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Dzara M, Artyushkova K, Foster J, Eskandari H, Chen Y, Mauger SA, Atanassov P, Karan K, Pylypenko S. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Analysis of Nafion-Containing Samples: Pitfalls, Protocols, and Perceptions of Physicochemical Properties. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2024; 128:8467-8482. [PMID: 38807630 PMCID: PMC11129293 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c00872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is one of the most common techniques used to analyze the surface composition of catalysts and support materials used in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells and electrolyzers, providing important insights for further improvement of their properties. Characterization of catalyst layers (CLs) is more challenging, which can be at least partially attributed to the instability of ionomer materials such as Nafion during measurements. This work explores the stability of Nafion during XPS measurements, illuminating and addressing Nafion degradation concerns. The extent of Nafion damage as a function of XPS instrumentation, measurement conditions, and sample properties was evaluated across multiple instruments. Results revealed that significant Nafion damage to the ion-conducting sulfonic acid species (>50% loss in sulfur signal) may occur in a relatively short time frame (tens of minutes) depending on the exact nature of the sample and XPS instrument. This motivated the development and validation of a multipoint XPS data acquisition protocol that minimizes Nafion damage, resulting in reliable data acquisition by avoiding significant artifacts from Nafion instability. The developed protocol was then used to analyze both thin film ionomer samples and Pt/C-based CLs. Comparison of PEM fuel cell CLs to Nafion thin films revealed several changes in Nafion spectral features attributed to charge transfer due to interaction with conductive catalyst and support species. This study provides a method to reliably characterize ionomer-containing samples, facilitating fundamental studies of the catalyst-ionomer interface and more applied investigations of structure-processing-performance correlations in PEM fuel cell and electrolyzer CLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael
J. Dzara
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | | | - Jayson Foster
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Hamideh Eskandari
- Department
of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University
of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Yechuan Chen
- Department
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Scott A. Mauger
- National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, Materials Science Center, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Plamen Atanassov
- Department
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Kunal Karan
- Department
of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University
of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Svitlana Pylypenko
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, Materials Science Center, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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2
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Liang J, Wan Y, Lv H, Liu X, Lv F, Li S, Xu J, Deng Z, Liu J, Zhang S, Sun Y, Luo M, Lu G, Han J, Wang G, Huang Y, Guo S, Li Q. Metal bond strength regulation enables large-scale synthesis of intermetallic nanocrystals for practical fuel cells. NATURE MATERIALS 2024:10.1038/s41563-024-01901-4. [PMID: 38769206 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01901-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Structurally ordered L10-PtM (M = Fe, Co, Ni and so on) intermetallic nanocrystals, benefiting from the chemically ordered structure and higher stability, are one of the best electrocatalysts used for fuel cells. However, their practical development is greatly plagued by the challenge that the high-temperature (>600 °C) annealing treatment necessary for realizing the ordered structure usually leads to severe particle sintering, morphology change and low ordering degree, which makes it very difficult for the gram-scale preparation of desirable PtM intermetallic nanocrystals with high Pt content for practical fuel cell applications. Here we report a new concept involving the low-melting-point-metal (M' = Sn, Ga, In)-induced bond strength weakening strategy to reduce Ea and promote the ordering process of PtM (M = Ni, Co, Fe, Cu and Zn) alloy catalysts for a higher ordering degree. We demonstrate that the introduction of M' can reduce the ordering temperature to extremely low temperatures (≤450 °C) and thus enable the preparation of high-Pt-content (≥40 wt%) L10-Pt-M-M' intermetallic nanocrystals as well as ten-gram-scale production. X-ray spectroscopy studies, in situ electron microscopy and theoretical calculations reveal the fundamental mechanism of the Sn-facilitated ordering process at low temperatures, which involves weakened bond strength and consequently reduced Ea via Sn doping, the formation and fast diffusion of low-coordinated surface free atoms, and subsequent L10 nucleation. The developed L10-Ga-PtNi/C catalysts display outstanding performance in H2-air fuel cells under both light- and heavy-duty vehicle conditions. Under the latter condition, the 40% L10-Pt50Ni35Ga15/C catalyst delivers a high current density of 1.67 A cm-2 at 0.7 V and retains 80% of the current density after extended 90,000 cycles, which exceeds the United States Department of Energy performance metrics and represents among the best cathodic electrocatalysts for practical proton-exchange membrane fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yangyang Wan
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Houfu Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Lv
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shenzhou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junyi Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Siyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingjun Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingchuan Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Lu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Jiantao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoxiong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Yunhui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaojun Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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3
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Yang B, Xiang Z. Nanostructure Engineering of Cathode Layers in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: From Catalysts to Membrane Electrode Assembly. ACS NANO 2024; 18:11598-11630. [PMID: 38669279 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c01113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The membrane electrode assembly (MEA) is the core component of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), which is the place where the reaction occurrence, the multiphase material transfer and the energy conversion, and the development of MEA with high activity and long stability are crucial for the practical application of PEMFCs. Currently, efforts are devoted to developing the regulation of MEA nanostructure engineering, which is believed to have advantages in improving catalyst utilization, maximizing three-phase boundaries, enhancing mass transport, and improving operational stability. This work reviews recent research progress on platinum group metal (PGM) and PGM-free catalysts with multidimensional nanostructures, catalyst layers (CLs), and nano-MEAs for PEMFCs, emphasizing the importance of structure-function relationships, aiming to guide the further development of the performance for PEMFCs. Then the design strategy of the MEA interface is summarized systematically. In addition, the application of in situ and operational characterization techniques to adequately identify current density distributions, hot spots, and water management visualization of MEAs is also discussed. Finally, the limitations of nanostructured MEA research are discussed and future promising research directions are proposed. This paper aims to provide valuable insights into the fundamental science and technical engineering of efficient MEA interfaces for PEMFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghua Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
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4
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Shi L, Liu D, Lin X, Cheng R, Liu F, Kim C, Hu C, Qiu J, Amal R, Dai L. Stable and High-performance Flow H 2 -O 2 Fuel Cells with Coupled Acidic Oxygen Reduction and Alkaline Hydrogen Oxidation Reactions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2314077. [PMID: 38390785 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202314077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Conventional H2 -O2 fuel cells suffer from the low output voltage, insufficient durability, and high-cost catalysts (e.g., noble metals). Herein, this work reports a conceptually new coupled flow fuel cell (CF-FC) by coupling asymmetric electrolytes for acidic oxygen reduction reaction and alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction. By introducing an electrochemical neutralization energy, the newly-developed CF-FCs possess a significantly increased theoretical open-circuit voltage. Specifically, a CF-FC based on a typical transition metal single-atom Fe-N-C cathode catalyst demonstrates a high electricity output up to 1.81 V and durability with an ultrahigh retention of 91% over 110 h, far superior to the conventional fuel cells (usually, < 1.0 V, < 50% retention over 20 h). The output performance can even be significantly enhanced easily by connecting multiple CF-FCs into the parallel, series, or combined parallel-series connections at a fractional cost of that for the conventional H2 -O2 fuel cells, showing great potential for large-scale practical applications. Thus, this study provides a platform to transform conventional fuel cell technology through the rational design and development of advanced energy conversion and storage devices by coupling different electrocatalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xuanni Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Ruyi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, P. R. China
| | - Changmin Kim
- Australian Carbon Materials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Chuangang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jieshan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Rose Amal
- Australian Carbon Materials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Liming Dai
- Australian Carbon Materials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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5
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Fang Y, Wei C, Bian Z, Yin X, Liu B, Liu Z, Chi P, Xiao J, Song W, Niu S, Tang C, Liu J, Ge X, Xu T, Wang G. Unveiling the nature of Pt-induced anti-deactivation of Ru for alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1614. [PMID: 38388525 PMCID: PMC10884033 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45873-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
While Ru owns superior catalytic activity toward hydrogen oxidation reaction and cost advantages, the catalyst deactivation under high anodic potential range severely limits its potential to replace the Pt benchmark catalyst. Unveiling the deactivation mechanism of Ru and correspondingly developing protection strategies remain a great challenge. Herein, we develop atomic Pt-functioned Ru nanoparticles with excellent anti-deactivation feature and meanwhile employ advanced operando characterization tools to probe the underlying roles of Pt in the anti-deactivation. Our studies reveal the introduced Pt single atoms effectively prevent Ru from oxidative passivation and consequently preserve the interfacial water network for the critical H* oxidative release during catalysis. Clearly understanding the deactivation nature of Ru and Pt-induced anti-deactivation under atomic levels could provide valuable insights for rationally designing stable Ru-based catalysts for hydrogen oxidation reaction and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Fang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Cong Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zenan Bian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xuanwei Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zhaohui Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Peng Chi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Junxin Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Wanjie Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Shuwen Niu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Chongyang Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Xiaolin Ge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Tongwen Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Gongming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
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6
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Jo SY, Kim H, Park H, Ahn CY, Chung DY. Investigating Electrode-Ionomer Interface Phenomena for Electrochemical Energy Applications. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202301016. [PMID: 38146665 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202301016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The endeavor to develop high-performance electrochemical energy applications has underscored the growing importance of comprehending the intricate dynamics within an electrode's structure and their influence on overall performance. This review investigates the complexities of electrode-ionomer interactions, which play a critical role in optimizing electrochemical reactions. Our examination encompasses both microscopic and meso/macro scale functions of ionomers at the electrode-ionomer interface, providing a thorough analysis of how these interactions can either enhance or impede surface reactions. Furthermore, this review explores the broader-scale implications of ionomer distribution within porous electrodes, taking into account factors like ionomer types, electrode ink formulation, and carbon support interactions. We also present and evaluate state-of-the-art techniques for investigating ionomer distribution, including electrochemical methods, imaging, modeling, and analytical techniques. Finally, the performance implications of these phenomena are discussed in the context of energy conversion devices. Through this comprehensive exploration of intricate interactions, this review contributes to the ongoing advancements in the field of energy research, ultimately facilitating the design and development of more efficient and sustainable energy devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yeong Jo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of, Korea
| | - Hanjoo Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of, Korea
| | - Hyein Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of, Korea
| | - Chi-Yeong Ahn
- Alternative Fuels and Power System Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering (KRISO), Daejeon, 34103, Republic of, Korea
- Department of Green Mobility, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of, Korea
| | - Dong Young Chung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of, Korea
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7
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Shaddad MN, Arunachalam P, Hezam MS, Aladeemy SA, Aljaafreh MJ, Abu Alrub S, Al-Mayouf AM. Enhanced Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction of TiO 2 Nanotubes by Combining Surface Oxygen Vacancy Engineering and Zr Doping. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:366. [PMID: 38392739 PMCID: PMC10892297 DOI: 10.3390/nano14040366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
This work examines the cooperative effect between Zr doping and oxygen vacancy engineering in anodized TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) for enhanced oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs). Zr dopant and annealing conditions significantly affected the electrocatalytic characteristics of grown TNTs. Zr doping results in Zr4+ substituted for Ti4+ species, which indirectly creates oxygen vacancy donors that enhance charge transfer kinetics and reduce carrier recombination in TNT bulk. Moreover, oxygen vacancies promote the creation of unsaturated Ti3+(Zr3+) sites at the surface, which also boosts the ORR interfacial process. Annealing at reductive atmospheres (e.g., H2, vacuum) resulted in a larger increase in oxygen vacancies, which greatly enhanced the ORR activity. In comparison to bare TNTs, Zr doping and vacuum treatment (Zr:TNT-Vac) significantly improved the conductivity and activity of ORRs in alkaline media. The finding also provides selective hydrogen peroxide production by the electrochemical reduction of oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maged N. Shaddad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prabhakarn Arunachalam
- Electrochemical Sciences Research Chair (ESRC), Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud S. Hezam
- Physics Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13318, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saba A. Aladeemy
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mamduh J. Aljaafreh
- Physics Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13318, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sharif Abu Alrub
- Physics Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13318, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M. Al-Mayouf
- Electrochemical Sciences Research Chair (ESRC), Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Ma J, Zhang W, Yang F, Zhang Y, Xu X, Liu G, Xu H, Liu G, Wang Z, Pei S. Preparation of Fe-BN-C catalysts derived from ZIF-8 and their performance in the oxygen reduction reaction. RSC Adv 2024; 14:4607-4613. [PMID: 38318614 PMCID: PMC10839553 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07188j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Enhancing the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity and stability of the fuel cell cathode electrocatalysts and reducing their costs are critical. In response to this need, Fe, B, and N co-doped hollow mesoporous carbon materials were prepared by a simple chemical doping one-step pyrolysis method using ZIF-8 as a precursor. The results showed that the optimized catalyst displayed a higher limiting current density (6.154 mA cm-2) and half-wave potential (0.859 V), which showed significant enhancement compared with the Pt/C catalyst (5.487 mA cm-2 and 0.853 V). Moreover, the optimized catalyst had outstanding long-term stability with a current density retention higher than 91% after 36 000 s of stability testing. This work provides a facile strategy for the design of outstanding ORR performance of non-precious metal oxygen reduction catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Ma
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai 201418 China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai 201418 China
| | - Feng Yang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai 201418 China
| | - Yingge Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai 201418 China
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai 201418 China
| | - Guipeng Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai 201418 China
| | - Huiyu Xu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai 201418 China
| | - Gaochong Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai 201418 China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai 201418 China
| | - Supeng Pei
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai 201418 China
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9
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Chen Y, Zhao X, Yan H, Sun L, Chen S, Zhang S, Zhang J. Manipulating Pt-skin of porous network Pt-Cu alloy nanospheres toward efficient oxygen reduction. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 652:1006-1015. [PMID: 37639923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.08.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Designing Pt-skin on the catalyst surface is critical to developing efficient and stable electrocatalysts toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. In this paper, an acidic reductant is proposed to synchronously manipulate in-situ growth of Pt-skin on the surface of alloyed Pt-Cu nanospheres (PtCuNSs) by a facile one-pot synthesis in an aqueous solution. Ascorbic acid can create a Pt-skin of three atomic layers to make the typical PtCu-alloy@Pt-skin core/shell nanostructure rather than the uniform alloys generated by using alkaline reductants. Surfactant as soft-template can make the alloyed PtCuNSs with a three-dimensional porous network structure. Multiple characterizations of XRD, XPS and XAFS are used to confirm Pt-alloying with Cu and formation of core/shell structure of such a catalyst. This PtCuNSs/C exhibits a half-wave potential of 0.913 V (vs. RHE), with mass activity and specific activity about 3.5 and 6.4 times higher than those of Pt/C, respectively. Fuel cell tests verify the excellent activity of PtCuNSs/C catalyst with a maximum power density of about 1.2 W cm-2. Moreover, this catalyst shows excellent stability, achieving a long-term operation of 40,000 cycles. Furthermore, theoretical calculations reveal the enhancement effect of characteristic PtCu-alloy@Pt-skin nanostructure on both catalytic ORR activity and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhe Chen
- Institute for Sustainable Energy/College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xiao Zhao
- Institute for Sustainable Energy/College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Huangli Yan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Liangyu Sun
- Institute for Sustainable Energy/College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Shengli Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Shiming Zhang
- Institute for Sustainable Energy/College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Jiujun Zhang
- Institute for Sustainable Energy/College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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10
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Tang M, Yan H, Zhang X, Zheng Z, Chen S. Materials Strategies Tackling Interfacial Issues in Catalyst Layers of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2306387. [PMID: 38018316 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The most critical challenge for the large-scale commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), one of the primary hydrogen energy technologies, is to achieve decent output performance with low usage of platinum (Pt). Currently, the performance of PEMFCs is largely limited by two issues at the catalyst/ionomer interface, specifically, the poisoning of active sites of Pt by sulfonate groups and the extremely sluggish local oxygen transport toward Pt. In the past few years, emerging strategies are derived to tackle these interface problems through materials optimization and innovation. This perspective summarizes the latest advances in this regard, and in the meantime unveils the molecule-level mechanisms behind the materials modulation of interfacial structures. This paper starts with a brief introduction of processes and structures of catalyst/ionomer interfaces, which is followed by a detailed review of progresses in key materials toward interface optimization, including catalysts, ionomers, and additives, with particular emphasis on the role of materials structure in regulating the intermolecular interactions. Finally, the challenges for the application of the established materials and research directions to broaden the material library are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Tang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Huangli Yan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xianming Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhenying Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Shengli Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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11
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Gui R, Cheng H, Wang M, Tai X, Zhang H, Liu C, Cao X, Chen C, Ge M, Wang H, Zheng X, Chu W, Lin Y, Xie Y, Wu C. Symmetry-Induced Regulation of Pt Strain Derived from Pt 3 Ga Intermetallic for Boosting Oxygen Reduction Reaction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2307661. [PMID: 37994613 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Pt-based fuel cell catalysts with excellent activity and stability for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have been developed through strain regulation in recent years. Herein, this work demonstrates that symmetry-induced strain regulation of Pt surface of PtGa intermetallic compounds can greatly enhance the catalytic performance of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). With the strain environment varies derived from the lattice mismatch of analogous PtGa core but different symmetry, the Pt surface of the PtGa alloy and the Pt3 Ga (Pm3 ¯ $\bar{3}$ m) precisely realize 0.58% and 2.7% compressive strain compared to the Pt3 Ga (P4/mmm). Experimental and theoretical results reveal that when the compressive stress of the Pt lattice increases, the desorption process of O* intermediates becomes accelerated, which is conducive to oxygen reduction. The Pt3 Ga (Pm3 ¯ $\bar{3}$ m) with high symmetry and compressive Pt surface exhibit the highest mass and specific activities of 2.18 A mgPt -1 and 5.36 mA cm-2 , respectively, which are more than one order of magnitude higher than those of commercial Pt/C catalysts. This work demonstrates that material symmetry can be used to precisely modulate Pt surface stress to enhance the ORR, as well as provide a distinct platform to investigate the relationship between Pt compressibility and catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Gui
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Han Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Minghao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Xiaolin Tai
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, China
| | - Congyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Xuemin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Chen Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, China
| | - Min Ge
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Huijuan Wang
- Experimental Center of Engineering and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xusheng Zheng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, China
| | - Wangsheng Chu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, China
| | - Yue Lin
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Changzheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
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12
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Zeng X, Jing Y, Gao S, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Liu H, Liang C, Ji C, Rao Y, Wu J, Wang B, Yao Y, Yang S. Hydrogenated borophene enabled synthesis of multielement intermetallic catalysts. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7414. [PMID: 37973849 PMCID: PMC10654666 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43294-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Supported metal catalysts often suffer from rapid degradation under harsh conditions due to material failure and weak metal-support interaction. Here we propose using reductive hydrogenated borophene to in-situ synthesize Pt/B/C catalysts with small sizes (~2.5 nm), high-density dispersion (up to 80 wt%Pt), and promising stability, originating from forming Pt-B bond which are theoretically ~5× stronger than Pt-C. Based on the Pt/B/C module, a series (~18 kinds) of carbon supported binary, ternary, quaternary, and quinary Pt intermetallic compound nanocatalysts with sub-4 nm size are synthesized. Thanks to the stable intermetallics and strong metal-support interaction, annealing at 1000 °C does not cause those nanoparticles sintering. They also show much improved activity and stability in electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction. Therefore, by introducing the boron chemistry, the hydrogenated borophene derived multielement catalysts enable the synergy of small size, high loading, stable anchoring, and flexible compositions, thus demonstrating high versatility toward efficient and durable catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Zeng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China
- National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China
| | - Yudan Jing
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China
- Shaanxi Coal Chemical Industry Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd, Xi'an, 710100, PR China
| | - Saisai Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China
- Shaanxi Coal Chemical Industry Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd, Xi'an, 710100, PR China
| | - Wencong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
- Hydrogen Science Research Center, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Yang Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China
- National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China
| | - Hanwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Chao Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China
- National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China
| | - Chenchen Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017, PR China
| | - Yi Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Jianbo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
- Hydrogen Science Research Center, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China.
- National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China.
| | - Yonggang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
| | - Shengchun Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China.
- National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China.
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13
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Xu Y, Xie R, Li Q, Feng J, Luo H, Ye Q, Guo Z, Cao Y, Palma M, Chai G, Titirici MM, Jones CR. Pyridine Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes: Unveiling the Role of External Pyridinic Nitrogen Sites for Oxygen Reduction Reaction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302795. [PMID: 37415517 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Pyridinic nitrogen has been recognized as the primary active site in nitrogen-doped carbon electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which is a critical process in many renewable energy devices. However, the preparation of nitrogen-doped carbon catalysts comprised of exclusively pyridinic nitrogen remains challenging, as well as understanding the precise ORR mechanisms on the catalyst. Herein, a novel process is developed using pyridyne reactive intermediates to functionalize carbon nanotubes (CNTs) exclusively with pyridine rings for ORR electrocatalysis. The relationship between the structure and ORR performance of the prepared materials is studied in combination with density functional theory calculations to probe the ORR mechanism on the catalyst. Pyridinic nitrogen can contribute to a more efficient 4-electron reaction pathway, while high level of pyridyne functionalization result in negative structural effects, such as poor electrical conductivity, reduced surface area, and small pore diameters, that suppressed the ORR performance. This study provides insights into pyridine-doped CNTs-functionalized for the first time via pyridyne intermediates-as applied in the ORR and is expected to serve as valuable inspiration in designing high-performance electrocatalysts for energy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ruikuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jingyu Feng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Hui Luo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Qingyu Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Zhenyu Guo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ye Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Matteo Palma
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Guoliang Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | | | - Christopher R Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
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14
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Sun D, Zhao Z, Jin M, Zhang H. Tailoring ionomer distribution in the catalyst layer via heteroatom-functionalization toward superior PEMFC performance. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11357-11360. [PMID: 37670613 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03610c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigate in detail the influence of O, S, and N functionalization of Pt3Co/C catalysts on the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The results demonstrated that N-functionalization is more beneficial for the distribution of the ionomer in the catalyst layer, resulting in a trade-off between oxygen and hydronium ion transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianding Sun
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhong Zhao
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Meng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Haimin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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15
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Tang W, Mai J, Liu L, Yu N, Fu L, Chen Y, Liu Y, Wu Y, van Ree T. Recent advances of bifunctional catalysts for zinc air batteries with stability considerations: from selecting materials to reconstruction. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:4368-4401. [PMID: 37638171 PMCID: PMC10448312 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00074e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
With the growing depletion of traditional fossil energy resources and ongoing enhanced awareness of environmental protection, research on electrochemical energy storage techniques like zinc-air batteries is receiving close attention. A significant amount of work on bifunctional catalysts is devoted to improving OER and ORR reaction performance to pave the way for the commercialization of new batteries. Although most traditional energy storage systems perform very well, their durability in practical applications is receiving less attention, with issues such as carbon corrosion, reconstruction during the OER process, and degradation, which can seriously impact long-term use. To be able to design bifunctional materials in a bottom-up approach, a summary of different kinds of carbon materials and transition metal-based materials will be of assistance in selecting a suitable and highly active catalyst from the extensive existing non-precious materials database. Also, the modulation of current carbon materials, aimed at increasing defects and vacancies in carbon and electron distribution in metal-N-C is introduced to attain improved ORR performance of porous materials with fast mass and air transfer. Finally, the reconstruction of catalysts is introduced. The review concludes with comprehensive recommendations for obtaining high-performance and highly-durable catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-oriented Chemical Engineering, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Jiarong Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-oriented Chemical Engineering, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Lili Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-oriented Chemical Engineering, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Nengfei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-oriented Chemical Engineering, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Lijun Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-oriented Chemical Engineering, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Yuhui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-oriented Chemical Engineering, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Yankai Liu
- Hunan Bolt Power New Energy Co., Ltd Dianjiangjun Industrial Park, Louxing District Loudi 417000 Hunan China
| | - Yuping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-oriented Chemical Engineering, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
- Hunan Bolt Power New Energy Co., Ltd Dianjiangjun Industrial Park, Louxing District Loudi 417000 Hunan China
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University Nanjing 210096 China
| | - Teunis van Ree
- Department of Chemistry, University of Venda Thohoyandou 0950 South Africa
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16
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Cai J, Chen J, Chen Y, Zhang J, Zhang S. Engineering carbon semi-tubes supported platinum catalyst for efficient oxygen reduction electrocatalysis. iScience 2023; 26:106730. [PMID: 37216112 PMCID: PMC10193227 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Innovation of catalyst structure is extremely important to develop the high-performance electrocatalysts for oxygen-reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, nitrogen-doped carbon semi-tube (N-CST) is used as a functional support for stabilizing the microwave-reduced Pt nanoparticles with an average size of ∼2.8 nm to synthesize the semi-tubular Pt/N-CST catalyst. The contribution of interfacial Pt-N bond between N-CST support and Pt nanoparticles with electrons transfer from N-CST support to Pt nanoparticles is found by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy. This bridged Pt-N coordination can simultaneously help ORR electrocatalysis and promote electrochemical stability. As a result, the innovative Pt/N-CST catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic performance, realizing ORR activity and electrochemical stability superior to the commercial Pt/C catalyst. Furthermore, density functional theoretical (DFT) calculations suggest that the interfacial Pt-N-C site with unique affinity of O∗ + OH∗ can provide new active routes for the enhanced electrocatalytic ORR capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Cai
- Institute for Sustainable Energy/College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Junxiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, and CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Yizhe Chen
- Institute for Sustainable Energy/College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jiujun Zhang
- Institute for Sustainable Energy/College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Shiming Zhang
- Institute for Sustainable Energy/College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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17
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Construction of catalyst layer network structure for proton exchange membrane fuel cell derived from polymeric dispersion. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 638:184-192. [PMID: 36738543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.01.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A rational design of the structure of catalyst layer (CL) is required for proton exchange membrane fuel cells to attain outstanding performance and excellent stability. It is crucial to have a profound comprehension of the correlations existing between the properties (catalyst ink), network structures of CL and proton exchange membrane fuel cells' performance for the rational design of the structure of CL. This study deeply investigates the effects of a series of alcohol solvents on the properties and network structure of CL. The results demonstrate that the CL aggregates in higher ε solution show smaller particle sizes, and the sulfonic acid groups (∼SO3H) tend to extend more outward due to the strong dissociation. A more continuous and homogeneous ionomer distribution around Pt/C aggregates is observed in the CL, which improves the electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) and performance of the electrode. But, the electrode has a poor performance at high current density regions due to the mass transfer resistance. Based on this, a two-step solvent control strategy is proposed to maintain uniform ionomer and aggerates distribution and optimize the mass transfer for CL. The performance of the cell improves from 0.555 V to 0.615 V at 2000 mA·cm-2.
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18
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You J, Zheng Z, Cheng X, Li H, Fu C, Luo L, Wei G, Shen S, Yan X, Zhang J. Insight into Oxygen Transport in Solid and High-Surface-Area Carbon Supports of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:21457-21466. [PMID: 37070714 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the oxygen transport mechanism through an ionomer film that covered the catalyst surface is essential for reducing local oxygen transport resistance and improving the low Pt-loading proton exchange membrane fuel cell performance. Besides the ionomer material, the carbon supports, upon which ionomers and catalyst particles are dispersed, also play a crucial role in local oxygen transport. Increasing attention has been paid to the effects of carbon supports on local transport, but the detailed mechanism is still unclear. Herein, the local oxygen transports based on conventional solid carbon (SC) and high-surface-area carbon (HSC) supports are investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. It is found that oxygen diffuses through the ionomer film that covered the SC supports via "effective diffusion" and "ineffective diffusion". The former denotes the process by which oxygen diffuses directly from the ionomer surface to the Pt upper surface through small and concentrated regions. In contrast, ineffective diffusion suffers more restrictions by both carbon- and Pt-dense layers, and thus, the oxygen pathways are long and tortuous. The HSC supports exhibit larger transport resistance relative to SC supports due to the existence of micropores. Also, the major transport resistance originates from the carbon-dense layer as it inhibits oxygen from diffusing downward and migrating toward the pore opening, while the oxygen transport inside the pore is facile along the pore's inner surface, which leads to a specific and short diffusion pathway. This work provides insight into oxygen transport behavior with SC and HSC supports, which is the basis for the development of high-performance electrodes with low local transport resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin You
- Institute of Fuel Cells, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhifeng Zheng
- Institute of Fuel Cells, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaojing Cheng
- Institute of Fuel Cells, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Huiyuan Li
- Institute of Fuel Cells, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Cehuang Fu
- Institute of Fuel Cells, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Liuxuan Luo
- Institute of Fuel Cells, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Guanghua Wei
- SJTU-Paris Tech Elite Institute of Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shuiyun Shen
- Institute of Fuel Cells, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaohui Yan
- Institute of Fuel Cells, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Institute of Fuel Cells, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Power & Machinery Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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19
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Ning F, Qin J, Dan X, Pan S, Bai C, Shen M, Li Y, Fu X, Zhou S, Shen Y, Feng W, Zou Y, Cui Y, Song Y, Zhou X. Nanosized Proton Conductor Array with High Specific Surface Area Improves Fuel Cell Performance at Low Pt Loading. ACS NANO 2023; 17:9487-9500. [PMID: 37129062 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c01690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The use of ordered catalyst layers, based on micro-/nanostructured arrays such as the ordered Nafion array, has demonstrated great potential in reducing catalyst loading and improving fuel cell performance. However, the size (diameter) of the basic unit of the most existing ordered Nafion arrays, such as Nafion pillar or cone, is typically limited to micron or submicron sizes. Such small sizes only provide a limited number of proton transfer channels and a small specific area for catalyst loading. In this work, the ordered Nafion array with a pillar diameter of only 40 nm (D40) was successfully prepared through optimization of the Nafion solvent, thermal annealing temperature, and stripping mode from the anode alumina oxide (AAO) template. The density of D40 is 2.7 × 1010 pillars/cm2, providing an abundance of proton transfer channels. Additionally, D40 has a specific area of up to 51.5 cm2/cm2, which offers a large area for catalyst loading. This, in turn, results in the interface between the catalyst layer and gas diffusion layer becoming closer. Consequently, the peak power densities of the fuel cells are 1.47 (array as anode) and 1.29 W/cm2 (array as cathode), which are 3.3 and 2.9 times of that without array, respectively. The catalyst loading is significantly reduced to 17.6 (array as anode) and 61.0 μg/cm2 (array as cathode). Thus, the nanosized Nafion array has been proven to have high fuel cell performance with low Pt catalyst loading. Moreover, this study also provides guidance for the design of a catalyst layer for water electrolysis and electrosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fandi Ning
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Division of Advanced Nanomaterials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jiaqi Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Xiong Dan
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Division of Advanced Nanomaterials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Saifei Pan
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Division of Advanced Nanomaterials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chuang Bai
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Division of Advanced Nanomaterials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Min Shen
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Division of Advanced Nanomaterials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yali Li
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Division of Advanced Nanomaterials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xuwei Fu
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Division of Advanced Nanomaterials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shi Zhou
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Division of Advanced Nanomaterials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yangbin Shen
- Division of Advanced Nanomaterials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorinated Functional Membrane Materials, Shandong Dongyue Polymer Material Co., Ltd., Zibo 256401, China
| | - Yecheng Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorinated Functional Membrane Materials, Shandong Dongyue Polymer Material Co., Ltd., Zibo 256401, China
| | - Yi Cui
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Vacuum Interconnected Workstation, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yujiang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Xiaochun Zhou
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Division of Advanced Nanomaterials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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20
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Mehrpooya M, Ganjali MR, Mousavi SA, Hedayat N, Allahyarzadeh A. Comprehensive Review of Fuel-Cell-Type Sensors for Gas Detection. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c03790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Mehrpooya
- Department of Renewable Energies and Environment, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran1439957131, Iran
- Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Laboratory, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran1439957131, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ganjali
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran1417614411, Iran
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran1439957131, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Mousavi
- Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Laboratory, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran1439957131, Iran
| | - Nader Hedayat
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio44325, United States
| | - Ali Allahyarzadeh
- Department of Renewable Energies and Environment, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran1439957131, Iran
- Mechanical Engineering, Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo68503, Brazil
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21
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Advances in Low Pt Loading Membrane Electrode Assembly for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020773. [PMID: 36677836 PMCID: PMC9866934 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen has the potential to be one of the solutions that can address environmental pollution and greenhouse emissions from traditional fossil fuels. However, high costs hinder its large-scale commercialization, particularly for enabling devices such as proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The precious metal Pt is indispensable in boosting the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in cathode electrocatalysts from the most crucial component, i.e., the membrane electrode assembly (MEA). MEAs account for a considerable amount of the entire cost of PEMFCs. To address these bottlenecks, researchers either increase Pt utilization efficiency or produce MEAs with enhanced performance but less Pt. Only a few reviews that explain the approaches are available. This review summarizes advances in designing nanocatalysts and optimizing the catalyst layer structure to achieve low-Pt loading MEAs. Different strategies and their corresponding effectiveness, e.g., performance in half-cells or MEA, are summarized and compared. Finally, future directions are discussed and proposed, aiming at affordable, highly active, and durable PEMFCs.
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22
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Chen M, Chen Y, Cai J, Yang Z, Tang M, Chung-Yen Jung J, Chen S, Zhang J, Zhang S. Multi-sites synergistic modulation in oxygen reduction electrocatalysis. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 629:697-705. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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23
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Oriented intergrowth of the catalyst layer in membrane electrode assembly for alkaline water electrolysis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7956. [PMID: 36575177 PMCID: PMC9794718 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35603-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of membrane electrode assemblies is considered a promising approach for increasing the energy efficiency of conventional alkaline water electrolysis. However, previous investigations have mostly focused on improving membrane conductivity and electrocatalyst activity. This study reports an all-in-one membrane electrode assembly obtained by de novo design. The introduction of a porous membrane readily enables the oriented intergrowth of ordered catalyst layers using solvothermal methods, leading to the formation of an all-in-one MEA for alkaline water electrolysis. This all-in-one MEA features ordered catalyst layers with large surface areas, a low-tortuosity pore structure, integrated catalyst layer/membrane interfaces, and a well-ordered OH- transfer channel. Owing to this design, a high current density of 1000 mA cm-2 is obtained at 1.57 V in 30 wt% KOH, resulting in a 94% energy efficiency. This work highlights the prospects of all-in-one membrane electrode assemblies in designing next-generation high-performance alkaline water electrolysis.
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24
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You J, Cheng X, Li H, Yin J, Yan X, Wei G, Shen S, Zhang J. Innovative Insight into O 2/N 2 Permeation Behavior through an Ionomer Film in Cathode Catalyst Layers of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:11444-11453. [PMID: 36468972 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
It is crucial to clarify the permeation behavior of O2 through the ionomer film for enhancing local O2 transport in cathodes of fuel cells. However, all existing studies mainly deal with pure O2 rather than air. Herein, the permeation behavior of the O2/N2 mixture through the ionomer film has been well explored in view of molecular bond length variations by molecular dynamics simulations. The bond lengths for O2 and N2 are shortened under a low hydration level when permeating through a dense layer with small free voids while no obvious change occurs at higher hydration. In the bulk ionomer region, O2 molecules residing in water domains are energetically unstable because the bond lengths deviate far from the equilibrium length; thus, O2 diffuses through the interfacial or hydrophobic regions. N2 molecules show similar properties with O2. This study provides a novel perspective on the permeation behavior of O2 and N2 through the ionomer film, which definitely benefits enhancing local O2 transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin You
- Institute of Fuel Cells, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Cheng
- Institute of Fuel Cells, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240Shanghai, China
| | - Huiyuan Li
- Institute of Fuel Cells, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240Shanghai, China
| | - Jiewei Yin
- Institute of Fuel Cells, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohui Yan
- Institute of Fuel Cells, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240Shanghai, China
| | - Guanghua Wei
- SJTU-Paris Tech Elite Institute of Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240Shanghai, China
| | - Shuiyun Shen
- Institute of Fuel Cells, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240Shanghai, China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Institute of Fuel Cells, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240Shanghai, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Power & Machinery Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240Shanghai, China
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25
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Zeng WJ, Wang C, Yan QQ, Yin P, Tong L, Liang HW. Phase diagrams guide synthesis of highly ordered intermetallic electrocatalysts: separating alloying and ordering stages. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7654. [PMID: 36496497 PMCID: PMC9741640 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35457-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Supported platinum intermetallic compound catalysts have attracted considerable attention owing to their remarkable activities and durability for the oxygen reduction reaction in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells. However, the synthesis of highly ordered intermetallic compound catalysts remains a challenge owing to the limited understanding of their formation mechanism under high-temperature conditions. In this study, we perform in-situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction studies to investigate the structural evolution in the impregnation synthesis of carbon-supported intermetallic catalysts. We identify the phase-transition-temperature (TPT)-dependent evolution process that involve concurrent (for alloys with high TPT) or separate (for alloys with low TPT) alloying/ordering stages. Accordingly, we realize the synthesis of highly ordered intermetallic catalysts by adopting a separate annealing protocol with a high-temperature alloying stage and a low-temperature ordering stage, which display a high mass activity of 0.96 A mgPt-1 at 0.9 V in H2-O2 fuel cells and a remarkable durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jie Zeng
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Chang Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Qiang-Qiang Yan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Peng Yin
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Lei Tong
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Hai-Wei Liang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
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26
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Xing L, Chen G, Xuan J, He L, Xu Q, Zhang S, Su H, Shi W. Improvement of catalyst utilisation in PEM fuel cells through inhomogeneous distribution of Pt under channels and ribs. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.118077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Cao F, Zhang H, Duan X, Li X, Ding R, Hua K, Rui Z, Wu Y, Yuan M, Wang J, Li J, Han M, Liu J. Coating Porous TiO 2 Films on Carbon Nanotubes to Enhance the Durability of Ultrafine PtCo/CNT Nanocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:51975-51982. [PMID: 36349637 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c15517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The development of excellent activity and durability catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is essential for the commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Reducing the size of catalyst particles can provide more reaction sites to mitigate the performance degradation caused by reduced platinum loading. However, at the same time, it makes the particles more prone to agglomeration and exfoliation, leading to a rapid reduction in catalyst activity. Here, we present the design of a composite support (TiO2/CNT) with a porous TiO2 film that immobilizes PtCo nanoparticles (NPs) loaded on the support while protecting the carbon nanotubes inside. The particle size of PtCo NPs was only 1.99 nm (determined by transmission electron microscopy), but the nanocatalyst (PtCo/TiO2/CNT) maintained high catalytic performance and stability on account of the strong metal support interaction (SMSI). PtCo/TiO2/CNT exhibited a high mass activity (MA, 0.476 A mgPt-1) and was found to have MA retention rates of 91.7 and 88.8% in durability tests performed at 0.6-1.0 V and 1.0-1.5 V, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Cao
- Institute of Energy Power Innovation, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, Changping 102206, China
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiao Duan
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiaoke Li
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Rui Ding
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Kang Hua
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhiyan Rui
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yongkang Wu
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Mengchen Yuan
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jiankang Wang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jia Li
- Institute of Energy Power Innovation, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, Changping 102206, China
| | - Min Han
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Institute of Energy Power Innovation, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, Changping 102206, China
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28
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Ipadeola AK, Eid K, Abdullah AM, Al-Hajri RS, Ozoemena KI. Pd/Ni-metal-organic framework-derived porous carbon nanosheets for efficient CO oxidation over a wide pH range. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:5044-5055. [PMID: 36504739 PMCID: PMC9680948 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00455k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanocrystal ornamented metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are of particular interest in multidisciplinary applications; however, their electrocatalytic CO oxidation performance over wide pH ranges is not yet reported. Herein, Ni-MOF-derived hierarchical porous carbon nanosheets (Ni-MOF/PC) with abundant Ni-N x sites decorated with Pd nanocrystals (Pd/Ni-MOF/PC) were synthesized by microwave-irradiation (MW-I) followed by annealing at 900 °C and subsequent etching of Ni-MOF/C prior to Pd deposition. The fabrication mechanism comprises the generation of self-reduced reducing gases from triethylamine during the annealing and selective chemical etching of Ni, thereby facilitating the reduction of Ni-anchored MOF and Pd nanocrystal deposition with the aid of ethylene glycol and MW-I to yield Pd/Ni-N x enriched MOF/PC. The synthetic strategies endear the Pd/Ni-MOF/PC with unique physicochemical merits: abundant defects, interconnected pores, high electrical conductivity, high surface area, Ni-deficient but more active sites for Pd/Ni-N x in porous carbon nanosheets, and synergism. These merits endowed the CO oxidation activity and stability on Pd/Ni-MOF/PC substantially than those of Pd/Ni-MOF/C and Pd/C catalysts in wide pH conditions (i.e., KOH, HClO4, and NaHCO3). The CO oxidation activity study reveals the utilization of MOF/PC with metal nanocrystals (Pd/Ni) in CO oxidation catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kamel Eid
- Gas Processing Center (GPC), College of Engineering, Qatar University Doha 2713 Qatar
| | | | - Rashid S Al-Hajri
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering Department, Sultan Qaboos University Muscat Oman
| | - Kenneth I Ozoemena
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand Private Bag 3, PO Wits Johannesburg 2050 South Africa
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29
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Ayyubov I, Tálas E, Salmanzade K, Kuncser A, Pászti Z, Neațu Ș, Mirea AG, Florea M, Tompos A, Borbáth I. Electrocatalytic Properties of Mixed-Oxide-Containing Composite-Supported Platinum for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15103671. [PMID: 35629708 PMCID: PMC9148157 DOI: 10.3390/ma15103671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
TiO2-based mixed oxide–carbon composite supports have been suggested to provide enhanced stability for platinum (Pt) electrocatalysts in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells. The addition of molybdenum (Mo) to the mixed oxide is known to increase the CO tolerance of the electrocatalyst. In this work Pt catalysts, supported on Ti1−xMoxO2–C composites with a 25/75 oxide/carbon mass ratio and prepared from different carbon materials (C: Vulcan XC-72, unmodified and functionalized Black Pearls 2000), were compared in the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) and in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) with a commercial Pt/C reference catalyst in order to assess the influence of the support on the electrocatalytic behavior. Our aim was to perform electrochemical studies in preparation for fuel cell tests. The ORR kinetic parameters from the Koutecky–Levich plot suggested a four-electron transfer per oxygen molecule, resulting in H2O. The similarity between the Tafel slopes suggested the same reaction mechanism for electrocatalysts supported by these composites. The HOR activity of the composite-supported electrocatalysts was independent of the type of carbonaceous material. A noticeable difference in the stability of the catalysts appeared only after 5000 polarization cycles; the Black Pearl-containing sample showed the highest stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilgar Ayyubov
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Magyar Tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (I.A.); (E.T.); (K.S.); (Z.P.); (I.B.)
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Emília Tálas
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Magyar Tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (I.A.); (E.T.); (K.S.); (Z.P.); (I.B.)
| | - Khirdakhanim Salmanzade
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Magyar Tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (I.A.); (E.T.); (K.S.); (Z.P.); (I.B.)
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrei Kuncser
- National Institute of Materials Physics, 405A Atomistilor Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (A.K.); (Ș.N.); (A.G.M.); (M.F.)
| | - Zoltán Pászti
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Magyar Tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (I.A.); (E.T.); (K.S.); (Z.P.); (I.B.)
| | - Ștefan Neațu
- National Institute of Materials Physics, 405A Atomistilor Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (A.K.); (Ș.N.); (A.G.M.); (M.F.)
| | - Anca G. Mirea
- National Institute of Materials Physics, 405A Atomistilor Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (A.K.); (Ș.N.); (A.G.M.); (M.F.)
| | - Mihaela Florea
- National Institute of Materials Physics, 405A Atomistilor Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (A.K.); (Ș.N.); (A.G.M.); (M.F.)
| | - András Tompos
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Magyar Tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (I.A.); (E.T.); (K.S.); (Z.P.); (I.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-1-382-501
| | - Irina Borbáth
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Magyar Tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (I.A.); (E.T.); (K.S.); (Z.P.); (I.B.)
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