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Conversion of Alcohols on Stoichiometric and Reduced Rutile TiO2 (110): Point Defects Meet Bifunctionality in Oxide (Photo-)Chemistry. Catal Letters 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-022-04077-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
AbstractOxidic (photo-)catalysts have the potential to play an important role to efficiently implement sustainable feedstocks and green energy sources into future energy technologies. They may be used not only for solar energy harvesting, but also for hydrogen production or being essential for the fabrication of fine chemicals. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a detailed understanding of how the atomistic environment of the catalyst can be designed in order to promote distinct reaction pathways to influence the final product distribution of chemical reactions. In this perspective article, we survey the surface (photo-)chemistry of methanol on rutile TiO2 surfaces and hybrid catalysts based thereon. Especially the role of the surface bifunctionality by Lewis acidic and basic sites combined with the strong impact of point defects such as reduced titanium sites (mainly Ti3+ interstitials) shall be illuminated. It is shown how the selective activation of either O–H, C–H or C–O bonds in the methanol molecule can be used to tune not only the overall conversion, but to switch between oxidative and reductive routes in favor of either deoxygenation, partial oxidation or C–C coupling reactions. Especially the latter ones are of particular interest to introduce methanol from green sources such as biomass as a sustainable feedstock into already existing petrochemical technologies.
Graphical Abstract
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Córdova-Pérez GE, Cortez-Elizalde J, Silahua-Pavón AA, Cervantes-Uribe A, Arévalo-Pérez JC, Cordero-Garcia A, de los Monteros AEE, Espinosa-González CG, Godavarthi S, Ortiz-Chi F, Guerra-Que Z, Torres-Torres JG. γ-Valerolactone Production from Levulinic Acid Hydrogenation Using Ni Supported Nanoparticles: Influence of Tungsten Loading and pH of Synthesis. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12122017. [PMID: 35745357 PMCID: PMC9228888 DOI: 10.3390/nano12122017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
γ-Valerolactone (GVL) has been considered an alternative as biofuel in the production of carbon-based chemicals; however, the use of noble metals and corrosive solvents has been a problem. In this work, Ni supported nanocatalysts were prepared to produce γ-Valerolactone from levulinic acid using methanol as solvent at a temperature of 170 °C utilizing 4 MPa of H2. Supports were modified at pH 3 using acetic acid (CH3COOH) and pH 9 using ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) with different tungsten (W) loadings (1%, 3%, and 5%) by the Sol-gel method. Ni was deposited by the suspension impregnation method. The catalysts were characterized by various techniques including XRD, N2 physisorption, UV-Vis, SEM, TEM, XPS, H2-TPR, and Pyridine FTIR. Based on the study of acidity and activity relation, Ni dispersion due to the Lewis acid sites contributed by W at pH 9, producing nanoparticles smaller than 10 nm of Ni, and could be responsible for the high esterification activity of levulinic acid (LA) to Methyl levulinate being more selective to catalytic hydrogenation. Products and by-products were analyzed by 1H NMR. Optimum catalytic activity was obtained with 5% W at pH 9, with 80% yield after 24 h of reaction. The higher catalytic activity was attributed to the particle size and the amount of Lewis acid sites generated by modifying the pH of synthesis and the amount of W in the support due to the spillover effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo E. Córdova-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Nanomateriales Catalíticos Aplicados al Desarrollo de Fuentes de Energía y Remediación Ambiental, Centro de Investigación de Ciencia y Tecnología Aplicada de Tabasco (CICTAT), DACB, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Km.1 Carretera Cunduacán-Jalpa de Méndez, Cunduacan CP 86690, Tabasco, Mexico; (G.E.C.-P.); (J.C.-E.); (A.A.S.-P.); (A.C.-U.); (J.C.A.-P.); (A.C.-G.); (A.E.E.d.l.M.)
| | - Jorge Cortez-Elizalde
- Laboratorio de Nanomateriales Catalíticos Aplicados al Desarrollo de Fuentes de Energía y Remediación Ambiental, Centro de Investigación de Ciencia y Tecnología Aplicada de Tabasco (CICTAT), DACB, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Km.1 Carretera Cunduacán-Jalpa de Méndez, Cunduacan CP 86690, Tabasco, Mexico; (G.E.C.-P.); (J.C.-E.); (A.A.S.-P.); (A.C.-U.); (J.C.A.-P.); (A.C.-G.); (A.E.E.d.l.M.)
| | - Adib Abiu Silahua-Pavón
- Laboratorio de Nanomateriales Catalíticos Aplicados al Desarrollo de Fuentes de Energía y Remediación Ambiental, Centro de Investigación de Ciencia y Tecnología Aplicada de Tabasco (CICTAT), DACB, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Km.1 Carretera Cunduacán-Jalpa de Méndez, Cunduacan CP 86690, Tabasco, Mexico; (G.E.C.-P.); (J.C.-E.); (A.A.S.-P.); (A.C.-U.); (J.C.A.-P.); (A.C.-G.); (A.E.E.d.l.M.)
| | - Adrián Cervantes-Uribe
- Laboratorio de Nanomateriales Catalíticos Aplicados al Desarrollo de Fuentes de Energía y Remediación Ambiental, Centro de Investigación de Ciencia y Tecnología Aplicada de Tabasco (CICTAT), DACB, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Km.1 Carretera Cunduacán-Jalpa de Méndez, Cunduacan CP 86690, Tabasco, Mexico; (G.E.C.-P.); (J.C.-E.); (A.A.S.-P.); (A.C.-U.); (J.C.A.-P.); (A.C.-G.); (A.E.E.d.l.M.)
| | - Juan Carlos Arévalo-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Nanomateriales Catalíticos Aplicados al Desarrollo de Fuentes de Energía y Remediación Ambiental, Centro de Investigación de Ciencia y Tecnología Aplicada de Tabasco (CICTAT), DACB, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Km.1 Carretera Cunduacán-Jalpa de Méndez, Cunduacan CP 86690, Tabasco, Mexico; (G.E.C.-P.); (J.C.-E.); (A.A.S.-P.); (A.C.-U.); (J.C.A.-P.); (A.C.-G.); (A.E.E.d.l.M.)
| | - Adrián Cordero-Garcia
- Laboratorio de Nanomateriales Catalíticos Aplicados al Desarrollo de Fuentes de Energía y Remediación Ambiental, Centro de Investigación de Ciencia y Tecnología Aplicada de Tabasco (CICTAT), DACB, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Km.1 Carretera Cunduacán-Jalpa de Méndez, Cunduacan CP 86690, Tabasco, Mexico; (G.E.C.-P.); (J.C.-E.); (A.A.S.-P.); (A.C.-U.); (J.C.A.-P.); (A.C.-G.); (A.E.E.d.l.M.)
| | - Alejandra E. Espinosa de los Monteros
- Laboratorio de Nanomateriales Catalíticos Aplicados al Desarrollo de Fuentes de Energía y Remediación Ambiental, Centro de Investigación de Ciencia y Tecnología Aplicada de Tabasco (CICTAT), DACB, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Km.1 Carretera Cunduacán-Jalpa de Méndez, Cunduacan CP 86690, Tabasco, Mexico; (G.E.C.-P.); (J.C.-E.); (A.A.S.-P.); (A.C.-U.); (J.C.A.-P.); (A.C.-G.); (A.E.E.d.l.M.)
| | - Claudia G. Espinosa-González
- Investigadoras e Investigadores por Mexico, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, División Académica de Ciencias Básicas, Centro de Investigación de Ciencia y Tecnología Aplicada de Tabasco (CICTAT), Km.1 Carretera Cunduacán-Jalpa de Méndez, Cunduacan CP 86690, Tabasco, Mexico; (C.G.E.-G.); (S.G.); (F.O.-C.)
| | - Srinivas Godavarthi
- Investigadoras e Investigadores por Mexico, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, División Académica de Ciencias Básicas, Centro de Investigación de Ciencia y Tecnología Aplicada de Tabasco (CICTAT), Km.1 Carretera Cunduacán-Jalpa de Méndez, Cunduacan CP 86690, Tabasco, Mexico; (C.G.E.-G.); (S.G.); (F.O.-C.)
| | - Filiberto Ortiz-Chi
- Investigadoras e Investigadores por Mexico, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, División Académica de Ciencias Básicas, Centro de Investigación de Ciencia y Tecnología Aplicada de Tabasco (CICTAT), Km.1 Carretera Cunduacán-Jalpa de Méndez, Cunduacan CP 86690, Tabasco, Mexico; (C.G.E.-G.); (S.G.); (F.O.-C.)
| | - Zenaida Guerra-Que
- Tecnológico Nacional de México Campus Villahermosa, Laboratorio de Investigción 1 Área de Nanotecnología, Km. 3.5 Carretera Villahermosa–Frontera, Cd. Industrial, Villahermosa CP 86010, Tabasco, Mexico;
| | - José Gilberto Torres-Torres
- Laboratorio de Nanomateriales Catalíticos Aplicados al Desarrollo de Fuentes de Energía y Remediación Ambiental, Centro de Investigación de Ciencia y Tecnología Aplicada de Tabasco (CICTAT), DACB, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Km.1 Carretera Cunduacán-Jalpa de Méndez, Cunduacan CP 86690, Tabasco, Mexico; (G.E.C.-P.); (J.C.-E.); (A.A.S.-P.); (A.C.-U.); (J.C.A.-P.); (A.C.-G.); (A.E.E.d.l.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-191-4336-0300; Fax: +52-191-4336-0928
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Mohrhusen L, Kräuter J, Al-Shamery K. Conversion of methanol on rutile TiO 2(110) and tungsten oxide clusters: 2. The role of defects and electron transfer in bifunctional oxidic photocatalysts. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:12148-12157. [PMID: 34018509 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01176f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The photochemical conversion of organic compounds on tailored transition metal oxide surfaces by UV irradiation has found wide applications ranging from the production of chemicals to the degradation of organic pollutants e.g. in waste water treatment. Here, we present a systematic surface science-based study of the UV photoconversion of methanol on a rutile TiO2(110) surface. Under the used conditions, the dominant photoreaction is the photo-oxidation forming formaldehyde, that is drastically boosted by the presence of adsorbed oxygen as well as (sub-)surface defects such as oxygen vacancies and Ti3+ interstitials. Moreover, a photostimulated and Ti3+ mediated C-C coupling was observed leading to the production of ethene. We have further deposited tungsten oxide clusters on the rutile surface and examined the impact on the methanol photochemistry. In this case, the C-C coupling can be suppressed. Surprisingly, especially for high Ti3+ contents the population of the photochemical pathway is quenched in favor of the population of the thermal reaction yielding more methane from the deoxygenation reaction. So, the common concept that long time charge separation is efficient by combining two photocatalysts with similar band gaps, but different work functions in order to enhance photochemical yields is apparently too naive for certain systems. We attribute the loss of photoproducts with tungsten oxide coadsorption to the "pinning" of Ti3+ centers and a related enhancement of electron density near the oxide clusters which makes a concomitant recombination of the photochemical relevant holes with the excess surface electrons more likely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Mohrhusen
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky Strasse 9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Jessica Kräuter
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky Strasse 9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Katharina Al-Shamery
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky Strasse 9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany.
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