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Senthil Raja D, Tsai DH. Recent advances in continuous flow synthesis of metal-organic frameworks and their composites. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:8497-8515. [PMID: 38962908 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02088j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and their composites have garnered significant attention in recent years due to their exceptional properties and diverse applications across various fields. The conventional batch synthesis methods for MOFs and their composites often suffer from challenges such as long reaction times, poor reproducibility, and limited scalability. Continuous flow synthesis has emerged as a promising alternative for overcoming these limitations. In this short review, we discuss the recent advancements, challenges, and future perspectives of continuous flow synthesis in the context of MOFs and their composites. The review delves into a brief overview of the fundamental principles of flow synthesis, highlighting its advantages over batch methods. Key benefits, including precise control over reaction parameters, improved scalability and efficiency, rapid optimization capabilities, enhanced reaction kinetics and mass transfer, and increased safety and environmental sustainability, are addressed. Additionally, the versatility and flexibility of flow synthesis techniques are discussed. The article then explores various flow synthesis methods applicable to MOF and MOF composite production. The techniques covered include continuous flow solvothermal synthesis, mechanochemical synthesis, microwave and ultrasound-assisted flow synthesis, microfluidic droplet synthesis, and aerosol synthesis. Notably, the combination of flow chemistry and aerosol synthesis with real-time characterization is also addressed. Furthermore, the impact of flow synthesis on the properties and performance of MOFs is explored. Finally, the review discusses current challenges and future perspectives in the field of continuous flow MOF synthesis, paving the way for further development and broader application of this promising technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duraisamy Senthil Raja
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., 300044 Hsinchu City, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - De-Hao Tsai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., 300044 Hsinchu City, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Zhang T, Xia Y, Xie YD, Du HJ, Shi ZQ, Hu HL, Zhang H, Guo ZC, Li G. Superprotonic conductivity of ketoenamine covalent-organic frameworks grafted by imidazole-based units. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 665:554-563. [PMID: 38552572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.03.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The achievement of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with high stability and exceptional proton conductivity is of tremendous practical importance and challenge. Given this, we hope to prepare the highly stable COFs carrying CN connectors and enhance their proton conductivity via a post-modification approach. Herein, one COF, TpTta, was successfully synthesized by employing 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol (Tp) and 4,4',4″-(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyl)-trianiline (Tta) as starting materials, which has a β-ketoenamine structure bearing a large amount of -NH groups and intramolecular H-bonds. TpTta was then post-modified by inserting imidazole (Im) and histamine (His) molecules, yielding the corresponding COFs, Im@TpTta and His@TpTta, respectively. As a result, their proton conductivities were surveyed under changeable temperatures (30-100 °C) and relative humidities (68-98 %), revealing a degree of temperature and humidity dependence. Impressively, under identical conditions, the optimum proton conductivities of the two post-modified COFs are 1.14 × 10-2 (Im@TpTta) and 3.45 × 10-3 S/cm (His@TpTta), which are significantly greater than that of the pristine COF, TpTta (2.57 × 10-5 S/cm). Finally, their proton conduction mechanisms were hypothesized based on the computed activation energy values, water vapor adsorption values, and structural properties of these COFs. Additionally, the excellent electrochemical stability of the produced COFs was expressed, as well as the prospective application value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials and Big Data, School of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, PR China; Institute of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, PR China
| | - Yu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials and Big Data, School of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Ya-Dian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials and Big Data, School of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Hai-Jun Du
- Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials and Big Data, School of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, PR China.
| | - Hai-Liang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials and Big Data, School of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, PR China
| | - Zhong-Cheng Guo
- College of Chemistry and Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Gang Li
- College of Chemistry and Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
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Li XM, Jia J, Zhao M, Liu D, Gao J, Lan YQ. Cooperative defect engineering and ligand modification in UiO-66 to achieve high proton conductivity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:6777-6780. [PMID: 38868861 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01414f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
D-UiO-66-NIM with high proton conductivity has been synthesized through the dual strategy of defect engineering and ligand modification. Moreover, D-UiO-66-NIM exhibits good temperature cycling stability and durability in proton conductivity. This work has developed a new method to obtain efficient MOF-based proton conductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Min Li
- Institute of Functional Porous Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China.
| | - Junchao Jia
- Institute of Functional Porous Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China.
| | - Mingyang Zhao
- Institute of Functional Porous Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China.
| | - Dongbo Liu
- Institute of Functional Porous Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China.
| | - Junkuo Gao
- Institute of Functional Porous Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China.
| | - Ya-Qian Lan
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China.
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Zhang Z, Zhou J, Xie J, Ma X, Chen X, Yan T, Du L, Zhao Q. Breathing Behavior and Superprotonic Conductivity of Two-Dimensional Flexible Metal-Organic Frameworks Tuned with Alkoxy Groups. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:10278-10287. [PMID: 38772015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Flexible metal-organic frameworks (FMOFs) exhibit reversible structural transitions ("breathing" behaviors), which can regulate the proton transport passageway effectively. This property offers remarkable advantages for improving the proton conductivity. Our objective of this work is to design a single-variable flexibility synergistic strategy for the fabrication of FMOFs with high conductivity. Herein, four two-dimensional FMOFs, {[Co(4-bpdb)(R-ip)]·xsolvents}n (x = rich, 1-4), have been successfully designed and assembled (4-bpdb = 1,4-bis(4-pyridyl)-2,3-diaza-1,3-butadiene and R-ip = MeO/EtO/n-PrO/n-BuO-isophthalate). Upon the release and/or absorption of different solvent molecules, they display reversible breathing behaviors, thereby resulting in the formation of the partial and complete solvent-free compounds {[Co(4-bpdb)(R-ip)]·ysolvents}n (y = free or poor, 1A-4A). This breathing behavior involves the synergistic self-adaption of the dynamic torsion of alkoxy groups and reversible structural transformation, leading to remarkable changes in cell parameters and void space, as evidenced by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, and N2 and CO2 adsorption analyses. At 363 K and 98% relative humidity, 2A exhibits the best proton conductivity among the FMOFs. Its conductivity reaches 4.08 × 10-2 S cm-1 and is one of the highest conductivities shown by reported unmodified MOF-based proton conductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R China
| | - Jinhong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R China
| | - Xun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R China
| | - Xue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R China
| | - Tong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R China
| | - Lin Du
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R China
| | - Qihua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R China
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Shubhangi, Nandi I, Rai SK, Chandra P. MOF-based nanocomposites as transduction matrices for optical and electrochemical sensing. Talanta 2024; 266:125124. [PMID: 37657374 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs), a class of crystalline microporous materials have been into research limelight lately due to their commendable physio-chemical properties and easy fabrication methods. They have enormous surface area which can be a working ground for innumerable molecule adhesions and site for potential sensor matrices. Their biocompatibility makes them valuable for in vitro detection systems but a compromised conductivity requires a lot of surface engineering of these molecules for their usage in electrochemical biosensors. However, they are not just restricted to a single type of transduction system rather can also be modified to achieve feat as optical (colorimetry, luminescence) and electro-luminescent biosensors. This review emphasizes on recent advancements in the area of MOF-based biosensors with focus on various MOF synthesis methods and their general properties along with selective attention to electrochemical, optical and opto-electrochemical hybrid biosensors. It also summarizes MOF-based biosensors for monitoring free radicals, metal ions, small molecules, macromolecules and cells in a wide range of real matrices. Extensive tables have been included for understanding recent trends in the field of MOF-composite probe fabrication. The article sums up the future scope of these materials in the field of biosensors and enlightens the reader with recent trends for future research scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhangi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Laboratory (BHU) Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India; Laboratory of Bio-Physio Sensors and Nanobioengineering, School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Indrani Nandi
- Laboratory of Bio-Physio Sensors and Nanobioengineering, School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - S K Rai
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Laboratory (BHU) Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Pranjal Chandra
- Laboratory of Bio-Physio Sensors and Nanobioengineering, School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.
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Ying J, Gao N, Mou H, Tian A. Rare earth mono-substituted Keggin dimmers: Structures, electrochemical, supercapacitor and magnetic properties. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2022.123343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Qin MF, Wang CY, Bao SS, Zheng LM. Photoresponsive proton conduction in Zr-based metal-organic frameworks using the photothermal effect. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8372-8375. [PMID: 35792066 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02470e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A highly stable and porous MOF [Zr2(H4TPPP)(OH/F)2]·xH2O (1) containing a metal-free porphyrin-phosphonate ligand is reported. It shows high proton conductivity of 1.2 × 10-3 S·cm-1 at 25 °C and 95% RH, a photothermal effect over a wide spectral range from UV-vis to NIR, and photo-enhanced and switchable proton conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Feng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Chang-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Song-Song Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Li-Min Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China.
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Zhang Y, Cui H, Zhang B, Tian A. Three Keggin-based complexes modified by an asymmetric ligand: structures, electrochemical, photocatalytic and fluorescence sensing properties. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-022-00505-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Xin Y, Zhou Y, Dong L, Wei P, Zou X, Zhang F, Li G. One-pot self-assembly synthesis of H3+xPMo12−xVxO40@[Cu6O(TZI)3(H2O)9(NO3)n]·(H2O)15 for enhanced proton conduction materials. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj06090b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
One-pot self-assembly encapsulation of PMoVx in rht-MOF-1 affords enhanced the proton conduction material PMoVx@rht-MOF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Xin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Yijia Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Longzhang Dong
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Pengpeng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Zou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Fengming Zhang
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, No. 4, Linyuan Road, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Guangming Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
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