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van Son MHC, Berghuis AM, de Waal BFM, Wenzel FA, Kreger K, Schmidt HW, Rivas JG, Vantomme G, Meijer EW. Highly Ordered Supramolecular Materials of Phase-Separated Block Molecules for Long-Range Exciton Transport. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2300891. [PMID: 37002556 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Efficient energy transport over long distances is essential for optoelectronic and light-harvesting devices. Although self-assembled nanofibers of organic molecules are shown to exhibit long exciton diffusion lengths, alignment of these nanofibers into films with large, organized domains with similar properties remains a challenge. Here, it is shown how the functionalization of C3 -symmetric carbonyl-bridged triarylamine trisamide (CBT) with oligodimethylsiloxane (oDMS) side chains of discrete length leads to fully covered surfaces with aligned domains up to 125 × 70 µm2 in which long-range exciton transport takes place. The nanoscale morphology within the domains consists of highly ordered nanofibers with discrete intercolumnar spacings within a soft amorphous oDMS matrix. The oDMS prevents bundling of the CBT fibers, reducing the number of defects within the CBT columns. As a result, the columns have a high degree of coherence, leading to exciton diffusion lengths of a few hundred nanometers with exciton diffusivities (≈0.05 cm2 s-1 ) that are comparable to those of a crystalline tetracene. These findings represent the next step toward fully covered surfaces of highly aligned nanofibers through functionalization with oDMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin H C van Son
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Anton M Berghuis
- Department of Applied Physics and Institute for Photonic Integration, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Bas F M de Waal
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Felix A Wenzel
- Macromolecular Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Klaus Kreger
- Macromolecular Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Hans-Werner Schmidt
- Macromolecular Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Jaime Gómez Rivas
- Department of Applied Physics and Institute for Photonic Integration, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Ghislaine Vantomme
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - E W Meijer
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
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Fabrication of Ultrafine, Highly Ordered Nanostructures Using Carbohydrate-Inorganic Hybrid Block Copolymers. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12101653. [PMID: 35630875 PMCID: PMC9144075 DOI: 10.3390/nano12101653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Block copolymers (BCPs) have garnered considerable interest due to their ability to form microphase-separated structures suitable for nanofabrication. For these applications, it is critical to achieve both sufficient etch selectivity and a small domain size. To meet both requirements concurrently, we propose the use of oligosaccharide and oligodimethylsiloxane as hydrophilic and etch-resistant hydrophobic inorganic blocks, respectively, to build up a novel BCP system, i.e., carbohydrate-inorganic hybrid BCP. The carbohydrate-inorganic hybrid BCPs were synthesized via a click reaction between oligodimethylsiloxane with an azido group at each chain end and propargyl-functionalized maltooligosaccharide (consisting of one, two, and three glucose units). In the bulk state, small-angle X-ray scattering revealed that these BCPs microphase separated into gyroid, asymmetric lamellar, and symmetric lamellar structures with domain-spacing ranging from 5.0 to 5.9 nm depending on the volume fraction. Additionally, we investigated microphase-separated structures in the thin film state and discovered that the BCP with the most asymmetric composition formed an ultrafine and highly oriented gyroid structure as well as in the bulk state. After reactive ion etching, the gyroid thin film was transformed into a nanoporous-structured gyroid SiO2 material, demonstrating the material’s promising potential as nanotemplates.
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