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Casali L, Carta M, Michalchuk AAL, Delogu F, Emmerling F. Kinetics of the mechanically induced ibuprofen-nicotinamide co-crystal formation by in situ X-ray diffraction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:22041-22048. [PMID: 39113537 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01457j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Mechanochemistry is drawing attention from the pharmaceutical industry given its potential for sustainable material synthesis and manufacture. Scaling mechanochemical processes to industrial level remains a challenge due to an incomplete understanding of their underlying mechanisms. We here show how time-resolved in situ powder X-ray diffraction data, coupled with analytical kinetic modelling, provides a powerful approach to gain mechanistic insight into mechanochemical reactions. By using the ibuprofen-nicotinamide co-crystal mechanosynthesis as a benchmark system, we investigate the behaviour of the solids involved and identify the factors that promote the reaction. As mechanochemical mechanisms become increasingly clear, it promises to become a breakthrough in the industrial preparation of advanced pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Casali
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Maria Carta
- Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, via Marengo 2, 09123 Cagliari, Italy.
- Center for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI), Cagliari Research unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 - Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Adam A L Michalchuk
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Francesco Delogu
- Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, via Marengo 2, 09123 Cagliari, Italy.
- Center for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI), Cagliari Research unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 - Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Franziska Emmerling
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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Beeckman F, Annetta L, Corrochano-Monsalve M, Beeckman T, Motte H. Enhancing agroecosystem nitrogen management: microbial insights for improved nitrification inhibition. Trends Microbiol 2024; 32:590-601. [PMID: 37973432 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Nitrification is a key microbial process in the nitrogen (N) cycle that converts ammonia to nitrate. Excessive nitrification, typically occurring in agroecosystems, has negative environmental impacts, including eutrophication and greenhouse gas emissions. Nitrification inhibitors (NIs) are widely used to manage N in agricultural systems by reducing nitrification rates and improving N use efficiency. However, the effectiveness of NIs can vary depending on the soil conditions, which, in turn, affect the microbial community and the balance between different functional groups of nitrifying microorganisms. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of NIs, and how this is affected by the soil microbial communities or abiotic factors, is crucial for promoting sustainable fertilizer practices. Therefore, this review examines the different types of NIs and how abiotic parameters can influence the nitrifying community, and, therefore, the efficacy of NIs. By discussing the latest research in this field, we provide insights that could facilitate the development of more targeted, efficient, or complementary NIs that improve the application of NIs for sustainable management practices in agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Beeckman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laure Annetta
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mario Corrochano-Monsalve
- Departamento de Genética, Antropología Física y Fisiología Animal, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Instituto Multidisciplinar Para el Estudio del Medio 'Ramon Margalef', Universidad de Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
| | - Tom Beeckman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hans Motte
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
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Boldyreva E. Spiers Memorial Lecture: Mechanochemistry, tribochemistry, mechanical alloying - retrospect, achievements and challenges. Faraday Discuss 2023; 241:9-62. [PMID: 36519434 DOI: 10.1039/d2fd00149g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The paper presents a view on the achievements, challenges and prospects of mechanochemistry. The extensive reference list can serve as a good entry point to a plethora of mechanochemical literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Boldyreva
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS & Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.
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Marrero EM, Caprara CJ, Gilbert CN, Blanco EE, Blair RG. Piezoelectric harvesting of mechanical energy for redox chemistry. Faraday Discuss 2023; 241:91-103. [PMID: 36222502 DOI: 10.1039/d2fd00084a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Much work has been done in the utilization of mechanical force to enable chemical processes. However, this process is limited to thermal- and deformation-driven reactions. In fact, the transfer of energy in mechanical reactors can be quite inefficient, with energy lost to heat and mechanical deformation. Although these losses diminish at larger scales, small-scale reactions (from a few milligrams to a kilogram) can suffer from unfavorable energy demands. Recent work has sought to harvest unused energy in mechanical reactors by converting it to a flow of electrons through the use of piezoelectric materials, as many economically important reactions rely on the transfer of electrons to enact chemical change. Recent work has shown that the addition of piezoelectric powders to mechanochemical reactions results in enhanced yields for reductive and oxidative chemistry. However, these materials ultimately contaminate the end product and must be removed. Additionally, impacts on a piezoelectric material produce an AC output; limiting this approach's usefulness to irreversible reactions. We have developed a cleaner approach using an external piezoelectric element to either supply or sink electrons during milling. Methylene blue was reduced to leucomethylene blue using our approach. Mechanochemical reaction rates for this reduction were determined with respect to media quantities and sizes with a maximum rate of 7.76 μM s-1. It was found that the conversion rate is linearly dependent on the number of media and geometrically dependent on the size of the media. Our approach allows selective reduction and eliminates contamination of the products with piezoelectric material. Shuttling electrons in a mechanochemical reaction will enable difficult chemistry, such as the reduction of CO2 or the production of low oxidation state inorganic compounds, to be achieved more easily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elan M Marrero
- Florida Space Institute, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.
| | - Christian J Caprara
- Florida Space Institute, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.
| | - Colin N Gilbert
- Florida Space Institute, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.
| | - Emma E Blanco
- Florida Space Institute, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.
| | - Richard G Blair
- Florida Space Institute, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA. .,Renewable Energy and Chemical Transformations Cluster (REACT), University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
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Grepioni F, Casali L, Fiore C, Mazzei L, Sun R, Shemchuk O, Braga D. Steps towards a nature inspired inorganic crystal engineering. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:7390-7400. [PMID: 35466980 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00834c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This Perspective outlines the results obtained at the University of Bologna by applying crystal engineering strategies to develop nature inspired organic-inorganic materials to tackle challenges in the health and environment sectors. It is shown by means of a number of examples that co-crystallization of inorganic salts, such as alkali and transition metal halides, with organic compounds, such as amino acids, urea, thiourea and quaternary ammonium salts, can be successfully used for (i) chiral resolution and conglomerate formation from racemic compounds, (ii) inhibition of soil enzyme activity in order to reduce urea decomposition and environmental pollution, and (iii) preparation of novel agents to tackle antimicrobial resistance. All materials described in this Perspective have been obtained by mechanochemical solvent-free or slurry methods and characterized by solid state techniques. The fundamental idea is that a crystal engineering approach based on the choice of intermolecular interactions (coordination and hydrogen bonds) between organic and inorganic compounds allows obtaining materials with collective properties that are different, and often very much superior to those of the separate components. It is also demonstrated that the success of this strategy depends crucially on cross-disciplinary synergistic exchange with expert scientists in the areas of bioinorganics, microbiology, and chirality application-oriented developments of these novel materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizia Grepioni
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Lucia Casali
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Fiore
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Luca Mazzei
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Viale Giuseppe Fanin 40, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Renren Sun
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy. .,School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzou, Henan Province, The People's Republic of China
| | - Oleksii Shemchuk
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, UCLouvain, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, B-1348, Belgium
| | - Dario Braga
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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Michalchuk AAL, Emmerling F. Time-Resolved In Situ Monitoring of Mechanochemical Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202117270. [PMID: 35128778 PMCID: PMC9400867 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202117270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mechanochemical transformations offer environmentally benign synthesis routes, whilst enhancing both the speed and selectivity of reactions. In this regard, mechanochemistry promises to transform the way in which chemistry is done in both academia and industry but is greatly hindered by a current lack of mechanistic understanding. The continued development and use of time-resolved in situ (TRIS) approaches to monitor mechanochemical reactions provides a new dimension to elucidate these fascinating transformations. We here discuss recent trends in method development that have pushed the boundaries of mechanochemical research. New features of mechanochemical reactions obtained by TRIS techniques are subsequently discussed, which sheds light on how different TRIS approaches have been used. Emphasis is placed on the strength of combining complementary techniques. Finally, we outline our views on the potential of TRIS methods in mechanochemical research, towards establishing a new, environmentally benign paradigm in the chemical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam A. L. Michalchuk
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and TestingRichard-Willstätter-Strasse1112489BerlinGermany
| | - Franziska Emmerling
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and TestingRichard-Willstätter-Strasse1112489BerlinGermany
- Department of ChemistryHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Strasse 212489BerlinGermany
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Lukin S, Germann LS, Friščić T, Halasz I. Toward Mechanistic Understanding of Mechanochemical Reactions Using Real-Time In Situ Monitoring. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:1262-1277. [PMID: 35446551 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The past two decades have witnessed a rapid emergence of interest in mechanochemistry-chemical and materials reactivity achieved or sustained by the action of mechanical force-which has led to application of mechanochemistry to almost all areas of modern chemical and materials synthesis: from organic, inorganic, and organometallic chemistry to enzymatic reactions, formation of metal-organic frameworks, hybrid perovskites, and nanoparticle-based materials. The recent success of mechanochemistry by ball milling has also raised questions about the underlying mechanisms and has led to the realization that the rational development and effective harnessing of mechanochemical reactivity for cleaner and more efficient chemical manufacturing will critically depend on establishing a mechanistic understanding of these reactions. Despite their long history, the development of such a knowledge framework for mechanochemical reactions is still incomplete. This is in part due to the, until recently, unsurmountable challenge of directly observing transformations taking place in a rapidly oscillating or rotating milling vessel, with the sample being under the continuous impact of milling media. A transformative change in mechanistic studies of milling reactions was recently introduced through the first two methodologies for real-time in situ monitoring based on synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Introduced in 2013 and 2014, the two new techniques have inspired a period of tremendous method development, resulting also in new techniques for mechanistic mechanochemical studies that are based on temperature and/or pressure monitoring, extended X-ray fine structure (EXAFS), and, latest, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The new technologies available for real-time monitoring have now inspired the development of experimental strategies and advanced data analysis approaches for the identification and quantification of short-lived reaction intermediates, the development of new mechanistic models, as well as the emergence of more complex monitoring methodologies based on two or three simultaneous monitoring approaches. The use of these new opportunities has, in less than a decade, enabled the first real-time observations of mechanochemical reaction kinetics and the first studies of how the presence of additives, or other means of modifying the mechanochemical reaction, influence reaction rates and pathways. These studies have revealed multistep reaction mechanisms, enabled the identification of autocatalysis, as well as identified molecules and materials that have previously not been known or have even been considered not possible to synthesize through conventional approaches. Mechanistic studies through in situ powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and Raman spectroscopy have highlighted the formation of supramolecular complexes (for example, cocrystals) as critical intermediates in organic and metal-organic synthesis and have also been combined with isotope labeling strategies to provide a deeper insight into mechanochemical reaction mechanisms and atomic and molecular dynamics under milling conditions. This Account provides an overview of this exciting, rapidly evolving field by presenting the development and concepts behind the new methodologies for real-time in situ monitoring of mechanochemical reactions, outlining key advances in mechanistic understanding of mechanochemistry, and presenting selected studies important for pushing forward the boundaries of measurement techniques, data analysis, and mapping of reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stipe Lukin
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luzia S. Germann
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal, Canada
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal, Canada
| | - Ivan Halasz
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Michalchuk AAL, Emmerling F. Zeitaufgelöste In‐Situ‐Untersuchungen von mechanochemischen Reaktionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202117270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam A. L. Michalchuk
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11 12489 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Franziska Emmerling
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11 12489 Berlin Deutschland
- Department of Chemistry Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Straße 2 12489 Berlin Deutschland
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Zhang J, Zhang XJ, Cosnier S, Shan D. Cu( ii)-assisted self-assembly of dicyandiamide-derived carbon dots: construction inspired from chemical evolution and its H 2O 2 sensing application. Analyst 2022; 147:5324-5333. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an01232d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In the rapid development of artificial nanomaterials comparable to biological enzymes, we propose herein a novel concept for the construction of functional materials inspired from chemical evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094 Jiangsu, China
| | - Xue-Ji Zhang
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094 Jiangsu, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P R China
| | - Serge Cosnier
- University of Grenoble Alpes-CNRS, DCM UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Dan Shan
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094 Jiangsu, China
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