1
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Li Q, Liu QY, Zhao YX, He SG. Conversion of Methane at Room Temperature Mediated by the Ta-Ta σ-Bond. JACS AU 2024; 4:1824-1832. [PMID: 38818048 PMCID: PMC11134373 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Metal-metal bonds constitute an important type of reactive centers for chemical transformation; however, the availability of active metal-metal bonds being capable of converting methane under mild conditions, the holy grail in catalysis, remains a serious challenge. Herein, benefiting from the systematic investigation of 36 metal clusters of tantalum by using mass spectrometric experiments complemented with quantum chemical calculations, the dehydrogenation of methane at room temperature was successfully achieved by 18 cluster species featuring σ-bonding electrons localized in single naked Ta-Ta centers. In sharp contrast, the other 18 remaining clusters, either without naked Ta-Ta σ-bond or with σ-bonding electrons delocalized over multiple Ta-Ta centers only exhibit molecular CH4-adsorption reactivity or inertness. Mechanistic studies revealed that changing cluster geometric configurations and tuning the number of simple inorganic ligands (e.g., oxygen) could flexibly manipulate the presence or absence of such a reactive Ta-Ta σ-bond. The discovery of Ta-Ta σ-type bond being able to exhibit outstanding activity toward methane conversion not only overturns the traditional recognition that only the metal-metal π- or δ-bonds of early transition metals could participate in bond activation but also opens up a new access to design of promising metal catalysts with dual-atom as reactive sites for chemical transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- State
Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species,
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education
Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Qing-Yu Liu
- State
Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species,
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education
Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Yan-Xia Zhao
- State
Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species,
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education
Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- State
Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species,
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education
Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
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2
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Zhao A, Liu QY, Li ZY, Li XN, He SG. Reverse water-gas shift catalyzed by Rh nVO 3,4- ( n = 3-7) cluster anions under variable temperatures. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:8347-8355. [PMID: 38666520 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00541d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
A fundamental understanding of the exact structural characteristics and reaction mechanisms of interface active sites is vital to engineering an energetic metal-support boundary in heterogeneous catalysis. Herein, benefiting from a newly developed high-temperature ion trap reactor, the reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) (CO2 + H2 → CO + H2O) catalyzed by a series of compositionally and structurally well-defined RhnVO3,4- (n = 3-7) clusters were identified under variable temperatures (298-773 K). It is discovered that the Rh5-7VO3,4- clusters can function more effectively to drive RWGS at relatively low temperatures. The experimentally observed size-dependent catalytic behavior was rationalized by quantum-chemical calculations; the framework of RhnVO3,4- is constructed by depositing the Rhn clusters on the VO3,4 "support", and a sandwiched base-acid-base [Rhout--Rhin+-VO3,4-; Rhout and Rhin represent the outer and inner Rh atoms, respectively] feature in Rh5-7VO3,4- governs the adsorption and activation of reactants as well as the facile desorption of the products. In contrast, isolated Rh5-7- clusters without the electronic modification of the VO3,4 "support" can only catalyze RWGS under relatively high-temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zi-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiao-Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China.
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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3
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Huber ME, Lewis TWR, Meta M, Ard SG, Liu Y, Sweeny BC, Guo H, Ončák M, Shuman NS, Meyer J. Ta + and Nb + + CO 2: intersystem crossing in ion-molecule reactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:8670-8680. [PMID: 38437035 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05549c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
The reactions of Ta+ and Nb+ with CO2 proceed only by a highly efficient oxygen atom transfer reaction to the respective oxide at room temperature in the gas phase. Although the product spin states are not determined, thermochemistry dictates that they must be different from ground state quintet Ta+ and Nb+, implying that intersystem crossing (ISC) has occurred. Recent reactive scattering experiments found dominant indirect dynamics for the reaction with Ta+ hinting at a bottleneck along the reaction path. The question on the nature of the bottleneck, whether it involves a crossing point or a transition state, could not be finally answered because theory located both close to each other. Here, we aim at shedding further light onto the impact of intersystem crossing on the reaction dynamics and ultimately the reactivity of transition metal ion reactions in the gas phase. We employ a combination of thermal kinetics for Ta+ and Nb+ with CO2 using a selected-ion flow tube (SIFT) apparatus and differential scattering cross sections for Nb+ + CO2 from crossed-beam velocity map imaging. The reaction with niobium again shows dominant indirect dynamics and in general very similar dynamics compared to Ta+ + CO2. At thermal energies, both reactions show sub-collisional rate constants with small negative temperature dependencies. Experiments are complemented by high level quantum chemical calculations of the minimum energy pathway. Statistical modelling well-reproduces the experimental thermal rate constants, and suggests that the Nb+ reaction is rate-limited by the intersystem crossing at thermal energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian E Huber
- RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Fachbereich Chemie und Forschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Erwin-Schrödinger Str. 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - Tucker W R Lewis
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico 87117, USA.
| | - Marcel Meta
- RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Fachbereich Chemie und Forschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Erwin-Schrödinger Str. 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - Shaun G Ard
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico 87117, USA.
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Computational Chemistry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Brendan C Sweeny
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico 87117, USA.
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Computational Chemistry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Milan Ončák
- Universität Innsbruck, Institut für Ionenenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Technikerstra. 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nicholas S Shuman
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico 87117, USA.
| | - Jennifer Meyer
- RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Fachbereich Chemie und Forschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Erwin-Schrödinger Str. 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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4
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Fries DV, Klein MP, Straßner A, Huber ME, Luczak M, Wiehn C, Niedner-Schatteburg G. Cryo IR spectroscopy and cryo kinetics of dinitrogen activation and cleavage by small tantalum cluster cations. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:164303. [PMID: 37873960 DOI: 10.1063/5.0157217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigate small tantalum clusters Tan+, n = 2-4, for their capability to cleave N2 adsorption spontaneously. We utilize infrared photon dissociation (IR-PD) spectroscopy of isolated and size selected clusters under cryogenic conditions within a buffer gas filled ion trap, and we augment our experiments by quantum chemical simulations (at DFT level). All Tan+ clusters, n = 2-4, seem to cleave N2 efficiently. We confirm and extend a previous study under ambient conditions on Ta2+ cluster [Geng et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 115, 11680-11687 (2018)]. Our cryo studies and the concomitant DFT simulations of the tantalum trimer Ta3+ suggest cleavage of the first and activation of the second and third N2 molecule across surmountable barriers and along much-involved multidimensional reaction paths. We unravel the underlying reaction processes and the intermediates involved. The study of the N2 adsorbate complexes of Ta4+ presented here extends our earlier study and previously published spectra from (4,m), m = 1-5 [Fries et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 23(19), 11345-11354 (2021)], up to m = 12. We confirm the priory published double activation and nitride formation, succeeded by single side-on N2 coordination. Significant red shifts of IR-PD bands from these side-on coordinated μ2-κN:κN,N N2 ligands correlate with the degree of tilting towards the second coordinating Ta center. All subsequently attaching N2 adsorbates onto Ta4+ coordinate in an end-on fashion, and we find clear evidence for co-existence of end-on coordination isomers. The study of stepwise N2 adsorption revealed adsorption limits m(max) of [Tan(N2)m]+ which increase with n, and kinetic fits revealed significant N2 desorption rates upon higher N2 loads. The enhanced absolute rate constants of the very first adsorbate steps kabs(n,0) of the small Ta3+ and Ta4+ clusters independently suggest dissociative N2 adsorption and likely N2 cleavage into Ta nitrides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela V Fries
- Department of Chemistry and State Research Center OPTIMAS, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität (RPTU) Kaiserslautern-Landau, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Matthias P Klein
- Department of Chemistry and State Research Center OPTIMAS, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität (RPTU) Kaiserslautern-Landau, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Annika Straßner
- Department of Chemistry and State Research Center OPTIMAS, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität (RPTU) Kaiserslautern-Landau, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Maximilian E Huber
- Department of Chemistry and State Research Center OPTIMAS, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität (RPTU) Kaiserslautern-Landau, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Maximilian Luczak
- Department of Chemistry and State Research Center OPTIMAS, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität (RPTU) Kaiserslautern-Landau, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Christopher Wiehn
- Department of Chemistry and State Research Center OPTIMAS, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität (RPTU) Kaiserslautern-Landau, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Gereon Niedner-Schatteburg
- Department of Chemistry and State Research Center OPTIMAS, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität (RPTU) Kaiserslautern-Landau, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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5
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He XY, Liu YZ, Chen JJ, Lan X, Li XN, He SG. Size-Dependent Reactivity of Co n- ( n = 5-25) Cluster Anions toward Carbon Dioxide. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:6948-6955. [PMID: 37498356 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental understanding of the reactivity evolution of nanosized clusters at an atomically precise level is pivotal to assemble desired materials with promising candidates. Benefiting from the tandem mass spectrometer coupled with a high-temperature ion-trap reactor, the reactions of mass-selected Con- (n = 5-25) clusters with CO2 were investigated and the increased reactivity of Co20-25- was newly discovered herein. This finding marks an important step to understand property evolution of subnanometer metal clusters (Co25-, ∼0.8 nm) atom-by-atom. The reasons behind the increased reactivity of Co20-25- were proposed by analyzing the reactions of smaller Co6-8- clusters that exhibit significantly different reactivity toward CO2, in which a lower electron affinity of Con contributes to the capture of CO2 while the flexibility of Con- could play vital roles to stabilize reaction intermediates and suppress the barriers of O-CO rupture and CO desorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Yue He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Zhu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xingwang Lan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Na Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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6
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Meta M, Huber ME, Michaelsen T, Ayasli A, Ončák M, Wester R, Meyer J. Dynamics of the Oxygen Atom Transfer Reaction between Carbon Dioxide and the Tantalum Cation. J Phys Chem Lett 2023:5524-5530. [PMID: 37290113 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of fundamental atomic-level processes often requires well-defined model systems. The oxygen atom transfer from CO2 to a transition metal cation in the gas phase presents such a model system. We investigate the reaction of Ta+ + CO2 for which the formation of TaO+ is highly efficient and attributed to multistate reactivity. Here, we study the atomistic dynamics of the oxygen atom transfer reaction by recording experimental energy and angle differential cross sections by crossed beam velocity map imaging supported by ab initio quantum chemical calculations. Product ion velocity distributions are dominated by signatures for indirect dynamics, despite the reaction being highly exothermic. Product kinetic energy distributions show little dependence on additional collision energy even with only four atoms involved, which hints at dynamical trapping behind a submerged barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Meta
- Fachbereich Chemie und Forschungszentrum OPTIMAS, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Erwin-Schrödinger Straße 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Maximilian E Huber
- Fachbereich Chemie und Forschungszentrum OPTIMAS, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Erwin-Schrödinger Straße 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Tim Michaelsen
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Atilay Ayasli
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Milan Ončák
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Roland Wester
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jennifer Meyer
- Fachbereich Chemie und Forschungszentrum OPTIMAS, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Erwin-Schrödinger Straße 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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7
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Liu YZ, He XY, Chen JJ, Zhao ZP, Li XN, He SG. Filtration of the preferred catalyst for reverse water-gas shift among Rh n- ( n = 3-11) clusters by mass spectrometry under variable temperatures. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:6668-6676. [PMID: 37114992 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00802a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The key to optimizing energy-consuming catalytic conversions lies in acquiring a fundamental understanding of the nature of the active sites and the mechanisms of elementary steps at an atomically precise level, while it is challenging to capture the crucial step that determines the overall temperature of a real-life catalytic reaction. Herein, benefiting from a newly-developed high-temperature ion trap reactor, the reverse water-gas shift (CO2 + H2 → CO + H2O) reaction catalyzed by the Rhn- (n = 3-11) clusters was investigated under variable temperatures (298-783 K) and the critical temperature that each elementary step (Rhn- + CO2 and RhnO- + H2) requires to take place was identified. The Rh4- cluster strikingly surpasses other Rhn- clusters to drive the catalysis at a mild starting temperature (∼440 K). This finding represents the first example that a specifically sized cluster catalyst that works under an optimum condition can be accurately filtered by using state-of-the-art mass spectrometric experiments and rationalized by quantum-chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Zhu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xing-Yue He
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, P.R. China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhong-Pu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiao-Na Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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8
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Salzburger M, Saragi RT, Wensink FJ, Cunningham EM, Beyer MK, Bakker JM, Ončák M, van der Linde C. Carbon Dioxide and Water Activation by Niobium Trioxide Anions in the Gas Phase. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:3402-3411. [PMID: 37040467 PMCID: PMC10123662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c01394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Transition metals are important in various industrial applications including catalysis. Due to the current concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere, various ways for its capture and utilization are investigated. Here, we study the activation of CO2 and H2O at [NbO3]- in the gas phase using a combination of infrared multiple photon dissociation spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. In the experiments, Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry is combined with tunable IR laser light provided by the intracavity free-electron laser FELICE or optical parametric oscillator-based table-top laser systems. We present spectra of [NbO3]-, [NbO2(OH)2]-, [NbO2(OH)2]-(H2O) and [NbO(OH)2(CO3)]- in the 240-4000 cm-1 range. The measured spectra and observed dissociation channels together with quantum chemical calculations confirm that upon interaction with a water molecule, [NbO3]- is transformed to [NbO2(OH)2]- via a barrierless reaction. Reaction of this product with CO2 leads to [NbO(OH)2(CO3)]- with the formation of a [CO3] moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Salzburger
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rizalina T Saragi
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Frank J Wensink
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ethan M Cunningham
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin K Beyer
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Joost M Bakker
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Milan Ončák
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian van der Linde
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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9
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Lengyel J, Levin N, Ončák M, Jakob K, Tschurl M, Heiz U. Direct Coupling of Methane and Carbon Dioxide on Tantalum Cluster Cations. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203259. [PMID: 36404276 PMCID: PMC10107500 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Understanding molecular-scale reaction mechanisms is crucial for the design of modern catalysts with industrial prospect. Through joint experimental and computational studies, we investigate the direct coupling reaction of CH4 and CO2 , two abundant greenhouse gases, mediated by Ta1,4 + ions to form larger oxygenated hydrocarbons. Coherent with proposed elementary steps, we expose products of CH4 dehydrogenation [Ta1,4 CH2 ]+ to CO2 in a ring electrode ion trap. Product analysis and reaction kinetics indicate a predisposition of the tetramers for C-O coupling with a conversion to products of CH2 O, whereas atomic cations enable C-C coupling yielding CH2 CO. Selected experimental findings are supported by thermodynamic computations, connecting structure, electronic properties, and catalyst function. Moreover, the study of bare Ta1,4 + compounds indicates that methane dehydrogenation is a significant initial step in the direct coupling reaction, enabling new, yet unknown reaction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Lengyel
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Nikita Levin
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Milan Ončák
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Konstantin Jakob
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Martin Tschurl
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Ueli Heiz
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
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10
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Sala L, Luxford TFM, Ranković M, Kočišek J. Viewpoints on the 11th International Meeting on Atomic and Molecular Physics and Chemistry. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:8557-8561. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c07768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leo Sala
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry v.v.i., The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas F. M. Luxford
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry v.v.i., The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Ranković
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry v.v.i., The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Kočišek
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry v.v.i., The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223Prague, Czech Republic
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11
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Arakawa M, Hayashi N, Minamikawa K, Nishizato T, Terasaki A. Exploring s-d, s-f, and d-f Electron Interactions in Ag nCe + and Ag nSm + by Chemical Reaction toward O 2. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:6920-6926. [PMID: 36154008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We investigate gas-phase reactions of free AgnCe+ and AgnSm+ clusters with oxygen molecules to explore s-d, s-f, and d-f electron interactions in the finite size regime; a Ce atom has a 5d electron as well as a 4f electron, whereas a Sm atom has six 4f electrons without 5d electrons. In the reaction of AgnCe+ (n = 3-20), the Ce atom located on the cluster surface provides an active site except for n = 15 and 16, as inferred from the composition of the reaction products with oxygen bound to the Ce atom as well as from their relatively high reactivity. The extremely low reactivity for n = 15 and 16 is due to encapsulation of the Ce atom by Ag atoms. The minimum reactivity observed at n = 16 suggests that a closed electronic shell with 18 valence electrons is formed with a delocalized Ce 5d electron, while the localized Ce 4f electron does not contribute to the shell closure. As for AgnSm+ (n = 1-18), encapsulation of the Sm atom was observed for n ≥ 15. The lower reactivity at n = 17 than at n = 16 and 18 implies that an 18-valence-electron shell closure is formed with s electrons from Ag and Sm atoms; Sm 4f electrons are not involved in the shell closure as in the case of AgnCe+. The present results suggest that the 4f electrons tend to localize on the lanthanoid atom, whereas the 5d electron delocalizes to contribute to the electron shell closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Arakawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Naho Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kento Minamikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tasuku Nishizato
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Akira Terasaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Brewer EI, Green AE, Gentleman AS, Beardsmore PW, Pearcy PAJ, Meizyte G, Pickering J, Mackenzie SR. An infrared study of CO 2 activation by holmium ions, Ho + and HoO . Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:22716-22723. [PMID: 36106954 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02862j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a combined experimental and computational study of carbon dioxide activation at gas-phase Ho+ and HoO+ centres. Infrared action spectra of Ho(CO2)n+ and [HoO(CO2)n]+ ion-molecule complexes have been recorded in the spectral region 1700-2400 cm-1 and assigned by comparison with simulated spectra of energetically low-lying structures determined by density functional theory. Little by way of activation is observed in Ho(CO2)n+ complexes with CO2 binding end-on to the Ho+ ion. By contrast, all [HoO(CO2)n]+ complexes n ≥ 3 show unambiguous evidence for formation of a carbonate radical anion moiety, . The signature of this structure, a new vibrational band observed around 1840 cm-1 for n = 3, continues to red-shift monotonically with each successive CO2 ligand binding with net charge transfer from the ligand rather than the metal centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward I Brewer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK.
| | - Alice E Green
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK.
| | - Alexander S Gentleman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK.
| | - Peter W Beardsmore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK.
| | - Philip A J Pearcy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK.
| | - Gabriele Meizyte
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK.
| | - Jack Pickering
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK.
| | - Stuart R Mackenzie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK.
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