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Rossi A, Impemba S, Serrano-Ruiz M, Caporali M, Fabbri B, Valt M, Gaiardo A, Filippi J, Vanzetti L, Banchelli M, Vincenzi D, Guidi V. 2D Amino-Functionalized Black Phosphorus: A New Approach to Improve Hydrogen Gas Detection Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38984539 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c06137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, hydrogen has gained attention as a potential solution to replace fossil fuels, thus reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The development of ever improving hydrogen sensors is a topic that is constantly under study due to concerns about the inherent risk of leaks of this gas and potential explosions. In this work, a new, long-term, stable phosphorene-based sensor was developed for hydrogen detection. A simple functionalization of phosphorene using urea was employed to synthesize an air-stable material, subsequently used to prepare films for gas sensing applications, via the drop casting method. The material was deeply characterized by different techniques (scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron, and Raman spectroscopy), and the stability of the material in a noninert atmosphere was evaluated. The phosphorene-based sensor exhibited high sensitivity (up to 700 ppm) and selectivity toward hydrogen at room temperature, as well as long-term stability over five months under ambient conditions. To gain further insight into the gas sensing mechanism over the surface, we employed a dedicated apparatus, namely operando diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform, by exposing the chemoresistive sensor to hydrogen gas under dry air conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Rossi
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Giuseppe Saragat 1/C, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Salvatore Impemba
- CNR-ICCOM, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- CSGI, Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | | | - Maria Caporali
- CNR-ICCOM, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Barbara Fabbri
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Giuseppe Saragat 1/C, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Matteo Valt
- Sensors and Devices Center, Bruno Kessler Foundation, Via Sommarive 18, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Andrea Gaiardo
- Sensors and Devices Center, Bruno Kessler Foundation, Via Sommarive 18, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Jonathan Filippi
- CNR-ICCOM, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Lia Vanzetti
- Sensors and Devices Center, Bruno Kessler Foundation, Via Sommarive 18, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | | | - Donato Vincenzi
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Giuseppe Saragat 1/C, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Guidi
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Giuseppe Saragat 1/C, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
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2
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Xu Y, Qi J, Ma C, He Q. Wet-Chemical Synthesis of Elemental 2D Materials. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202301152. [PMID: 38469659 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202301152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Wet-chemical synthesis refers to the bottom-up chemical synthesis in solution, which is among the most popular synthetic approaches towards functional two-dimensional (2D) materials. It offers several advantages, including cost-effectiveness, high yields,, precious control over the production process. As an emerging family of 2D materials, elemental 2D materials (Xenes) have shown great potential in various applications such as electronics, catalysts, biochemistry,, sensing technologies due to their exceptional/exotic properties such as large surface area, tunable band gap,, high carrier mobility. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art in wet-chemical synthesis of Xenes including tellurene, bismuthene, antimonene, phosphorene,, arsenene. The current solvent compositions, process parameters utilized in wet-chemical synthesis, their effects on the thickness, stability of the resulting Xenes are also presented. Key factors considered involves ligands, precursors, surfactants, reaction time, temperature. Finally, we highlight recent advances, existing challenges in the current application of wet-chemical synthesis for Xenes production, provide perspectives on future improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xu
- Department of Materials Science, Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Junlei Qi
- Department of Materials Science, Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cong Ma
- Department of Materials Science, Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiyuan He
- Department of Materials Science, Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Ge S, An J, Wang Q, Li M, Wang D, Wang G. A Novel Perspective on Enhancing Photocatalytic Performance through the Synergistic Effect of Nd Single Atoms and Heterostructures. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2400618. [PMID: 38644234 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
There are few reports on lanthanide single atom modified catalysts, as the role of the 4f levels in photocatalysis is difficult to explain clearly. Here, the synergistic effect of 4f levels of Nd and heterostructures is studied by combining steady-state, transient, and ultrafast spectral analysis techniques with DFT theoretical calculations based on the construction of Nd single atom modified black phosphorus/g-C3N4 (BP/CN) heterojunctions. As expected, the generation rates of CO and CH4 of the optimized heterostructure are 7.44 and 6.85 times higher than those of CN, and 8.43 and 9.65 times higher than those of BP, respectively. The Nd single atoms can not only cause surface reconstruction and regulate the active sites of BP, but also accelerate charge separation and transfer, further suppressing the recombination of electron-hole pairs. The electrons can transfer from g-C3N4:Nd to BP:Nd, with a transfer time of ≈11.4 ps, while the radiation recombination time of electron-hole pairs of g-C3N4 is ≈26.13 µs, indicating that the construction of heterojunctions promotes charge transfer. The 2P1/2/2G9/2/4G7/2/2H11/2/4F7/2→4I9/2 emissions from Nd3+ can also be absorbed by heterostructures, which improves the utilization of light. The energy change of the key rate measurement step CO2 *→COOH* decreases through Nd single atom modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Ge
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Jing An
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Qiuye Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Minze Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Dingsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Guofeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
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Zhang W, Zhang X, Ono LK, Qi Y, Oughaddou H. Recent Advances in Phosphorene: Structure, Synthesis, and Properties. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2303115. [PMID: 37726245 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorene is a 2D phosphorus atomic layer arranged in a honeycomb lattice like graphene but with a buckled structure. Since its exfoliation from black phosphorus in 2014, phosphorene has attracted tremendous research interest both in terms of synthesis and fundamental research, as well as in potential applications. Recently, significant attention in phosphorene is motivated not only by research on its fundamental physical properties as a novel 2D semiconductor material, such as tunable bandgap, strong in-plane anisotropy, and high carrier mobility, but also by the study of its wide range of potential applications, such as electronic, optoelectronic, and spintronic devices, energy conversion and storage devices. However, a lot of avenues remain to be explored including the fundamental properties of phosphorene and its device applications. This review recalls the current state of the art of phosphorene and its derivatives, touching upon topics on structure, synthesis, characterization, properties, stability, and applications. The current needs and future opportunities for phosphorene are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education and Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- School of Materials and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Luis K Ono
- Energy Materials and Surface Sciences Unit (EMSSU), Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Yabing Qi
- Energy Materials and Surface Sciences Unit (EMSSU), Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Hamid Oughaddou
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Bât. 520, Orsay, 91405, France
- Département de Physique, CY Cergy-Paris Université, Cergy-Pontoise Cedex, F-95031, France
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Kang MS, Jang HJ, Jo HJ, Raja IS, Han DW. MXene and Xene: promising frontier beyond graphene in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2023; 9:93-117. [PMID: 38032647 DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00428g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of 2D nanomaterials (2D NMs), which was initiated by the isolation of graphene (G) in 2004, revolutionized various biomedical applications, including bioimaging and -sensing, drug delivery, and tissue engineering, owing to their unique physicochemical and biological properties. Building on the success of G, a novel class of monoelemental 2D NMs, known as Xenes, has recently emerged, offering distinct advantages in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In this review, we focus on the comparison of G and Xene materials for use in fabricating tissue engineering scaffolds. After a brief introduction to the basic physicochemical properties of these materials, recent representative studies are classified in terms of the engineered tissue, i.e., bone, cartilage, neural, muscle, and skin tissues. We analyze several methods of improving the clinical potential of Xene-laden scaffolds using state-of-the-art fabrication technologies and innovative biomaterials. Despite the considerable advantages of Xene materials, critical concerns, such as biocompatibility, biodistribution and regulatory challenges, should be considered. This review and collaborative efforts should advance the field of Xene-based tissue engineering and enable innovative, effective solutions for use in future tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Sung Kang
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hee Jeong Jang
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyo Jung Jo
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | | | - Dong-Wook Han
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
- BIO-IT Fusion Technology Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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Ren Y, Wang J, Zhang M, Wang Y, Cao Y, Kim DH, Lin Z. Locally Ordered Single-Atom Catalysts for Electrocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202315003. [PMID: 37932862 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Single-atom catalysts manifest nearly 100 % atom utilization efficiency, well-defined active sites, and high selectivity. However, their practical applications are hindered by a low atom loading density, uncontrollable location, and ambiguous interaction with the support, thereby posing challenges to maximizing their electrocatalytic performance. To address these limitations, the ability to arrange randomly dispersed single atoms into locally ordered single-atom catalysts (LO-SACs) substantially influences the electronic effect between reactive sites and the support, the synergistic interaction among neighboring single atoms, the bonding energy of intermediates with reactive sites and the complexity of the mechanism. As such, it dramatically promotes reaction kinetics, reduces the energy barrier of the reaction, improves the performance of the catalyst and simplifies the reaction mechanism. In this review, firstly, we introduce a variety of compelling characteristics of LO-SACs as electrocatalysts. Subsequently, the synthetic strategies, characterization methods and applications of LO-SACs in electrocatalysis are discussed. Finally, the future opportunities and challenges are elaborated to encourage further exploration in this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Ren
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081 (P. R., China
| | - Jinyong Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Yuan Cao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Dong Ha Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760 (Republic of, Korea
| | - Zhiqun Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760 (Republic of, Korea
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Lee GS, Kim JG, Kim JT, Lee CW, Cha S, Choi GB, Lim J, Padmajan Sasikala S, Kim SO. 2D Materials Beyond Post-AI Era: Smart Fibers, Soft Robotics, and Single Atom Catalysts. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2307689. [PMID: 37777874 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent consecutive discoveries of various 2D materials have triggered significant scientific and technological interests owing to their exceptional material properties, originally stemming from 2D confined geometry. Ever-expanding library of 2D materials can provide ideal solutions to critical challenges facing in current technological trend of the fourth industrial revolution. Moreover, chemical modification of 2D materials to customize their physical/chemical properties can satisfy the broad spectrum of different specific requirements across diverse application areas. This review focuses on three particular emerging application areas of 2D materials: smart fibers, soft robotics, and single atom catalysts (SACs), which hold immense potentials for academic and technological advancements in the post-artificial intelligence (AI) era. Smart fibers showcase unconventional functionalities including healthcare/environmental monitoring, energy storage/harvesting, and antipathogenic protection in the forms of wearable fibers and textiles. Soft robotics aligns with future trend to overcome longstanding limitations of hard-material based mechanics by introducing soft actuators and sensors. SACs are widely useful in energy storage/conversion and environmental management, principally contributing to low carbon footprint for sustainable post-AI era. Significance and unique values of 2D materials in these emerging applications are highlighted, where the research group has devoted research efforts for more than a decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang San Lee
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Nanocentry, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Goo Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Nanocentry, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Tae Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Nanocentry, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Woo Lee
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Nanocentry, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Cha
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Nanocentry, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Go Bong Choi
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Nanocentry, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonwon Lim
- Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Suchithra Padmajan Sasikala
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Nanocentry, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ouk Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Nanocentry, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Materials Creation, Seoul, 06179, Republic of Korea
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Shi B, Song Y, Zhang W. Theoretical insights into the epitaxial growth of black arsenene enabled on GeS(001). JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2023; 35:244001. [PMID: 36944248 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/acc627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Black arsenene exhibits many exotic physical properties, such as Rashba spin-orbital coupling, fractional quantum Hall effect (Sheng 2021Nature59356) as well as some advantages in the field of energy storage (Wuet al2021J. Mater. Chem. A918793). High-quality and large-area BA monolayer can promote the investigations about BA and its device application. Epitaxial growth mechanism of BA is desirable. Here, based on density functional theory calculation, the epitaxial growth of BA monolayer was simulated. GeS(001) is found to be a suitable substrate for BA monolayer to epitaxially grow on. As a common isomer of arsenene, gray arsenene should be considered during the growth, because it is also energetically and thermodynamically stable in freestanding state. However, black arsenene monolayer is more energetically and thermodynamically stable than gray arsenene monolayer on GeS(001) substrate. During the growth, two arsenene atoms easily form a dimer on GeS(001), which diffuses more quickly and isotropically than arsenene monomer. In addition, the heterojunction consisted of balck arsenene and GeS(001) is an indirect gap semiconductor, but it can transform into a direct gap semiconductor with external tensile strain along zigzag direction. Remarkably, optical adsorption spectra range of BA/GeS(001) can be more abroad than that of BA and GeS(001) bilayers. The theatrical insights shed new light on some ideal substrates that can realize the epitaxial growth of high-quality simple substances of group V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjun Shi
- Center for Topological Functional Materials, and Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyao Song
- Center for Topological Functional Materials, and Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Center for Topological Functional Materials, and Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
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Farokhi A, Shahroosvand H, Monache GD, Pilkington M, Nazeeruddin MK. The evolution of triphenylamine hole transport materials for efficient perovskite solar cells. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:5974-6064. [PMID: 35770784 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01157j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the dramatic increase in power conversion efficiency (PCE) coupled with a decrease in the total cost of third-generation solar cells has led to a significant increase in the collaborative research efforts of academic and industrial researchers. Such interdisciplinary studies have afforded novel materials, which in many cases are now ready to be brought to the marketplace. Within this framework, the field of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is currently an important area of research due to their extraordinary light-harvesting properties. In particular, PSCs prepared via facile synthetic procedures, containing hole transport materials (HTMs) with versatile triphenylamine (TPA) structural cores, amenable to functionalization, have become a focus of intense global research activity. To optimize the efficiency of the solar cells to achieve efficiencies closer to rival silicon-based technology, TPA building blocks must exhibit favourable electrochemical, photophysical, and photochemical properties that can be chemically tuned in a rational manner. Although PSCs based on TPA building blocks exhibit attractive properties such as high-power efficiencies, a reduction in their synthetic costs coupled with higher stabilities and environmental considerations still need to be addressed. Considering the above, a detailed summary of the most promising compounds and current methodologies employed to overcome the remaining challenges in this field is provided. The objective of this review is to provide guidance to readers on exploring new avenues for the discovery of efficient TPA derivatives, to aid in the future development and advancement of TPA-based PSCs for commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Farokhi
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Advanced Functional Materials (GMA), Chemistry Department, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Hashem Shahroosvand
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Advanced Functional Materials (GMA), Chemistry Department, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Gabriele Delle Monache
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St Catharines, Ontario, L2S3A1, Canada.
| | - Melanie Pilkington
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St Catharines, Ontario, L2S3A1, Canada.
| | - Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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10
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Lu J, Zhang L, Ma C, Huang W, Ye Q, Yi H, Zheng Z, Yang G, Liu C, Yao J. In situ integration of Te/Si 2D/3D heterojunction photodetectors toward UV-vis-IR ultra-broadband photoelectric technologies. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:6228-6238. [PMID: 35403635 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr08134a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, 2D elemental semiconductors have emerged as an ever-increasingly important group in the 2D material family due to their simple crystal structures and compositions, and versatile physical properties. Taking advantage of the relatively small bandgap, outstanding carrier mobility, high air-stability and strong interactions with light, 2D tellurium (Te) has emerged as a compelling candidate for use in ultra-broadband photoelectric technologies. In this study, high-quality centimeter-scale Te nanofilms have been successfully produced by exploiting pulsed-laser deposition (PLD). By performing deposition on pre-patterned SiO2/Si substrates, a Te/Si 2D/3D heterojunction array is formed in situ. To our delight, taking advantage of the relatively small bandgap of Te, the Te/Si photodetectors demonstrate an ultra-broadband photoresponse from ultraviolet to near-infrared (370.6 nm to 2240 nm), enabling them to serve as important alternatives to conventional 2D materials such as MoS2. In addition, an outstanding on/off ratio of ∼108 and a fast response rate (a response/recovery time of 3.7 ms/4.4 ms) are achieved, which is associated with the large band offset and strong interfacial built-in electric field that contribute to suppressing the dark current and separating photocarriers. Beyond these, a 35 × 35 matrix array has been successfully constructed, where the devices exhibit comparable properties, with a production yield of 100% for 100 randomly tested devices. The average responsivity, external quantum efficiency and detectivity reach 249 A W-1, 76 350% and 1.15 × 1011 Jones, respectively, making the Te/Si devices among the best-performing 2D/3D heterojunction photodetectors. On the whole, this study has established that PLD is a promising technique for producing high-quality Te nanofilms with good scalability, and the Te/Si 2D/3D heterojunction provides a promising platform for implementing high-performance ultra-broadband photoelectronic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianting Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Lingjiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Churong Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Wenjing Huang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Qiaojue Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Huaxin Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Zhaoqiang Zheng
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Guowei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Chuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jiandong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, P. R. China.
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