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Zhu L, Li J, Li H, Liu B, Chen J, Jiang S. Crystallization and melting of unentangled poly(ε-caprolactone) cycles containing pendants. SOFT MATTER 2023. [PMID: 37470097 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00591g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The Rouse model provides a basic framework to understand the chain dynamics of polymers, which is confirmed to be more suitable for exploring the linear dynamics of unentangled polymers. The crystalline morphology governed by chain dynamics and crystallization kinetics is expected to differ in linear and cyclic polymers. Cyclic poly(ε-caprolactone)s (c-PCLs) containing two bi-anthracenyl group pendants with molecular weights close to the critical molecular weight (Mc) were synthesized to investigate the chain dynamics based crystallization and melting behavior by DSC, POM, and in situ simultaneous small-angle X-ray scattering/wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) investigations during heating of the isothermally crystallized samples. Double endothermic peaks were observed in the DSC curves with a low heating rate of c-PCLs without entanglement after isothermal crystallization, especially for c-PCLs with Mc. The structure evolution of the crystalline structures observed from the in situ investigations during the heating and double endothermic peaks in DSC heating curves of the c-PCLs indicate the role of pendants in the chain dynamics, which leads to the reorganization of the metastable structures. Banded spherulites of c-PCL without entanglement were observed for the first time, and the uneven growth of spherulites along the radial direction may be caused by the mismatch between chain dynamics and crystallization kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jingqing Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hongfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Binyuan Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, School of Chemical Engineering and Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China.
| | - Jizhong Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Shichun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Zhu L, Li J, Li H, Liu B, Chen J, Jiang S. Effects of end groups and entanglements on crystallization and melting behaviors of poly(ε-caprolactone). SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:2275-2286. [PMID: 36919364 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00127j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The topology including end groups, entanglement loops, and tie molecules has a significant impact on the rheological and crystallization behavior and consequently on the functionality of a polymer. Unentangled, weakly entangled, and strongly entangled poly(ε-caprolactone)s (PCLs) with end groups and various molecular weights were synthesized. POM and DSC were used to observe spherulite growth and characterize thermal properties during crystallization and melting. The viscosity and structure of the samples were probed by rheology and X-ray analysis, respectively. The crossover of the scaling relationship of viscosity vs molecular weight demonstrates that the samples cover a wide range of entanglement density, and the bulky end groups cause deviations from the classical scaling laws. In situ simultaneous SAXS/WAXS investigations showed that the crystal structure of PCLs did not change with end groups and heating. The results of POM and DSC imply that the end groups and entanglements affect the crystallization rate and the spherulite morphology. The melting of PCLs containing end groups was found to be a multi-step process involving various nanoscale crystalline structures. The evolution of nanoscale crystalline structures of isothermally crystallized PCLs during heating was analyzed by fitting 1D SAXS profiles, and the continuous structural evolution was found to be a process influenced by end groups and entanglements. The results show that end groups and entanglements affect the chain dynamics and lead to constrained crystallization behavior and the formation of metastable structures, ultimately affecting the structure evolution during melting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyong Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Jingqing Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Hongfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Binyuan Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, School of Chemical Engineering and Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China.
| | - Jizhong Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Shichun Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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Chen L, Pang X. Facile preparation of highly crystalline poly(L‐lactide) films with inversed wettability and their potential application in oil–water separation. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics Qingdao University of Science & Technology Qingdao China
| | - Xiujiang Pang
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Qingdao University of Science & Technology Qingdao China
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Li HH, Nagarajan S, Chuang WT, Tsai YW, Woo EM. Microscopic and Small-/Wide-Angle Microbeam X-ray Analyses on Dendritic Crystals in Poly(butylene succinate). Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Hua Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Selvaraj Nagarajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Tsung Chuang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC), 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wei Tsai
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC), 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Eamor M. Woo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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Huang KY, Huang YZ, Lee LT, Woo EM. Crystal-by-Crystal Assembly in Two Types of Periodically Banded Aggregates of Poly(p-Dioxanone). Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020393. [PMID: 36679273 PMCID: PMC9866735 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The exterior and interior lamellar assemblies of poly(p-dioxanone) (PPDO) crystallized at 76 °C yield the most regular ones to interpret the 3D assembly mechanisms and potential for structural coloration iridescence, which are investigated using atomic-force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). PPDO displays two types of ring-banded spherulites within a range of Tc with dual-type birefringent spherulites (positive and negative-type) only within a narrow range of Tcs = 70−78 °C. At Tc > 80 °C, the inter-band spacing decreases from a maximum and the crystal assembly becomes irregularly corrupted and loses the capacity for light interference. Periodic grating assemblies are probed by in-depth 3D dissection into periodically banded crystal aggregates of poly(p-dioxanone) (PPDO) to disclose such layered gratings possessing iridescence features similar to nature’s structural coloration. This work amply demonstrates that grating assembly by orderly stacked crystal layers is feasible not only for accounting for the periodic birefringent ring bands with polarized light but also the distinct iridescence by interfering with white light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Ying Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 701-01, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Zhe Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 701-01, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ting Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 407-24, Taiwan
| | - Eamor M. Woo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 701-01, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-6-275-7575 (ext. 62670)
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Safitri BFS, Nagarajan S, Woo EM. Self-Assembly Modulation of Stereocomplexes of Chiral 2-Hydroxy-2-Phenylacetic Acids in Poly(ethylene oxide). Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c03449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Selvaraj Nagarajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 701-01, Taiwan
| | - Eamor M. Woo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 701-01, Taiwan
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Polymorphism and grating assembly with unique iridescence features in periodically banded Poly(ethylene adipate). POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Huang KY, Woo EM, Nagarajan S. Unique Periodic Rings Composed of Fractal-Growth Dendritic Branching in Poly(p-dioxanone). Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14040805. [PMID: 35215718 PMCID: PMC8963038 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Amorphous poly(p-vinyl phenol) (PVPh) was added into semicrystalline poly(p-dioxanone) (PPDO) to induce a uniquely novel dendritic/ringed morphology. Polarized-light optical, atomic-force and scanning electron microscopy (POM, AFM, and SEM) techniques were used to observe the crystal arrangement of a uniquely peculiar cactus-like dendritic PPDO spherulite, with periodic ring bands not continuingly circular such as those conventional types reported in the literature, but discrete and detached to self-assemble on each of the branches of the lobs. Correlations and responsible mechanisms for the formation of this peculiar banded-dendritic structure were analyzed. The periodic bands on the top surface and interior of each of the cactus-like lobs were discussed. The banded pattern was composed of feather-like lamellae in random fractals alternately varying their orientations from the radial direction to the tangential one. The tail ends of lamellae at the growth front spawned nucleation cites for new branches; in cycles, the feather-like lamellae self-divided into multiple branches following the Fibonacci sequence to fill the ever-expanding space with the increase of the radius. The branching fractals in the sequence and the periodic ring-banded assembly on each of the segregated lobs of cactus-like dendrites were the key characteristics leading to the formation of this unique dendritic/ringed PPDO spherulite.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eamor M. Woo
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-6-275-7575 (ext. 62670)
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