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Melegari M, Neri M, Falco A, Tegoni M, Maffini M, Fornari F, Mucchino C, Artizzu F, Serpe A, Marchiò L. Tailoring the Use of 8-Hydroxyquinolines for the Facile Separation of Iron, Dysprosium and Neodymium. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202400286. [PMID: 38786929 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Permanent magnets (PMs) containing rare earth elements (REEs) can generate energy in a sustainable manner. With an anticipated tenfold increase in REEs demand by 2050, one of the crucial strategies to meet the demand is developing of efficient recycling methods. NdFeB PMs are the most widely employed, however, the similar chemical properties of Nd (20-30 % wt.) and Dy (0-10 % wt.) make their recycling challenging, but possible using appropriate ligands. In this work, we investigated commercially available 8-hydroxyquinolines (HQs) as potential Fe/Nd/Dy complexing agents enabling metal separation by selective precipitation playing on specific structure/property (solubility) relationship. Specifically, test ethanolic solutions of nitrate salts, prepared to mimic the main components of a PM leachate, were treated with functionalized HQs. We demonstrated that Fe3+ can be separated as insoluble [Fe(QCl,I)3] from soluble [REE(QCl,I)4]- complexes (QCl,I -: 5-Cl-7-I-8-hydoxyquinolinate). Following that, QCl - (5-Cl-8-hydroxyquinolinate) formed insoluble [Nd3(QCl)9] and soluble (Bu4N)[Dy(QCl)4]. The process ultimately gave a solution phase containing Dy with only traces of Nd. In a preliminary attempt to assess the potentiality of a low environmental impact process, REEs were recovered as oxalates, while the ligands as well as Bu4N+ ions, were regenerated and internally reused, thus contributing to the sustainability of a possible metal recovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Melegari
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Martina Neri
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Alex Falco
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Matteo Tegoni
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Monica Maffini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Fabio Fornari
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Claudio Mucchino
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Flavia Artizzu
- Department of Sustainable Development and Ecological Transition, University of Eastern Piedmont "A. Avogadro", Piazza S. Eusebio 5, 13100, Vercelli, Italy
| | - Angela Serpe
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture (DICAAR), and Research Unit of INSTM, University of Cagliari, Via Marengo 2, 09123, Cagliari, Italy
- Environmental Geology and Geoengineering Institute of the National Research Council (IGAG-CNR), Piazza d'Armi, 09123, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luciano Marchiò
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
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Bai Z, Scheibe B, Sperling JM, Albrecht-Schönzart TE. Syntheses and Characterization of Tetrazolate-Based Lanthanide Compounds and Selective Crystallization Separation of Neodymium and Dysprosium. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:19193-19202. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuanling Bai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida32306, United States
| | - Benjamin Scheibe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida32306, United States
| | - Joseph M. Sperling
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida32306, United States
| | - Thomas E. Albrecht-Schönzart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida32306, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado80401, United States
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Masuya-Suzuki A, Goto S, Nakamura R, Karashimada R, Kubota Y, Tsunashima R, Iki N. Emergence of the super antenna effect in mixed crystals of ytterbium and lutetium complexes showing near-infrared luminescence. RSC Adv 2022; 12:30598-30604. [PMID: 36337957 PMCID: PMC9597286 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06007h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of luminescent molecular crystalline materials requires a good understanding of the luminescence properties of crystals in which many molecules are densely packed. Previously, we studied the near-infrared (NIR) luminescence of a trivalent ytterbium (Yb(iii)) complex with a Schiff base ligand, tris[2-(5-methylsalicylideneimino)ethyl]amine (H3L). Herein, we extended our study on the Yb complex (YbL) to enhance and understand its solid-state luminescence via mixed crystallization with the lutetium complex (LuL). We prepared (YbL) x (LuL)1-x mixed crystals (x = 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7) and studied their NIR luminescence properties. The NIR luminescence intensity per Yb(iii) ion for (YbL)0.01(LuL)0.99 was determined to be two orders of magnitude larger than that for YbL. The excitation spectral shape of (YbL)0.01(LuL)0.99 was different from the absorption spectral shape of YbL but similar to that of LuL. We attribute this observation to the emergence of an intermolecular energy-migration path. In the mixed crystals, LuL molecules acted as a light-harvesting super antenna for Yb(iii) luminescence. Decay measurements of the NIR luminescence for (YbL) x (LuL)1-x with x > 0.2 showed mono-exponential decay, while (YbL) x (LuL)1-x with x < 0.1 showed a grow-in component, which reflected the lifetime of the intermediate state for energy migration. The decay lifetime values tended to increase with decreasing x, suggesting that Yb(iii) isolation resulted in a reduction in concentration quenching. We propose that the luminescence enhancement in the highly Yb-diluted conditions was mainly caused by an increase in the super antenna effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Masuya-Suzuki
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University 1677-1 Yoshida Yamaguchi 753-8512 Japan
| | - Satoshi Goto
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University 6-6-07 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8579 Japan
| | - Rika Nakamura
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University 6-6-07 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8579 Japan
| | - Ryunosuke Karashimada
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University 6-6-07 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8579 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kubota
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University 1-1 Yanagido Gifu 501-1193 Japan
| | - Ryo Tsunashima
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University 1677-1 Yoshida Yamaguchi 753-8512 Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Iki
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University 6-6-07 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8579 Japan
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Falco A, Neri M, Melegari M, Baraldi L, Bonfant G, Tegoni M, Serpe A, Marchiò L. Semirigid Ligands Enhance Different Coordination Behavior of Nd and Dy Relevant to Their Separation and Recovery in a Non-aqueous Environment. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:16110-16121. [PMID: 36177719 PMCID: PMC9554911 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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Rare-earth elements are widely used in high-end technologies,
the
production of permanent magnets (PMs) being one of the sectors with
the greatest current demand and likely greater future demand. The
combination of Nd and Dy in NdFeB PMs enhances their magnetic properties
but makes their recycling more challenging. Due to the similar chemical
properties of Nd and Dy, their separation is expensive and currently
limited to the small scale. It is therefore crucially important to
devise efficient and selective methods that can recover and then reuse
those critical metals. To address these issues, a series of heptadentate
Trensal-based ligands were used for the complexation of Dy3+ and Nd3+ ions, with the goal of indicating the role of
coordination and solubility equilibria in the selective precipitation
of Ln3+–metal complexes from multimetal non-water
solutions. Specifically, for a 1:1 Nd/Dy mixture, a selective and
fast precipitation of the Dy complex occurred in acetone with the
Trensalp-OMe ligand at room temperature,
with a concomitant enrichment of Nd in the solution phase. In acetone,
complexes of Nd and Dy with Trensalp-OMe were characterized by very similar formation constants of 7.0(2)
and 7.3(2), respectively. From the structural analysis of an array
of Dy and Nd complexes with TrensalR ligands, we showed
that Dy invariably provided complexes with coordination number (cn)
of 7, whereas the larger Nd experienced an expansion of the coordination
sphere by recruiting additional solvent molecules and giving a cn
of >7. The significant structural differences have been identified
as the main premises upon which a suitable separation strategy can
be devised with these kind of ligands, as well as other preorganized
polydentate ligands that can exploit the small differences in Ln3+ coordination requirements. Heptadentate
TrensalR-based ligands were complexed
with Dy3+ and Nd3+ cations. Dy compounds exhibited
an invariable coordination number of 7. Nd complexes presented a coordination
number of ≥8, with the metal having additional solvent or water
molecules in the coordination sphere. The ligand Trensalp-OMe led to a selective precipitation of the
Dy complex in acetone, with a concomitant enrichment of Nd in the
solution phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Falco
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Martina Neri
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Matteo Melegari
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Baraldi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Giulia Bonfant
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Matteo Tegoni
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Angela Serpe
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture (DICAAR) and Research Unit of INSTM, University of Cagliari, Via Marengo 2, 09123 Cagliari, Italy.,Environmental Geology and Geoengineering Institute of the National Research Council (IGAG-CNR), Piazza d'Armi, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luciano Marchiò
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
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