMAP under simultaneous methane elimination generated a terminal multiply bonded phosphorus. The primary phosphide intermediates TptBu,MeYMe(HPAriPr) and TptBu,MeYMe(HNPAriPr)(DMAP) are isolable species and were also obtained and fully characterized for holmium and dysprosium. The Lewis acid-stabilized yttrium phosphinidene TptBu,MeY[(μ2-PAriPr)(μ2-Me)AlMe2] was obtained by treatment of H2PAriPr with TptBu,MeYMe(AlMe4) but could not be converted into a terminal phosphinidene via cleavage of trimethylaluminum. The corresponding reaction of H2PAriPr with TptBu,MeYMe(GaMe4) led to adduct [GaMe3(PH2AriPr)] rather than to the formation of a yttrium phosphinidene. The yttrium-phosphorus interaction in the obtained organophosphide and phosphinidene complexes was scrutinized by 31P/89Y NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations, unambiguously supporting the existence of multiple bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa E Rieser
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Wetzel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Sirsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Wilson HH, Yu X, Cheisson T, Smith PW, Pandey P, Carroll PJ, Minasian SG, Autschbach J, Schelter EJ. Synthesis and Characterization of a Bridging Cerium(IV) Nitride Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:781-786. [PMID: 36603174 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Complexes featuring lanthanide-ligand multiple bonds are rare and highly reactive. They are important synthetic targets to understand 4f/5d-bonding in comparison to d-block and actinide congeners. Herein, the isolation and characterization of a bridging cerium(IV)-nitride complex: [(TriNOx)Ce(Li2μ-N)Ce(TriNOx)][BArF4] is reported, the first example of a molecular cerium-nitride. The compound was isolated by deprotonating a monometallic cerium(IV)-ammonia complex: [CeIV(NH3)(TriNOx)][BArF4]. The average Ce═N bond length of [(TriNOx)Ce(Li2μ-N)Ce(TriNOx)][BArF4] was 2.117(3) Å. Vibrational studies of the 15N-isotopomer exhibited a shift of the Ce═N═Ce asymmetric stretch from ν = 644 cm-1 to 640 cm-1, and X-ray spectroscopic studies confirm the +4 oxidation state of cerium. Computational analyses showed strong involvement of the cerium 4f shell in bonding with overall 16% and 11% cerium weight in the σ- and π-bonds of the Ce═N═Ce fragment, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry H Wilson
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Xiaojuan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Buffalo, 732 Natural Sciences Complex, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Thibault Cheisson
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Patrick W Smith
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Pragati Pandey
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Patrick J Carroll
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Stefan G Minasian
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jochen Autschbach
- Department of Chemistry, University of Buffalo, 732 Natural Sciences Complex, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Eric J Schelter
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Hong D, Rajeshkumar T, Zhu S, Huang Z, Zhou S, Zhu X, Maron L, Wang S. Unusual selective reactivity of the rare-earth metal complexes bearing a ligand with multiple functionalities. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1396-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Rieser TE, Thim-Spöring R, Schädle D, Sirsch P, Litlabø R, Törnroos KW, Maichle-Mössmer C, Anwander R. Open-Shell Early Lanthanide Terminal Imides. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:4102-4113. [PMID: 35212218 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Group 3- and 4f-element organometallic chemistry and reactivity are decisively driven by the rare-earth-metal/lanthanide (Ln) ion size and associated electronegativity/ionicity/Lewis acidity criteria. For these reasons, the synthesis of terminal "unsupported" imides [Ln═NR] of the smaller, closed-shell Sc(III), Lu(III), Y(III), and increasingly covalent Ce(IV) has involved distinct reaction protocols while derivatives of the "early" large Ln(III) have remained elusive. Herein, we report such terminal imides of open-shell lanthanide cations Ce(III), Nd(III), and Sm(III) according to a new reaction protocol. Lewis-acid-stabilized methylidene complexes [TptBu,MeLn(μ3-CH2){(μ2-Me)MMe2}2] (Ln = Ce, Nd, Sm; M = Al, Ga) react with 2,6-diisopropylaniline (H2NAriPr) via methane elimination. The formation of arylimide complexes is governed by the Ln(III) size, the Lewis acidity of the group 13 metal alkyl, steric factors, the presence of a donor solvent, and the sterics and acidity (pKa) of the aromatic amine. Crucially, terminal arylimides [TptBu,MeLn(═NAriPr)(THF)2] (Ln = Ce, Nd, Sm) are formed only for M = Ga, and for M = Al, the Lewis-acid-stabilized imides [TptBu,MeLn(NAriPr)(AlMe3)] (Ln = Ce, Nd, Sm) are persistent. In stark contrast, the [GaMe3]-stabilized imide [TptBu,MeLn(NAriPr)(GaMe3)] (Ln = Nd, Sm) is reversibly formed in noncoordinating solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa E Rieser
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Renita Thim-Spöring
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dorothea Schädle
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Sirsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rannveig Litlabø
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Karl W Törnroos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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