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Huang B, Zhang H, Geng L, Luo Z. An Open-Shell Superatom Cluster Ta 10- with Enhanced Stability by United d-d π Bonds and d-Orbital Superatomic States. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:9711-9717. [PMID: 36220259 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We carried out a comprehensive study on the gas-phase reactions of Tan- (n = 5-27) with nitrogen using a customized reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometer coupled with a velocity map imaging apparatus (Re-TOFMS-VMI). Among the studied tantalum clusters, Ta10- exhibits prominent mass abundance indicative of its unique inertness. DFT calculation results revealed a D4d bipyramidal prolate structure of the most stable Ta10-, which was verified by photoelectron spectroscopy experiments. The calculations also unveiled that Ta10- has the largest HOMO-LUMO gap and second-order difference of binding energy among the studied clusters. This is associated with its well-organized superatomic orbitals, which consist of both 6s and 5d orbitals of tantalum atoms, allowing for splitting of superatomic 1D and 2P orbitals and an enlarged gap between the singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) and unoccupied β counterpart, which brings forth stabilization energy pertaining to Jahn-Teller distortion. Also, the SOMO exhibits a united d-d π orbital pattern that embraces the central Ta8- moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benben Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hanyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lijun Geng
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhixun Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Geng L, Jia Y, Zhang H, Cui C, Luo Z. Plasma-Assisted Dinitrogen Activation on Small Cobalt Clusters: Co 4 N 9 + with Enhanced Stability. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200288. [PMID: 35689533 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We have performed a study on the accommodation of nitrogen doping toward superatomic states of transition metal clusters. By reacting cobalt clusters with N2 in the presence of plasma radiation, a large number of odd-nitrogen clusters were observed, typically Co3 N2m-1 + (m=1-5) and Co4 N2m-1 + (m=1-6) series, showing N≡N bond cleavage in the mild plasma atmosphere. Interestingly, the Co3 N7 + , Co4 N9 + , and Co5 N9 + clusters exhibit prominent mass abundances. First-principles calculation results elucidate the stability of the diverse cobalt nitride clusters and find unique stability of Co4 N9 + with a swallow-kite structure of which four coordinated N2 molecules causes a significantly enlarged HOMO-LUMO gap, while the single N atom doping gives rise to superatomic states of 1S2 1P3 ||1D0 . We reveal an efficient dinitrogen activation strategy by reacting multiple N2 molecules with cobalt clusters under a plasma atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Geng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yuhan Jia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hanyu Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chaonan Cui
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhixun Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Jia Y, Li J, Huang M, Geng L, Zhang H, Cheng SB, Yi Y, Luo Z. Ladder Oxygenation of Group VIII Metal Clusters and the Formation of Metalloxocubes M 13O 8. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:733-739. [PMID: 35025527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c04098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The diversity of valence and bonding of transition metals makes their oxidation processes perplexing at reduced sizes. Here we report a comprehensive study on the oxidation reactions of rhodium clusters Rhn± (n = 3-30) and find that Rh3,4O4+, Rh5-7O6+, and Rh8-13O8+ always dominate the mass distributions showing size-dependent ladder oxygenation which is closely associated with the O-binding modes. While the Rh8-13O8+ clusters display a μ3-O binding mode (hollow site adsorption), Rh3-4O4+ and Rh5-7O6+ favor the μ2-O binding mode (edge-site adsorption) or a mixture of the two modes. The μ3-O binding mode is inclined to yield a cubic Rh13O8, while the μ2-O binding mode gives rise to oxygen-bridge protection for the metal clusters. Such ladder oxidation was also observed for Ptn+, Fen+, Con+, and Nin+ clusters. We propose a three-dimensional diagram for the oxidation states and O-binding modes of metals, and highlight the metalloxocubes M13O8+ for cluster-genetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Jia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Miaofei Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Geng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hanyu Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Bo Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yuanping Yi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhixun Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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Gan W, Huang B, Yang M, Geng L, Luo Z, Hansen K. The reactivity of Nb n+ clusters with acetylene and ethylene to produce a cubic aromatic metal carbide Nb 4C 4+. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04750g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of niobium cationic clusters with acetylene and ethylene under sufficient gas collision conditions give rise to dominant dehydrogenation and produce a main metal carbide Nb4C4+ which is associated with cubic aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Gan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Benben Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mengzhou Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lijun Geng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhixun Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Klavs Hansen
- Center for Joint Quantum Studies and Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
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