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Zhang C, Xu L, Huang Q, Wang Y, Tang H. Detecting Submicromolar Analytes in Mixtures with a 5 min Acquisition on 600 MHz NMR Spectrometers. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25513-25517. [PMID: 37955622 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Amino compounds are widely present in complex mixtures in chemistry, biology, medicine, food, and environmental sciences involving drug impurities and metabolisms of proteins, biogenic amines, neurotransmitters, and pyrimidine in biological systems. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is an excellent tool for simultaneously identifying and quantifying these in-mixture compounds but has a limit-of-detection (LOD) over several micromolarities (>5 μM). To break such a sensitivity barrier, we developed a sensitive and rapid method by combining the probe-induced sensitivity enhancement and nonuniform-sampling-based 1H-13C HSQC 2D-NMR (PRISE-NUS-HSQC). We introduced two 13CH3 tags for each analyte to respectively increase the 1H and 13C abundances for up to 6 and 200 fold. This enabled high-resolution detection of 0.4-0.8 μM analytes in mixtures in 5 mm tubes with a 5 min acquisition on 600 MHz spectrometers. The method is much more sensitive and faster than traditional 1H-13C HSQC methods (∼50 μM, >10 h). Using sulfanilic acid as a single reference, furthermore, we established a database covering chemical shifts and relative-response factors for >100 compounds, enabling reliable identification and quantification. The method showed good quantitation linearity, accuracy, precision, and applicability in multiple biological matrices, offering a rapid and sensitive approach for quantitative analysis of large cohorts of chemical, medicinal, metabolomic, food, and other mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Metabonomics and Systems Biology Laboratory at Shanghai International Centre for Molecular Phenomics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Metabonomics and Systems Biology Laboratory at Shanghai International Centre for Molecular Phenomics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qingxia Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Metabonomics and Systems Biology Laboratory at Shanghai International Centre for Molecular Phenomics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yulan Wang
- Singapore Phenome Centre, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
| | - Huiru Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Metabonomics and Systems Biology Laboratory at Shanghai International Centre for Molecular Phenomics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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2
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Xu L, Huang B, Hou Z, Huang S, Zhao Y. Solvent Effects Used for Optimal Simultaneous Analysis of Amino Acids via 19F NMR Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2023; 95:3012-3018. [PMID: 36705609 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
19F NMR has been extensively used in simultaneous analysis of multicomponent due to its 100% natural isotope abundance, high NMR-sensitivity, and wide-range chemical shifts. The solvent effects are usually observed in NMR spectroscopy and cause large changes in 19F chemical shifts. Herein, we propose that the simultaneous analysis of a complex mixture can be achieved using solvent effects via 19F NMR spectroscopy, such as a mixture solution of amino acids (AAs). AAs are not only cell-signaling molecules, but are also considered as biomarkers of some diseases. Hence, the analysis of AAs is important for human health and the diagnosis of diseases. In this work, the key to the success of sensing 19 biogenic AAs is the use of 2-fluorobenzaldehyde (2FBA) as a highly sensitive derivatizing agent and solvent effects to produce distinguishable 19F NMR signals. As a result, the resolution of 19F NMR spectroscopy of multiple 2FBA-labeled AAs is obviously higher than other methods based on 19F NMR. Moreover, 14 and 18 AAs can be satisfactorily differentiated and unambiguously identified in different complicated media supporting the growth of mammalian cells. Furthermore, quantification of the concentration of AAs can be made, and the limit of detection reaches 10 μM. Our work provides new insights into the simultaneous analysis of a multicomponent mixture based on solvent effects by 19F NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Xu
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, P.R. China
| | - Biling Huang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, P.R. China.,Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, P.R. China
| | - Zhiying Hou
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, P.R. China
| | - Shaohua Huang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, P.R. China.,Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, P.R. China
| | - Yufen Zhao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, P.R. China.,Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, P.R. China.,Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P.R. China.,Key Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
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Chen YT, Li B, Chen JL, Su XC. Stereospecific recognition of a chiral centre over multiple flexible covalent bonds by 19F-NMR. Analyst 2023; 148:233-238. [PMID: 36537694 DOI: 10.1039/d2an01632j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
High performance in chiral recognition by a reactive 19F-tag was demonstrated for a variety of enantiomers. The analytes with up to five flexible covalent bonds from the chiral center can be discriminated by a sensitive chiral reporter manifested in the 19F-NMR spectrum. Simultaneous identification of chiral amines in a mixture and high accuracy ee determination were achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Jia-Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Xun-Cheng Su
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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4
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Targeted 19F-tags to detect amino acids in complex mixtures using NMR spectroscopy. J Fluor Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2022.110084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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5
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Lin P, W-M Fan T, Lane AN. NMR-based isotope editing, chemoselection and isotopomer distribution analysis in stable isotope resolved metabolomics. Methods 2022; 206:8-17. [PMID: 35908585 PMCID: PMC9539636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2022.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
NMR is a very powerful tool for identifying and quantifying compounds within complex mixtures without the need for individual standards or chromatographic separation. Stable Isotope Resolved Metabolomics (or SIRM) is an approach to following the fate of individual atoms from precursors through metabolic transformation, producing an atom-resolved metabolic fate map. However, extracts of cells or tissue give rise to very complex NMR spectra. While multidimensional NMR experiments may partially overcome the spectral overlap problem, additional tools may be needed to determine site-specific isotopomer distributions. NMR is especially powerful by virtue of its isotope editing capabilities using NMR active nuclei such as 13C, 15N, 19F and 31P to select molecules containing just these atoms in a complex mixture, and provide direct information about which atoms are present in identified compounds and their relative abundances. The isotope-editing capability of NMR can also be employed to select for those compounds that have been selectively derivatized with an NMR-active stable isotope at particular functional groups, leading to considerable spectral simplification. Here we review isotope analysis by NMR, and methods of chemoselection both for spectral simplification, and for enhanced isotopomer analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Lin
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Teresa W-M Fan
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Andrew N Lane
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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Gao XD, Hu Y, Wang WF, Zhao XB, Du XZ, Shi YP. Rapid and Selective 19F NMR-Based Sensors for Fingerprint Identification of Ribose. Anal Chem 2022; 94:11564-11572. [PMID: 35968680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ribose plays an important role in the process of life. Excessive ribose in the human cerebrospinal fluid or urine can be used as an early diagnostic marker of leukoencephalopathy. Fluorinated phenylboronic acid combined with 19F NMR spectroscopy was a powerful method for molecular recognition. However, phenylboronic acid-based sensors for selective detection of ribose are rarely reported in the literature. In this study, the rapid and highly selective recognition of ribose was studied by 19F NMR and 2-fluorophenylboric acid. It was found that 2-fluoro-phenylboric acid was an appropriate 19F NMR-based sensor molecule for the determination of ribose under physiological conditions with high selectivity and robust anti-interference ability. When 2-fluorophenylboric acid was used for the detection of ribose in human urine without any sample pretreatment, a limit of detection of 78 μM was obtained at room temperature under given 19F NMR experimental conditions (400 MHz, 512 scans, ca. 12 min), which can well meet the needs of practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Dong Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Bo Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Zhen Du
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ping Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
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Chen YT, Li B, Chen JL, Su XC. Simultaneous Discrimination and Quantification of Enantiomeric Amino Acids under Physiological Conditions by Chiral 19F NMR Tag. Anal Chem 2022; 94:7853-7860. [PMID: 35617740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Enantiomeric analysis is of great significance in chemistry, chemical biology and pharmaceutical research. We herein propose a chiral 19F NMR tag containing an amino reactive NHS group to discriminate the enantiomeric amino acids under physiological conditions by NMR spectroscopy. The chiral 19F NMR tag readily forms stable amide products with the amino acids in aqueous solution. The stereospecific chemistry of enantiomeric amino acids is discriminated by a stereogenic carbon bonded with a 19F atom and is therefore decoded by the 19F reporter and manifested in the distinct 19F chemical shift. The chemical shift difference (ΔΔδ) of the chiral 19F NMR tag derived enantiomeric amino acids variants has a broad chemical shift range between -1.13 to 1.68 ppm, indicating the high sensitivity of the chiral 19F NMR tag to the stereospecific environment surrounding the individual amino acids. The distinguishable chemical shift produced by the chiral 19F NMR tag permits simultaneous discrimination and quantification of the enantiomeric amino acids in a mixture. The high fidelity of the chiral 19F NMR tag affords high-accuracy determination of the enantiomeric composition of amino acids by simple 1D NMR under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jia-Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xun-Cheng Su
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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