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Li T, Xue L, Ma L, Wang X, Fan X, Cui B, Tang L, Yao W, Zhang T, Shen L, Liu H. Theoretical design of phosphorus-doped perylene derivatives as efficient singlet fission chromophores. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:25848-25860. [PMID: 39356185 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp02048k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
Singlet fission (SF) is considered as a promising strategy to overcome the Shockley-Queisser limit of single-junction solar cells. However, only a handful of chromophores were observed to undergo SF to date. To broaden the number of SF chromophores, we designed a series of phosphorus-doped perylenes based on the diradical character strategy and examined their SF feasibility using theoretical calculations. By analysis of frontier orbitals, diradical character and aromaticity, SF-capable candidates were prescreened. These analyses reveal that the diradical character of perylene is effectively enhanced by P-doping at bay- and peri-positions of perylene, making SF more thermodynamically feasible. However, the diradical character remains nearly unchanged when P atoms are doped at ortho-positions because the spin center cannot be stabilized, leading to a more endothermic SF. This study shows how SF-related energies and diradical character of SF chromophores are altered by P doping, and extends the SF-capable molecular library.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China.
| | - Lin Xue
- Jinan Ecology and Environment Monitoring Center of Shandong Province, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Lishuang Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China.
| | - Xianyuan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China.
| | - Xiaonan Fan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China.
| | - Boce Cui
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China.
| | - Linglong Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China.
| | - Wen Yao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China.
| | - Teng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China.
| | - Li Shen
- College of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Chemistry, Weifang University, Weifang, 261061, China.
| | - Heyuan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China.
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Patra R, Das M. Designing an Efficient Singlet Fission Material with B-N Substitution in Pyrene: A Model Exact Study. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:7375-7383. [PMID: 39167053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c03346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
The electronic structure of boron (B)-nitrogen (N)-substituted pyrene molecules is the center of attraction in designing an efficient intermolecular singlet fission (x-SF) material. Thermodynamic energy criteria required for x-SF are obtained by captodative substitution with B and N in pristine pyrene to increase the lowest singlet-triplet energy gap. We computed low-lying excited states of BN-embedded pyrene molecules by exactly solving the Pariser-Parr-Pople (PPP) model Hamiltonian and compared these results with the TDDFT and EOM-CCSD values. Exact diagonalization of the PPP model Hamiltonian suggests that pristine pyrene, which is endothermic for x-SF, becomes isoergic with certain (BN)2 substitution. The low-lying excited state energies calculated using the model Hamiltonian match very well with experimental values over EOM-CCSD and TDDFT. Moreover, the low value of the spin-orbit coupling constant calculated for BN-substituted pyrene strengthens its applicability as an SF material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramen Patra
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Mousumi Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
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3
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Greiner JE, Singh A, Röhr MIS. Functionality optimization for effective singlet fission coupling screening in the full-dimensional molecular and intermolecular coordinate space. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:19257-19265. [PMID: 38958634 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01274g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
In computational chemistry, accurately predicting molecular configurations that exhibit specific properties remains a critical challenge. Its intricacies become especially evident in the study of molecular aggregates, where the light-induced functionality is tied to highly structure-dependent electronic couplings between molecules. Here, we present an efficient strategy for the targeted screening of the structural space employing a "functionality optimization" technique, in which a chosen descriptor, constrained by the ground state energy expression, is optimized. The chosen algorithmic differentiation (AD) framework allows one to automatically obtain gradients without its tedious implementation. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach by identifying perylene bisimide (PBI) dimer motifs with enhanced effective SF coupling. Our findings reveal that certain structural modifications of the PBI monomer, such as helical twisting and bending as well as slipped-rotated packing arrangements, can significantly increase the effective SF coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes E Greiner
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Theodor-Boveri Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anurag Singh
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Theodor-Boveri Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Merle I S Röhr
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Theodor-Boveri Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Borislavov L, Nedyalkova M, Tadjer A, Aydemir O, Romanova J. Machine Learning-Based Screening for Potential Singlet Fission Chromophores: The Challenge of Imbalanced Data Sets. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:10103-10112. [PMID: 37921710 PMCID: PMC10659028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Excitation with one photon of a singlet fission (SF) material generates two triplet excitons, thus doubling the solar cell efficiency. Therefore, the SF molecules are regarded as new generation organic photovoltaics, but it is hard to identify them. Recently, it was demonstrated that molecules of low-to-intermediate diradical character (DRC) are potential SF chromophores. This prompts a low-cost strategy for finding new SF candidates by computational high-throughput workflows. We propose a machine learning aided screening for SF entrants based on their DRC. Our data set comprises 469 784 compounds extracted from the PubChem database, structurally rich but inherently imbalanced regarding DRC values. We developed well performing classification models that can retrieve potential SF chromophores. The latter (∼4%) were analyzed by K-means clustering to reveal qualitative structure-property relationships and to extract strategies for molecular design. The developed screening procedure and data set can be easily adapted for applications of diradicaloids in photonics and spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyuben Borislavov
- Institute
of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian
Academy of Sciences, 11 Akad. Georgi Bonchev str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Miroslava Nedyalkova
- Chemistry
Department, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University, 1 James Bourchier Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Alia Tadjer
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University, 1 James Bourchier Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Onder Aydemir
- Faculty
of Engineering, Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Julia Romanova
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University, 1 James Bourchier Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Tonami T, Nakano M, Kishi R, Kitagawa Y. Effects of introducing nitrogen atoms into oligoacene skeleton on vibronic coupling and singlet fission dynamics. Chem Phys Lett 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2023.140311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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6
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Jadhav SD, Sasikumar D, Hariharan M. Modulating singlet fission through interchromophoric rotation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:16193-16199. [PMID: 35749225 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01116f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Singlet fission (SF) is a spin-allowed, exciton-multiplying phenomenon that can be utilized to improve the efficiency of organic solar cells. It is well-understood that SF is sensitive to the local crystal morphology and an appropriately balanced coupling is essential to facilitate efficient SF. In this study, we show how the interchromophoric rotation selectively modulates the interaction between the monomer frontier molecular orbitals, promoting both fast and exothermal SF. We evaluate the effective electronic coupling for SF (VSF), the square of which is proportional to the SF rate, and the effective energies of the Frenkel exciton (FE/S1S0) and triplet pair exciton (TT) in a terrylene dimer model. Optimal interplanar rotation of the chromophoric moieties in slip-stacked arrangements pulls the effective energy of the TT state below that of the FE state. Consequently, SF is favored over competing pathways such as excimer formation, thereby enhancing the overall triplet yield. This work represents a step towards improvising the molecular design guidelines for SF and understanding the importance of interchromophoric rotation over the conventional slip-stacked arrangements for achieving favorable intermolecular electronic coupling towards efficient SF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohan D Jadhav
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India.
| | - Devika Sasikumar
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India.
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India.
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Walia R, Yang J. Exploring optimal multimode vibronic pathways in singlet fission of azaborine analogues of perylene. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022; 21:1689-1700. [PMID: 35716333 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00251-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of new singlet fission chromophores is a vibrant area of research to explore the possibility of efficient photovoltaic devices. Using high-level ab-initio density matrix renormalization group calculations, we present a systematic analysis of BN-doped perylenes for their potential application as singlet fission candidates. Four singlet fission chromophores are identified considering the monomer-based properties and their excitonic characters are further analyzed in a dimer configuration optimized in a six-dimensional space for local maxima of fission rates. Furthermore, a multistate multimode vibronic Hamiltonian is employed to identify intra- and interstate vibrational pathways for excitation energy modulation. Several photophysical properties such as Davydov splitting, activation energy and vibronic admixture of multiexcitonic and charge-transfer states are calculated for physically accessible dimers. The optimal dimer packing results in appropriate vibrational relaxation of singlet fission states and promotes significant population transfer which would be more attenuated without such couplings. This work not only identifies potential singlet fission systems with favorable electronic properties but also highlights the sensitivity of dimer packings with respect to the substitution patterns in singlet fission chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Walia
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Computational design of singlet fission biradicaloid chromophores. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.113807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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9
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Schleier D, Schaffner D, Gerlach M, Hemberger P, Fischer I. Threshold photoelectron spectroscopy of iminoborane, HBNH. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 24:20-24. [PMID: 34889911 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04899f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the mass-selected threshold photoelectron spectrum (ms-TPES) of iminoborane (HBNH), generated by pyrolysis of borazine. The adiabatic ionization energy (IE) of the X+ 2Π ← X 1Σ+ transition was determined to be 11.31 ± 0.02 eV and the wavenumber of the B-N stretching vibration in the cation was measured to be 1550 cm-1. The Renner-Teller splitting in the X+ 2Π state gives rise to two sets of vibrational progressions, separated by 70 meV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenik Schleier
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg D-97074, Germany.
| | - Dorothee Schaffner
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg D-97074, Germany.
| | - Marius Gerlach
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg D-97074, Germany.
| | - Patrick Hemberger
- Laboratory for Femtochemistry and Synchrotron Radiation, Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), Villigen CH-5232, Switzerland.
| | - Ingo Fischer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg D-97074, Germany.
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