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Loomba S, Khan MW, Haris M, Mousavi SM, Zavabeti A, Xu K, Tadich A, Thomsen L, McConville CF, Li Y, Walia S, Mahmood N. Nitrogen-Doped Porous Nickel Molybdenum Phosphide Sheets for Efficient Seawater Splitting. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207310. [PMID: 36751959 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen is emerging as an alternative clean fuel; however, its dependency on freshwater will be a threat to a sustainable environment. Seawater, an unlimited source, can be an alternative, but its salt-rich nature causes corrosion and introduces several competing reactions, hindering its use. To overcome these, a unique catalyst composed of porous sheets of nitrogen-doped NiMo3 P (N-NiMo3 P) having a sheet size of several microns is designed. The presence of large homogenous pores in the basal plane of these sheets makes them catalytically more active and ensures faster mass transfer. The introduction of N and Ni into MoP significantly tunes the electronic density of Mo, surface chemistry, and metal-non-metal bond lengths, optimizing surface energies, creating new active sites, and increasing electrical conductivity. The presence of metal-nitrogen bonds and surface polyanions increases the stability and improves anti-corrosive properties against chlorine chemistry. Ultimately, the N-NiMo3 P sheets show remarkable performance as it only requires overpotentials of 23 and 35 mV for hydrogen evolution reaction, and it catalyzes full water splitting at 1.52 and 1.55 V to achieve 10 mA cm-2 in 1 m KOH and seawater, respectively. Hence, structural and compositional control can make catalysts effective in realizing low-cost hydrogen directly from seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Loomba
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | | | - Muhammad Haris
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | | | - Ali Zavabeti
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Kai Xu
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Anton Tadich
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Lars Thomsen
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | | | - Yongxiang Li
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Sumeet Walia
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Nasir Mahmood
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
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Sokolov DY, Yerezhep D, Vorobyova O, Ramos MA, Shinbayeva A. Optical Studies of Thin Films of Cryocondensed Mixtures of Water and Admixture of Nitrogen and Argon. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15217441. [PMID: 36363035 PMCID: PMC9658122 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of host molecules with water molecules is of primary importance in astrophysical and atmospheric studies. Water-binding interactions continue to attract a broad interest in various fields, especially those related to the formation of assembly structures. Using the physical vapor deposition (PVD) method and a two-beam interferometer with a wavelength of 406 nm, the refractive indices of thin films of a water and nitrogen (argon) mixture were calculated in the range from 15 to 35 K. The results of temperature transformations of the obtained films from a two-beam interferometer, and thermal desorption characteristics from the temperature of condensation to the temperature of evaporation of water (15-180 K), are presented. The relationship between the signal of the interferometer, the refractive index, and the film thickness during glass transition is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy Y. Sokolov
- Department of Thermal Physics and Technical Physics, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Av. 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
- Department of Machines and Devices of Manufacturing Processes, Almaty Technological University, Tole Bi Av. 100, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
| | - Darkhan Yerezhep
- Department of Thermal Physics and Technical Physics, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Av. 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Olga Vorobyova
- Department of Thermal Physics and Technical Physics, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Av. 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
- Department of Machines and Devices of Manufacturing Processes, Almaty Technological University, Tole Bi Av. 100, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
| | - Miguel A. Ramos
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Instituto “Nicolás Cabrera”, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Micro-Análisis de Materiales (CMAM), Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ainura Shinbayeva
- Department of Thermal Physics and Technical Physics, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Av. 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
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