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Dai Y, Dellai A, Bassan E, Bellatreccia C, Gualandi A, Anselmi M, Cozzi PG, Ceroni P, Negri F. Solvent and alkyl substitution effects on charge-transfer mediated triplet state generation in BODIPY dyads: a combined computational and experimental study. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024; 23:451-462. [PMID: 38324165 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00530-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Donor-acceptor dyads based on BODIPYs have been recently employed to enhance the formation of triplet excited states with the process of spin-orbit charge transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC) which does not require introduction of transition metals or other heavy atoms into the molecule. In this work we compare two donor-acceptor dyads based on meso-naphthalenyl BODIPY by combining experimental and computational investigations. The photophysical and electrochemical characterization reveals a significant effect of alkylation of the BODIPY core, disfavoring the SOCT-ISC mechanism for the ethylated BODIPY dyad. This is complemented with a computational investigation carried out to rationalize the influence of ethyl substituents and solvent effects on the electronic structure and efficiency of triplet state population via charge recombination (CR) from the photoinduced electron transfer (PeT) generated charge-transfer (CT) state. Time dependent-density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations including solvent effects and spin-orbit coupling (SOC) calculations uncover the combined role played by solvent and alkyl substitution on the lateral positions of BODIPY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasi Dai
- Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Center for Chemical Catalysis-C3, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Angela Dellai
- Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Bassan
- Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Center for Chemical Catalysis-C3, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Caterina Bellatreccia
- Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Center for Chemical Catalysis-C3, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Gualandi
- Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Center for Chemical Catalysis-C3, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Anselmi
- Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pier Giorgio Cozzi
- Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Center for Chemical Catalysis-C3, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Ceroni
- Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
- Center for Chemical Catalysis-C3, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Fabrizia Negri
- Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
- Center for Chemical Catalysis-C3, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
- INSTM, UdR Bologna, Via F. Selmi, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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2
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Díaz-Norambuena C, Avellanal-Zaballa E, Prieto-Castañeda A, Bañuelos J, de la Moya S, Agarrabeitia AR, Ortiz MJ. Formylation as a Chemical Tool to Modulate the Performance of Photosensitizers Based on Boron Dipyrromethene Dimers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11837. [PMID: 37511596 PMCID: PMC10380594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Heavy-atom-free photosensitizers are envisioned as the next generation of photoactive molecules for photo-theragnosis. In this approach, and after suitable irradiation, a single molecular scaffold is able to visualize and kill tumour cells by fluorescence signalling and photodynamic therapy (PDT), respectively, with minimal side effects. In this regard, BODIPY-based orthogonal dimers have irrupted as suitable candidates for this aim. Herein, we analyse the photophysical properties of a set of formyl-functionalized BODIPY dimers to ascertain their suitability as fluorescent photosensitizers. The conducted computationally aided spectroscopic study determined that the fluorescence/singlet oxygen generation dual performance of these valuable BODIPY dimers not only depends on the BODIPY-BODIPY linkage and the steric hindrance around it, but also can be modulated by proper formyl functionalization at specific chromophoric positions. Thus, we propose regioselective formylation as an effective tool to modulate such a delicate photonic balance in BODIPY-based dimeric photosensitizers. The taming of the excited-state dynamics, in particular intramolecular charge transfer as the key underlying process mediating fluorescence deactivation vs. intersystem crossing increasing, could serve to increase fluorescence for brighter bioimaging, enhance the generation of singlet oxygen for killing activity, or balance both for photo-theragnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Díaz-Norambuena
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco-EHU, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
- Departamento Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Edurne Avellanal-Zaballa
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco-EHU, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Alejandro Prieto-Castañeda
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco-EHU, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
- Departamento Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Bañuelos
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco-EHU, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Santiago de la Moya
- Departamento Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonia R Agarrabeitia
- Departamento Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Sección Departamental de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Arcos de Jalón 118, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Ortiz
- Departamento Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Tikhonov SA, Sidorin AE, Ksenofontov AA, Kosyanov DY, Samoilov IS, Skitnevskaya AD, Trofimov AB, Antina EV, Berezin MB, Vovna VI. XPS and quantum chemical analysis of 4Me-BODIPY derivatives. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:5211-5225. [PMID: 36723097 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04541a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The results of a X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and steady-state absorption spectroscopy study of the electronic structure, and cationic and excited states of a series of 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-substituted BODIPYs (4Me,2R-BODIPYs) are presented. The experimental data were interpreted using high-level ab initio quantum chemical computations, including the algebraic diagrammatic construction method for the polarization propagator of the second order (ADC(2)), the outer-valence Green's function (OVGF) method, the density functional (DFT) approach, and the time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) approach. Substitution effects on the XPS and absorption spectra were determined for 2,6-positions of 4Me,2R-BODIPY pyrrole nuclei (R = H, Br, Bu, benzyl). A very satisfactory performance of the DFT Koopmans theorem analogue was demonstrated with respect to the energy intervals between the electronic levels of 4Me,2R-BODIPY above 13 eV (BHHLYP functional) and the values of the HOMO-LUMO energy gap (ωB97X functional).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A Tikhonov
- Kamchatka Branch of the Geophysical Survey of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Piip blvd. 9, 683023 Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russian Federation.
| | - Andrey E Sidorin
- Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander A Ksenofontov
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademicheskaya Str. 1, 153045 Ivanovo, Russian Federation
| | - Denis Yu Kosyanov
- Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russian Federation.,Institute of Automation and Control Processes, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Radio Street, 690041 Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Ilya S Samoilov
- Kamchatka Branch of the Geophysical Survey of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Piip blvd. 9, 683023 Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russian Federation. .,Department of Photonics, Saint Petersburg State University, 7-9 Universitetskaya Embankment, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Anna D Skitnevskaya
- Laboratory of Quantum Chemical Modeling of Molecular Systems, Irkutsk State University, Karl Marx Str. 1, 664003 Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander B Trofimov
- Laboratory of Quantum Chemical Modeling of Molecular Systems, Irkutsk State University, Karl Marx Str. 1, 664003 Irkutsk, Russian Federation.,Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky St., 664033 Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Elena V Antina
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademicheskaya Str. 1, 153045 Ivanovo, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail B Berezin
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademicheskaya Str. 1, 153045 Ivanovo, Russian Federation
| | - Vitaliy I Vovna
- Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russian Federation
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Rebollar E, Bañuelos J, de la Moya S, Eng J, Penfold T, Garcia-Moreno I. A Computational-Experimental Approach to Unravel the Excited State Landscape in Heavy-Atom Free BODIPY-Related Dyes. Molecules 2022; 27:4683. [PMID: 35897859 PMCID: PMC9330419 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed a time-gated laser-spectroscopy study in a set of heavy-atom free single BODIPY fluorophores, supported by accurate, excited-state computational simulations of the key low-lying excited states in these chromophores. Despite the strong fluorescence of these emitters, we observed a significant fraction of time-delayed (microseconds scale) emission associated with processes that involved passage through the triplet manifold. The accuracy of the predictions of the energy arrangement and electronic nature of the low-lying singlet and triplet excited states meant that an unambiguous assignment of the main deactivation pathways, including thermally activated delayed fluorescence and/or room temperature phosphorescence, was possible. The observation of triplet state formation indicates a breakthrough in the "classic" interpretation of the photophysical properties of the renowned BODIPY and its derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Rebollar
- Departamento Química-Física de Materiales, Instituto de Química Física “Rocasolano”, CSIC, Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jorge Bañuelos
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad del País Vasco-EHU, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Santiago de la Moya
- Departamento Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Julien Eng
- Chemistry Department, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (J.E.); (T.P.)
| | - Thomas Penfold
- Chemistry Department, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (J.E.); (T.P.)
| | - Inmaculada Garcia-Moreno
- Departamento Química-Física de Materiales, Instituto de Química Física “Rocasolano”, CSIC, Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
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Jiménez J, Prieto-Montero R, Serrano S, Stachelek P, Rebollar E, Maroto BL, Moreno F, Martinez-Martinez V, Pal R, García-Moreno I, de la Moya S. BINOL blocks as accessible triplet state modulators in BODIPY dyes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6385-6388. [PMID: 35543210 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00991a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BINOL moieties of different electronic demand are useful blocks for enabling the photo-production and modulation of triplet excited states in readily-accesible BINOL-based O-BODIPY dyes from standard F-BODIPY precursors. The rapid and rational development of smarter triplet-enabling BODIPY dyes on the basis of this strategy (e.g., TADF biomarker 4a or room temperature phosphor 4g) paves the way for advancing photonic applications based on organic triplet photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué Jiménez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ruth Prieto-Montero
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad del País Vasco-EHU, Apartado 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Sergio Serrano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Patrycja Stachelek
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Road, Durham DH1 3LE, Durham, UK
| | - Esther Rebollar
- Departamento de Sistemas de Baja Dimensionalidad, Superficies y Materia Condensada, Instituto de Química Física "Rocasolano", C.S.I.C., Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Beatriz L Maroto
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Florencio Moreno
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Robert Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Road, Durham DH1 3LE, Durham, UK
| | - Inmaculada García-Moreno
- Departamento de Sistemas de Baja Dimensionalidad, Superficies y Materia Condensada, Instituto de Química Física "Rocasolano", C.S.I.C., Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Santiago de la Moya
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Schad C, Avellanal-Zaballa E, Rebollar E, Ray C, Duque-Redondo E, Moreno F, Maroto BL, Bañuelos J, García-Moreno I, De la Moya S. Triplet–triplet sensitizing within pyrene-based COO-BODIPY: a breaking molecular platform for annihilating photon upconversion. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:27441-27448. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04006a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Upconverted fluorescence assisted by triplet–triplet annihilation from heavy-atom-free photoactivatable multichromophoric organic assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Schad
- Dpto. de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Edurne Avellanal-Zaballa
- Dpto. de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Esther Rebollar
- Dpto. de Química-Física de Materiales, Instituto de Química Física “Rocasolano”, CSIC, Serrano 119, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - César Ray
- Dpto. de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Duque-Redondo
- Dpto. de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Florencio Moreno
- Dpto. de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz L. Maroto
- Dpto. de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Bañuelos
- Dpto. de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Inmaculada García-Moreno
- Dpto. de Química-Física de Materiales, Instituto de Química Física “Rocasolano”, CSIC, Serrano 119, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago De la Moya
- Dpto. de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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