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Altınışık S, Özdemir M, Kortun A, Zorlu Y, Yalçın B, Köksoy B, Koyuncu S. Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Thiophene-Coumarin-Based Organic Semiconductors. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:3305-3316. [PMID: 38284035 PMCID: PMC10809254 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors are a valuable material class for optoelectronic applications due to their electronic and optical properties. Four new symmetric and asymmetric thiophene-coumarin derivatives were designed and synthesized via Pd-catalyzed Suzuki and Stille Cross-Coupling reactions. Single crystals of all synthesized thiophene-coumarin derivatives were obtained, and π···π interactions were observed among them. The π···π interactions were supported by UV-vis, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy analyses. The photophysical and electrochemical properties of the coumarins were investigated and supported by density functional theory studies. Fluorescence quantum yields were recorded between 36 and 66%. Moreover, mega Stokes shifts (175 nm or 8920 cm-1) were observed in these new chromophore dyes. The emission and absorption colors of the thiophene-coumarin compounds differed between their solution and film forms. Electrochemically, the highest occupied molecular orbital levels of the coumarins increased with the 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene group, leading to a narrowing of the band gap, while the phenyl bridge weakened the donor-acceptor interaction, expanding the band gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Altınışık
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Çanakkale
Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17020, Turkey
| | - Mücahit Özdemir
- Department
of Chemistry, Marmara University, İstanbul 34722, Turkey
| | - Arzu Kortun
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Çanakkale
Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17020, Turkey
| | - Yunus Zorlu
- Department
of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli 41400, Turkey
| | - Bahattin Yalçın
- Department
of Chemistry, Marmara University, İstanbul 34722, Turkey
| | - Baybars Köksoy
- Department
of Chemistry, Bursa Technical University, Bursa 16310, Turkey
| | - Sermet Koyuncu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Çanakkale
Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17020, Turkey
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He Z, Mei B, Chu H, Hou Y, Niu H. D-A Structural Oligomers Containing Benzothiadiazole or Benzophenone as Novel Multifunctional Materials for Electrochromic and Photodetector Devices. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102274. [PMID: 37242849 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, six conjugated oligomers containing D-A structures were synthesized using the Stille coupling reaction and named PHZ1-PHZ6. All the oligomers utilized demonstrated excellent solubilities in common solvents and notable color variations in the domain of electrochromic characteristics. By designing and synthesizing two electron-donating groups modified with alkyl side chains and a common aromatic electron-donating group, as well as cross-binding them with two electron-withdrawing groups with lower molecular weights, the six oligomers presented good color-rendering efficiencies, among which PHZ4 presented the best color-rendering efficiency (283 cm2·C-1). The products also demonstrated excellent electrochemical switching-response times. PHZ5 presented the fastest coloring time (0.7 s), PHZ3 and PHZ6 presented the fastest bleaching times (2.1 s). Following 400 s of cycling activity, all the oligomers under study showed good working stabilities. Moreover, three kinds of photodetectors based on conducting oligomers were prepared, and the experimental results show that the three photodetectors have better specific detection performances and gains. These characteristics indicate that oligomers containing D-A structures are suitable for use as electrochromic and photodetector materials in the research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zipeng He
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process and Technology for High-Efficiency Conversion, College of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Binhua Mei
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process and Technology for High-Efficiency Conversion, College of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Hongmei Chu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process and Technology for High-Efficiency Conversion, College of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Yanjun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process and Technology for High-Efficiency Conversion, College of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Haijun Niu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
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Seddiki I, N’Diaye BI, Skene WG. Survey of Recent Advances in Molecular Fluorophores, Unconjugated Polymers, and Emerging Functional Materials Designed for Electrofluorochromic Use. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073225. [PMID: 37049988 PMCID: PMC10096808 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, recent advances that exploit the intrinsic emission of organic materials for reversibly modulating their intensity with applied potential are surveyed. Key design strategies that have been adopted during the past five years for developing such electrofluorochromic materials are presented, focusing on molecular fluorophores that are coupled with redox-active moieties, intrinsically electroactive molecular fluorophores, and unconjugated emissive organic polymers. The structural effects, main challenges, and strides toward addressing the limitations of emerging fluorescent materials that are electrochemically responsive are surveyed, along with how these can be adapted for their use in electrofluorochromic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilies Seddiki
- Laboratoire de Caractérisation Photophysique des Matériaux Conjugués Département de Chimie, Campus MIL, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Brelotte Idriss N’Diaye
- Laboratoire de Caractérisation Photophysique des Matériaux Conjugués Département de Chimie, Campus MIL, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - W. G. Skene
- Laboratoire de Caractérisation Photophysique des Matériaux Conjugués Département de Chimie, Campus MIL, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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Halder S, Pal S, Sivasakthi P, Samanta PK, Chakraborty C. Thiazolothiazole-Containing Conjugated Polymer with Electrochromism and Electrofluorochromism-Based Dual Performance for a Flip-Flop Molecular Logic Gate. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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Sarkar M, Patra A. N, N'-octyl biphenothiazine and dibenzothiophene dioxide-based soluble porous organic polymer for biphasic photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2584-2587. [PMID: 36692376 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06321b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A donor-acceptor-based soluble porous organic polymer (PzDBS) was fabricated using a flexible core composed of N,N'-octyl biphenothiazine and a rigid building unit involving dibenzothiophene dioxide. The soluble porous organic polymer was explored for aqueous-organic biphasic photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, introducing a promising avenue in the domain of porous polymer photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhurima Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India.
| | - Abhijit Patra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India.
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Harimoto T, Suzuki T, Ishigaki Y. Enhancement of NIR-Absorbing Ability of Bis(diarylmethylium)-Type Dicationic Dyes Based on an Ortho-Substitution Strategy. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203899. [PMID: 36637412 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Electrochromic systems capable of switching near-infrared (NIR) absorption are fascinating from the viewpoint of applications in the materials and life sciences. Although 11,11,12,12-tetraaryl-9,10-anthraquinodimethanes (AQDs) with a folded form undergo one-stage two-electron oxidation to produce twisted dicationic dyes exhibiting NIR absorption, there is a need to establish a design strategy that can enhance the NIR-absorbing abilities of the corresponding dicationic dyes. In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of AQD derivatives with various substituents introduced at the ortho-position(s) of the 4-methoxyphenyl group. X-ray and spectroscopic analyses revealed that NIR-absorbing properties can be changed by introduction of the ortho-substituents. Thus, control of the steric and electronic effects of the ortho-substituents on the 4-methoxyphenyl groups was demonstrated to be an effective strategy for fine-tuning of the HOMO and LUMO levels for neutral AQDs and twisted dications, respectively, resulting in the modification of electrochemical and spectroscopic properties under an "ortho-substitution strategy".
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Harimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8, North-ward, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Takanori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8, North-ward, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ishigaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8, North-ward, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
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Halder S, Roy S, Dixit M, Chakraborty C. A terpyridine based hydrogel system for reversible transmissive-to-dark electrochromism and bright-to-quenched electrofluorochromism. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8368-8371. [PMID: 35792067 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02384a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A carboxylic acid-containing terpyridine-based hydrogelator (TPPCA) is synthesized to afford a self-assembly induced TPPCA hydrogel, which was used as an all-in-one electrochrome in electrochromic devices (ECDs) to demonstrate reversible transparent-to-black electrochromism with fast darkening and bleaching time of 8.3 s and 9.5 s, respectively, high photopic coloration efficiency of 65.8 cm2 C-1 and high optical memory. The ECD also revealed bluish-white to quenched emission simultaneously under the -3.5 V to 0 V voltage range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Halder
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology & Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Samirpet, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India.
| | - Susmita Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology & Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Samirpet, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India.
| | - Mudit Dixit
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology & Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Samirpet, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India. .,Materials Center for Sustainable Energy & Environment (McSEE), Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Chanchal Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology & Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Samirpet, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India. .,Materials Center for Sustainable Energy & Environment (McSEE), Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, India
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