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Bennecke W, Windischbacher A, Schmitt D, Bange JP, Hemm R, Kern CS, D'Avino G, Blase X, Steil D, Steil S, Aeschlimann M, Stadtmüller B, Reutzel M, Puschnig P, Jansen GSM, Mathias S. Disentangling the multiorbital contributions of excitons by photoemission exciton tomography. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1804. [PMID: 38413573 PMCID: PMC10899218 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45973-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Excitons are realizations of a correlated many-particle wave function, specifically consisting of electrons and holes in an entangled state. Excitons occur widely in semiconductors and are dominant excitations in semiconducting organic and low-dimensional quantum materials. To efficiently harness the strong optical response and high tuneability of excitons in optoelectronics and in energy-transformation processes, access to the full wavefunction of the entangled state is critical, but has so far not been feasible. Here, we show how time-resolved photoemission momentum microscopy can be used to gain access to the entangled wavefunction and to unravel the exciton's multiorbital electron and hole contributions. For the prototypical organic semiconductor buckminsterfullerene (C60), we exemplify the capabilities of exciton tomography and achieve unprecedented access to key properties of the entangled exciton state including localization, charge-transfer character, and ultrafast exciton formation and relaxation dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Bennecke
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Windischbacher
- Institute of Physics, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - David Schmitt
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jan Philipp Bange
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Hemm
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 46, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Christian S Kern
- Institute of Physics, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Gabriele D'Avino
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Inst NEEL, F-38042, Grenoble, France
| | - Xavier Blase
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Inst NEEL, F-38042, Grenoble, France
| | - Daniel Steil
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sabine Steil
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Aeschlimann
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 46, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Benjamin Stadtmüller
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 46, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Marcel Reutzel
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Puschnig
- Institute of Physics, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - G S Matthijs Jansen
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Stefan Mathias
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
- International Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion (ICASEC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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