1
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Veale CGL, Chakraborty A, Mhlanga R, Albericio F, de la Torre BG, Edkins AL, Clarke DJ. A native mass spectrometry approach to qualitatively elucidate interfacial epitopes of transient protein-protein interactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:5844-5847. [PMID: 38752317 PMCID: PMC11139139 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01251h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Native mass spectrometric analysis of TPR2A and GrpE with unpurified peptides derived from limited proteolysis of their respective PPI partners (HSP90 C-terminus and DnaK) facilitated efficient, qualitative identification of interfacial epitopes involved in transient PPI formation. Application of this approach can assist in elucidating interfaces of currently uncharacterised transient PPIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton G L Veale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa.
| | - Abir Chakraborty
- The Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit (BioBRU), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Richwell Mhlanga
- The Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit (BioBRU), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Fernando Albericio
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, South Africa
| | - Beatriz G de la Torre
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Adrienne L Edkins
- The Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit (BioBRU), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - David J Clarke
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH93FJ, UK.
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2
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Ren Y, Dong W, Li Y, Cao W, Xiao Z, Zhou Y, Teng Y, You X, Yang X, Huang H, Wang H. The Prediction of LptA and LptC Protein-Protein Interactions and Virtual Screening for Potential Inhibitors. Molecules 2024; 29:1827. [PMID: 38675646 PMCID: PMC11052386 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria remains one of the most pressing challenges to global public health. Blocking the transportation of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), a crucial component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, is considered a promising strategy for drug discovery. In the transportation process of LPS, two components of the LPS transport (Lpt) complex, LptA and LptC, are responsible for shuttling LPS across the periplasm to the outer membrane, highlighting their potential as targets for antibacterial drug development. In the current study, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) model of LptA and LptC was constructed, and a molecular screening strategy was employed to search a protein-protein interaction compound library. The screening results indicated that compound 18593 exhibits favorable binding free energy with LptA and LptC. In comparison with the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on currently known inhibitors, compound 18593 shows more stable target binding ability at the same level. The current study suggests that compound 18593 may exhibit an inhibitory effect on the LPS transport process, making it a promising hit compound for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Ren
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China;
- Institute of National Security, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wenting Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Division for Medicinal Microorganism-Related Strains, CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Weiting Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zengshuo Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yun Teng
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xuefu You
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Division for Medicinal Microorganism-Related Strains, CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Beijing 100050, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xinyi Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Division for Medicinal Microorganism-Related Strains, CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Huoqiang Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China;
- Institute of National Security, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China
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3
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Yoon Y, Song S. Structural Insights into the Lipopolysaccharide Transport (Lpt) System as a Novel Antibiotic Target. J Microbiol 2024; 62:261-275. [PMID: 38816673 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-024-00137-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a critical component of the extracellular leaflet within the bacterial outer membrane, forming an effective physical barrier against environmental threats in Gram-negative bacteria. After LPS is synthesized and matured in the bacterial cytoplasm and the inner membrane (IM), LPS is inserted into the outer membrane (OM) through the ATP-driven LPS transport (Lpt) pathway, which is an energy-intensive process. A trans-envelope complex that contains seven Lpt proteins (LptA-LptG) is crucial for extracting LPS from the IM and transporting it across the periplasm to the OM. The last step in LPS transport involves the mediation of the LptDE complex, facilitating the insertion of LPS into the outer leaflet of the OM. As the Lpt system plays an essential role in maintaining the impermeability of the OM via LPS decoration, the interactions between these interconnected subunits, which are meticulously regulated, may be potential targets for the development of new antibiotics to combat multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. In this review, we aimed to provide an overview of current research concerning the structural interactions within the Lpt system and their implications to clarify the function and regulation of LPS transport in the overall process of OM biogenesis. Additionally, we explored studies on the development of therapeutic inhibitors of LPS transport, the factors that limit success, and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurim Yoon
- Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Saemee Song
- Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Scribani Rossi C, Eckartt K, Scarchilli E, Angeli S, Price-Whelan A, Di Matteo A, Chevreuil M, Raynal B, Arcovito A, Giacon N, Fiorentino F, Rotili D, Mai A, Espinosa-Urgel M, Cutruzzolà F, Dietrich LEP, Paone A, Paiardini A, Rinaldo S. Molecular insights into RmcA-mediated c-di-GMP consumption: Linking redox potential to biofilm morphogenesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microbiol Res 2023; 277:127498. [PMID: 37776579 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
The ability of many bacteria to form biofilms contributes to their resilience and makes infections more difficult to treat. Biofilm growth leads to the formation of internal oxygen gradients, creating hypoxic subzones where cellular reducing power accumulates, and metabolic activities can be limited. The pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa counteracts the redox imbalance in the hypoxic biofilm subzones by producing redox-active electron shuttles (phenazines) and by secreting extracellular matrix, leading to an increased surface area-to-volume ratio, which favors gas exchange. Matrix production is regulated by the second messenger bis-(3',5')-cyclic-dimeric-guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) in response to different environmental cues. RmcA (Redox modulator of c-di-GMP) from P. aeruginosa is a multidomain phosphodiesterase (PDE) that modulates c-di-GMP levels in response to phenazine availability. RmcA can also sense the fermentable carbon source arginine via a periplasmic domain, which is linked via a transmembrane domain to four cytoplasmic Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) domains followed by a diguanylate cyclase (DGC) and a PDE domain. The biochemical characterization of the cytoplasmic portion of RmcA reported in this work shows that the PAS domain adjacent to the catalytic domain tunes RmcA PDE activity in a redox-dependent manner, by differentially controlling protein conformation in response to FAD or FADH2. This redox-dependent mechanism likely links the redox state of phenazines (via FAD/FADH2 ratio) to matrix production as indicated by a hyperwrinkling phenotype in a macrocolony biofilm assay. This study provides insights into the role of RmcA in transducing cellular redox information into a structural response of the biofilm at the population level. Conditions of resource (i.e. oxygen and nutrient) limitation arise during chronic infection, affecting the cellular redox state and promoting antibiotic tolerance. An understanding of the molecular linkages between condition sensing and biofilm structure is therefore of crucial importance from both biological and engineering standpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Scribani Rossi
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Kelly Eckartt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Elisabetta Scarchilli
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Angeli
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Adele Di Matteo
- CNR Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maelenn Chevreuil
- Plate-forme de Biophysique Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, UMR 3528 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Raynal
- Plate-forme de Biophysique Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, UMR 3528 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Alessandro Arcovito
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche Di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Noah Giacon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche Di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Fiorentino
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuel Espinosa-Urgel
- Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Protection. Estación Experimental del Zaidin, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Francesca Cutruzzolà
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lars E P Dietrich
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Alessio Paone
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Paiardini
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Rinaldo
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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5
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Csuvik O, Szatmári I. Synthesis of Bioactive Aminomethylated 8-Hydroxyquinolines via the Modified Mannich Reaction. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097915. [PMID: 37175622 PMCID: PMC10177806 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
8-hydroxyquinoline (oxine) is a widely known and frequently used chelating agent, and the pharmacological effects of the core molecule and its derivatives have been studied since the 19th century. There are several synthetic methods to modify this core. The Mannich reaction is one of the most easily implementable examples, which requires mild reaction conditions and simple chemical reagents. The three components of the Mannich reaction are a primary or secondary amine, an aldehyde and a compound having a hydrogen with pronounced activity. In the modified Mannich reaction, naphthol or a nitrogen-containing naphthol analogue (e.g., 8-hydroxyquinoline) is utilised as the active hydrogen provider compound, thus affording the formation of aminoalkylated products. The amine component can be ammonia and primary or secondary amines. The aldehyde component is highly variable, including aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes. Based on the pharmacological relevance of aminomethylated 8-hydroxyquinolines, this review summarises their syntheses via the modified Mannich reaction starting from 8-hydroxyquinoline, formaldehyde and various amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oszkár Csuvik
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Szatmári
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Stereochemistry Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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6
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Fiorentino F, Rotili D, Mai A. Native mass spectrometry-directed drug discovery: Recent advances in investigating protein function and modulation. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103548. [PMID: 36871843 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Native mass spectrometry (nMS) is a biophysical method for studying protein complexes and can provide insights into subunit stoichiometry and composition, protein-ligand, and protein-protein interactions (PPIs). These analyses are made possible by preserving non-covalent interactions in the gas phase, thereby allowing the analysis of proteins in their native state. Consequently, nMS has been increasingly applied in early drug discovery campaigns for the characterization of protein-drug interactions and the evaluation of PPI modulators. Here, we discuss recent developments in nMS-directed drug discovery and provide a timely perspective on the possible applications of this technology in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Fiorentino
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; Pasteur Institute, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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7
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Sperandeo P, Martorana AM, Zaccaria M, Polissi A. Targeting the LPS export pathway for the development of novel therapeutics. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119406. [PMID: 36473551 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The rapid rise of multi-resistant bacteria is a global health threat. This is especially serious for Gram-negative bacteria in which the impermeable outer membrane (OM) acts as a shield against antibiotics. The development of new drugs with novel modes of actions to combat multi-drug resistant pathogens requires the selection of suitable processes to be targeted. The LPS export pathway is an excellent under exploited target for drug development. Indeed, LPS is the major determinant of the OM permeability barrier, and its biogenetic pathway is conserved in most Gram-negatives. Here we describe efforts to identify inhibitors of the multiprotein Lpt system that transports LPS to the cell surface. Despite none of these molecules has been approved for clinical use, they may represent valuable compounds for optimization. Finally, the recent discovery of a link between inhibition of LPS biogenesis and changes in peptidoglycan structure uncovers additional targets to develop novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Sperandeo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra M Martorana
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marta Zaccaria
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Polissi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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8
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Tomlinson L, Batchelor M, Sarsby J, Byrne DP, Brownridge PJ, Bayliss R, Eyers PA, Eyers CE. Exploring the Conformational Landscape and Stability of Aurora A Using Ion-Mobility Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Modeling. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:420-435. [PMID: 35099954 PMCID: PMC9007459 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase inhibitors are highly effective in treating diseases driven by aberrant kinase signaling and as chemical tools to help dissect the cellular roles of kinase signaling complexes. Evaluating the effects of binding of small molecule inhibitors on kinase conformational dynamics can assist in understanding both inhibition and resistance mechanisms. Using gas-phase ion-mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), we characterize changes in the conformational landscape and stability of the protein kinase Aurora A (Aur A) driven by binding of the physiological activator TPX2 or small molecule inhibition. Aided by molecular modeling, we establish three major conformations, the relative abundances of which were dependent on the Aur A activation status: one highly populated compact conformer similar to that observed in most crystal structures, a second highly populated conformer possessing a more open structure infrequently found in crystal structures, and an additional low-abundance conformer not currently represented in the protein databank. Notably, inhibitor binding induces more compact configurations of Aur A, as adopted by the unbound enzyme, with both IM-MS and modeling revealing inhibitor-mediated stabilization of active Aur A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren
J. Tomlinson
- Centre
for Proteome Research, Department of Biochemistry & Systems Biology,
Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K.
- Department
of Biochemistry & Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular
& Integrative Biology, University of
Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K.
| | - Matthew Batchelor
- Astbury
Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular
Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Joscelyn Sarsby
- Centre
for Proteome Research, Department of Biochemistry & Systems Biology,
Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K.
| | - Dominic P. Byrne
- Department
of Biochemistry & Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular
& Integrative Biology, University of
Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K.
| | - Philip J. Brownridge
- Centre
for Proteome Research, Department of Biochemistry & Systems Biology,
Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K.
| | - Richard Bayliss
- Astbury
Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular
Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Patrick A. Eyers
- Department
of Biochemistry & Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular
& Integrative Biology, University of
Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K.
| | - Claire E. Eyers
- Centre
for Proteome Research, Department of Biochemistry & Systems Biology,
Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K.
- Department
of Biochemistry & Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular
& Integrative Biology, University of
Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K.
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9
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Fiorentino F, Bolla JR. Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Dynamics and Interactions of the LPS Translocon LptDE. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2548:109-128. [PMID: 36151495 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2581-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the outer leaflet of the outer membrane (OM) is essential for Gram-negative bacteria OM barrier function and for maintaining its cell integrity. As such, comprehensive information about its biosynthesis and translocation represents a successful strategy for the development of antibacterial drugs. LPS is a complex glycolipid, and probing its interactions with LPS transport (Lpt) proteins has been extremely challenging. However, mass spectrometry (MS) techniques have recently catalyzed tremendous advancements in the characterization of LPS transport (Lpt) proteins and probed associated conformational dynamics upon substrate binding. Here, we describe the application of MS methods to study the dynamics of LPS translocon LptDE in the presence of natural substrates and inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Fiorentino
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Jani R Bolla
- The Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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