1
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Cai Q, McWhinnie IM, Dow NW, Chan AY, MacMillan DWC. Engaging Alkenes in Metallaphotoredox: A Triple Catalytic, Radical Sorting Approach to Olefin-Alcohol Cross-Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12300-12309. [PMID: 38657210 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Metallaphotoredox cross-coupling is a well-established strategy for generating clinically privileged aliphatic scaffolds via single-electron reactivity. Correspondingly, expanding metallaphotoredox to encompass new C(sp3)-coupling partners could provide entry to a novel, medicinally relevant chemical space. In particular, alkenes are abundant, bench-stable, and capable of versatile C(sp3)-radical reactivity via metal-hydride hydrogen atom transfer (MHAT), although metallaphotoredox methodologies invoking this strategy remain underdeveloped. Importantly, merging MHAT activation with metallaphotoredox could enable the cross-coupling of olefins with feedstock partners such as alcohols, which undergo facile open-shell activation via photocatalysis. Herein, we report the first C(sp3)-C(sp3) coupling of MHAT-activated alkenes with alcohols by performing deoxygenative hydroalkylation via triple cocatalysis. Through synergistic Ir photoredox, Mn MHAT, and Ni radical sorting pathways, this branch-selective protocol pairs diverse olefins and methanol or primary alcohols with remarkable functional group tolerance to enable the rapid construction of complex aliphatic frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyan Cai
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Iona M McWhinnie
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Nathan W Dow
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Amy Y Chan
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - David W C MacMillan
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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2
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Akana ME, Tcyrulnikov S, Akana-Schneider BD, Reyes GP, Monfette S, Sigman MS, Hansen EC, Weix DJ. Computational Methods Enable the Prediction of Improved Catalysts for Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Electrophile Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3043-3051. [PMID: 38276910 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Cross-electrophile coupling has emerged as an attractive and efficient method for the synthesis of C(sp2)-C(sp3) bonds. These reactions are most often catalyzed by nickel complexes of nitrogenous ligands, especially 2,2'-bipyridines. Precise prediction, selection, and design of optimal ligands remains challenging, despite significant increases in reaction scope and mechanistic understanding. Molecular parameterization and statistical modeling provide a path to the development of improved bipyridine ligands that will enhance the selectivity of existing reactions and broaden the scope of electrophiles that can be coupled. Herein, we describe the generation of a computational ligand library, correlation of observed reaction outcomes with features of the ligands, and the in silico design of improved bipyridine ligands for Ni-catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling. The new nitrogen-substituted ligands display a 5-fold increase in selectivity for product formation versus homodimerization when compared to the current state of the art. This increase in selectivity and yield was general for several cross-electrophile couplings, including the challenging coupling of an aryl chloride with an N-alkylpyridinium salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle E Akana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Sergei Tcyrulnikov
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Brett D Akana-Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Giselle P Reyes
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Sebastien Monfette
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Matthew S Sigman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Eric C Hansen
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Daniel J Weix
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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3
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Williams WL, Gutiérrez-Valencia NE, Doyle AG. Branched-Selective Cross-Electrophile Coupling of 2-Alkyl Aziridines and (Hetero)aryl Iodides Using Ti/Ni Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:24175-24183. [PMID: 37888947 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The arylation of 2-alkyl aziridines by nucleophilic ring-opening or transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling enables facile access to biologically relevant β-phenethylamine derivatives. However, both approaches largely favor C-C bond formation at the less-substituted carbon of the aziridine, thus enabling access to only linear products. Consequently, despite the attractive bond disconnection that it poses, the synthesis of branched arylated products from 2-alkyl aziridines has remained inaccessible. Herein, we address this long-standing challenge and report the first branched-selective cross-coupling of 2-alkyl aziridines with aryl iodides. This unique selectivity is enabled by a Ti/Ni dual-catalytic system. We demonstrate the robustness of the method by a twofold approach: an additive screening campaign to probe functional group tolerance and a feature-driven substrate scope to study the effect of the local steric and electronic profile of each coupling partner on reactivity. Furthermore, the diversity of this feature-driven substrate scope enabled the generation of predictive reactivity models that guided mechanistic understanding. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that the branched selectivity arises from a TiIII-induced radical ring-opening of the aziridine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy L Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Neyci E Gutiérrez-Valencia
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Abigail G Doyle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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4
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Ibrahim MS, Cumming GR, Gonzalez de Vega R, Garcia-Losada P, de Frutos O, Kappe CO, Cantillo D. Electrochemical Nickel-Catalyzed C(sp 3)-C(sp 3) Cross-Coupling of Alkyl Halides with Alkyl Tosylates. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17023-17028. [PMID: 37494617 PMCID: PMC10416217 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Formation of new C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds is a powerful synthetic tool to increase molecular diversity, which is highly sought after in medicinal chemistry. Traditional generation of carbon nucleophiles and more modern cross-electrophile-coupling methods typically lack sufficient selectivity when cross-coupling of analogous C(sp3)-containing reactants is attempted. Herein, we present a nickel-catalyzed, electrochemically driven method for the coupling of alkyl bromides with alkyl tosylates. Selective cross-coupling transformations were achieved even between C(sp3)-secondary bromides and tosylates. Key to achieve high selectivity was the combination of the tosylates with sodium bromide as the supporting electrolyte, gradually generating small amounts of the more reactive bromide by substitution and ensuring that one of the reaction partners in the nickel-catalyzed electroreductive process is maintained in excess during a large part of the process. The method has been demonstrated for a wide range of substrates (>30 compounds) in moderate to good yields. Further expanding the scope of electroorganic synthesis to C(sp3)-C(sp3) cross-coupling reactions is anticipated to facilitate the switch to green organic synthesis and encourage future innovative electrochemical transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malek
Y. S. Ibrahim
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
- Center
for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CCFLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Graham R. Cumming
- Centro
de Investigación Lilly S.A., Avda. de la Industria 30, 28108 Alcobendas-Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Gonzalez de Vega
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
- TESLA-Analytical
Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Pablo Garcia-Losada
- Centro
de Investigación Lilly S.A., Avda. de la Industria 30, 28108 Alcobendas-Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar de Frutos
- Centro
de Investigación Lilly S.A., Avda. de la Industria 30, 28108 Alcobendas-Madrid, Spain
| | - C. Oliver Kappe
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
- Center
for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CCFLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Graz 8010, Austria
| | - David Cantillo
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
- Center
for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CCFLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Graz 8010, Austria
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5
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Clapson M, Nelson DJ, Drover MW. Nickel Complexes of Allyl and Vinyldiphenylphosphine. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2023; 3:217-222. [PMID: 37545661 PMCID: PMC10401672 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.3c00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Monodentate phosphine-ligated nickel compounds, e.g., [Ni(PPh3)4] are relevant as active catalysts across a broad range of reactions. This report expands upon the coordination chemistry of this family, offering the reactivity of allyl- and vinyl-substituted diphenylphosphine (PPh2R) with [Ni(COD)2] (COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene). These reactions provide three-coordinate dinickelacycles that are intermolecularly tethered through adjacent {Ni}-olefin interactions. The ring conformation of such cycles has been studied in the solid-state and using theoretical calculations. Here, a difference in reaction outcome is linked to the presence of an allyl vs vinyl group, where the former is observed to undergo rearrangement, bringing about challenges in clean product isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa
L. Clapson
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University
of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - David J. Nelson
- WestCHEM
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland,
U.K.
| | - Marcus W. Drover
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University
of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
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6
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Tang T, Hazra A, Min DS, Williams WL, Jones E, Doyle AG, Sigman MS. Interrogating the Mechanistic Features of Ni(I)-Mediated Aryl Iodide Oxidative Addition Using Electroanalytical and Statistical Modeling Techniques. J Am Chem Soc 2023:10.1021/jacs.3c01726. [PMID: 37014945 PMCID: PMC10548350 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
While the oxidative addition of Ni(I) to aryl iodides has been commonly proposed in catalytic methods, an in-depth mechanistic understanding of this fundamental process is still lacking. Herein, we describe a detailed mechanistic study of the oxidative addition process using electroanalytical and statistical modeling techniques. Electroanalytical techniques allowed rapid measurement of the oxidative addition rates for a diverse set of aryl iodide substrates and four classes of catalytically relevant complexes (Ni(MeBPy), Ni(MePhen), Ni(Terpy), and Ni(BPP)). With >200 experimental rate measurements, we were able to identify essential electronic and steric factors impacting the rate of oxidative addition through multivariate linear regression models. This has led to a classification of oxidative addition mechanisms, either through a three-center concerted or halogen-atom abstraction pathway based on the ligand type. A global heat map of predicted oxidative addition rates was created and shown applicable to a better understanding of the reaction outcome in a case study of a Ni-catalyzed coupling reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhua Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Avijit Hazra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Daniel S. Min
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Wendy L. Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Eli Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Abigail G. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Matthew S. Sigman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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7
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Lee J, Song WJ. Photocatalytic C-O Coupling Enzymes That Operate via Intramolecular Electron Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:5211-5221. [PMID: 36825656 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Efficient and environmentally friendly conversion of light energy for direct utilization in chemical production has been a long-standing goal in enzyme design. Herein, we synthesized artificial photocatalytic enzymes by introducing an Ir photocatalyst and a Ni(bpy) complex to an optimal protein scaffold in close proximity. Consequently, the enzyme generated C-O coupling products with up to 96% yields by harvesting visible light and performing intramolecular electron transfer between the two catalysts. We systematically modulated the catalytic activities of the artificial photocatalytic cross-coupling enzymes by tuning the electrochemical properties of the catalytic components, their positions, and distances within a protein. As a result, we discovered the best-performing mutant that showed broad substrate scopes under optimized conditions. This work explicitly demonstrated that we could integrate and control both the inorganic and biochemical components of photocatalytic biocatalysis to achieve high yield and selectivity in valuable chemical transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon Ju Song
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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8
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Duan A, Xiao F, Lan Y, Niu L. Mechanistic views and computational studies on transition-metal-catalyzed reductive coupling reactions. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:9986-10015. [PMID: 36374254 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00371f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed reductive coupling reactions have been considered as a powerful tool to convert two electrophiles into value-added products. Numerous related reports have shown the fascinating potential. Mechanistic studies, especially theoretical studies, can provide important implications for the design of novel reductive coupling reactions. In this review, we summarize the representative advancements in theoretical studies on transition-metal-catalyzed reductive coupling reactions and systematically elaborate the mechanisms for the key steps of reductive coupling reactions. The activation modes of electrophiles and the deep insights of selectivity generation are mechanistically discussed. In addition, the mechanism of the reduction of high-oxidation-state catalysts and further construction of new chemical bonds are also described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abing Duan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Fengjiao Xiao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Yu Lan
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China. .,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Linbin Niu
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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9
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Brewster JT, Randall SD, Kowalski J, Cruz C, Shoemaker R, Tarlton E, Hinklin RJ. A Decarboxylative Cross-Coupling Platform To Access 2-Heteroaryl Azetidines: Building Blocks with Application in Medicinal Chemistry. Org Lett 2022; 24:9123-9129. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James T. Brewster
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Pfizer Boulder Research and Development, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Samuel D. Randall
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Pfizer Boulder Research and Development, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - John Kowalski
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Pfizer Boulder Research and Development, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Cole Cruz
- Medicinal Chemistry Synthesis Development, Pfizer Boulder Research and Development, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Richard Shoemaker
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Pfizer Boulder Research and Development, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Eugene Tarlton
- Medicinal Chemistry Synthesis Development, Pfizer Boulder Research and Development, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Ronald J. Hinklin
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Pfizer Boulder Research and Development, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
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10
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Tsymbal AV, Bizzini LD, MacMillan DWC. Nickel Catalysis via S H2 Homolytic Substitution: The Double Decarboxylative Cross-Coupling of Aliphatic Acids. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:21278-21286. [PMID: 36375080 PMCID: PMC10680145 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cross-coupling platforms are traditionally built around a sequence of closed-shell steps, such as oxidative addition, transmetalation, and reductive elimination. Herein, we describe a dual photo/nickel catalytic manifold that performs cross-coupling via a complementary sequence involving free radical generation, radical sorting via selective binding to a Ni(II) center, and bimolecular homolytic substitution (SH2) at a high-valent nickel-alkyl complex. This catalytic manifold enables the hitherto elusive cross-coupling of diverse aliphatic carboxylic acids to generate valuable C(sp3)-C(sp3)-products. Notably, the powerful SH2 mechanism provides general access to sterically encumbered quaternary carbon centers, addressing a long-standing challenge in fragment coupling chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem V Tsymbal
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Lorenzo Delarue Bizzini
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - David W C MacMillan
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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11
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Newman-Stonebraker SH, Wang JY, Jeffrey PD, Doyle AG. Structure-Reactivity Relationships of Buchwald-Type Phosphines in Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:19635-19648. [PMID: 36250758 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The dialkyl-ortho-biaryl class of phosphines, commonly known as Buchwald-type ligands, are among the most important phosphines in Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling. These ligands have also been successfully applied to several synthetically valuable Ni-catalyzed cross-coupling methodologies and, as demonstrated in this work, are top performing ligands in Ni-catalyzed Suzuki Miyaura Coupling (SMC) and C-N coupling reactions, even outperforming commonly employed bisphosphines like dppf in many circumstances. However, little is known about their structure-reactivity relationships (SRRs) with Ni, and limited examples of well-defined, catalytically relevant Ni complexes with Buchwald-type ligands exist. In this work, we report the analysis of Buchwald-type phosphine SRRs in four representative Ni-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. Our study was guided by data-driven classification analysis, which together with mechanistic organometallic studies of structurally characterized Ni(0), Ni(I), and Ni(II) complexes allowed us to rationalize reactivity patterns in catalysis. Overall, we expect that this study will serve as a platform for further exploration of this ligand class in organonickel chemistry as well as in the development of new Ni-catalyzed cross-coupling methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel H Newman-Stonebraker
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jason Y Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Philip D Jeffrey
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Abigail G Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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12
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Dodd NA, Cao Y, Bacsa J, Towles EC, Gray TG, Sadighi JP. Three-Electron Nickel(I)/Nickel(0) Half-Bond. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:16317-16324. [PMID: 36179078 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An (N-heterocyclic carbene)nickel(I) cation precursor reacts with the corresponding nickel(0) complex to form a dinickel(I,0) monocation. The Ni···Ni distance in this cation is 0.93 Å shorter than in the analogous dinickel(0) complex. Although the solid-state structure shows equivalent Ni centers, density functional theory calculations indicate significant electronic localization. Reactions with CO and NO form mononuclear carbonyl and nitrosyl complexes. Oxidative addition of an aryl bromide results in C-arylation of the carbene ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil A Dodd
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Yu Cao
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - John Bacsa
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States.,X-ray Crystallography Center, Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Eric C Towles
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Thomas G Gray
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Joseph P Sadighi
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
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13
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Parker BF, Chatani N. Selective Nickel-Catalyzed Hydrodefluorination of Amides Using Sodium Borohydride. J Org Chem 2022; 87:9969-9976. [PMID: 35818824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hydrodefluorination selective to the ortho position to amides is accomplished under mild conditions using sodium borohydride and a nickel catalyst. The facile formation of a nickelacycle intermediate with a specific geometry ensures selectivity without the need for electronic directing groups, and fluorine atoms in other positions remain intact. This method avoids the use of stoichiometric silanes which are typical for most other defluorination reactions, resulting in virtually no organic waste byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard F Parker
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoto Chatani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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14
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Aragón J, Sun S, Pascual D, Jaworski S, Lloret-Fillol J. Photoredox Activation of Inert Alkyl Chlorides for the Reductive Cross-Coupling with Aromatic Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202114365. [PMID: 35289039 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The inertness of chloroalkanes has precluded them as coupling partners for cross-coupling reactions. Herein we disclose a general strategy for the activation of inert alkyl chlorides through photoredox catalysis and their use as coupling partners with alkenes. The catalytic system is formed by [Ni(OTf)(Py2 Ts tacn)](OTf) (1Ni ), which is responsible for the Csp3 -Cl bond activation, and [Ir(NMe2 bpy)(ppy)2 ]PF6, (PCIr NMe2 ), which is the photoredox catalyst. Combined experimental and theoretical studies show an in situ photogenerated NiI intermediate ([Ni(Py2 Ts tacn)]+ ) which is catalytically competent for the Csp3 -Cl bond cleavage via a SN 2 mechanism for primary alkyl chlorides, forming carbon-centered free radicals, which react with the olefin leading to the formation of the Csp3 -Csp3 bond. These results suggest inert alkyl chlorides can be electrophiles for developing new intermolecular strategies in which low-valent aminopyridine nickel complexes act as key catalytic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Aragón
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Technology Avda. Països Catalans, 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Química Organica i Analítica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carrer Marcel⋅lí Domingo s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Suyun Sun
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Technology Avda. Països Catalans, 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Química Organica i Analítica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carrer Marcel⋅lí Domingo s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - David Pascual
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Technology Avda. Països Catalans, 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Química Organica i Analítica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carrer Marcel⋅lí Domingo s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sebastian Jaworski
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Technology Avda. Països Catalans, 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Julio Lloret-Fillol
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Technology Avda. Països Catalans, 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.,Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys, 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Thane TA, Jarvo ER. Ligand-Based Control of Nickel Catalysts: Switching Chemoselectivity from One-Electron to Two-Electron Pathways in Competing Reactions of 4-Halotetrahydropyrans. Org Lett 2022; 24:5003-5008. [PMID: 35559652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Development of nickel-catalyzed transformations would be facilitated by an improved ability to predict which ligands promote and suppress competing mechanisms. We evaluate ligand-based modulation of catalyst preference for one- or two-electron pathways employing 4-halotetrahydropyrans as model substrates that can undergo divergent reaction pathways. Chemoselectivity for one- or two-electron oxidative addition is predicted by ligand class. Phosphine-ligated nickel catalysts favor closed-shell oxidative addition. In contrast, nitrogen-ligated nickel catalysts prefer the one-electron pathway, initiating with halogen atom transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A Thane
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92617, United States
| | - Elizabeth R Jarvo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92617, United States
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16
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Nickel(II) phosphine-catalysed hydrodehalogenation of aryl halides under mild ambient conditions. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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McGuire RT, Lundrigan T, MacMillan JWM, Robertson KN, Yadav AA, Stradiotto M. Mapping Dual-Base-Enabled Nickel-Catalyzed Aryl Amidations: Application in the Synthesis of 4-Quinolones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200352. [PMID: 35085411 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The C-N cross-coupling of (hetero)aryl (pseudo)halides with NH substrates employing nickel catalysts and organic amine bases represents an emergent strategy for the sustainable synthesis of (hetero)anilines. However, unlike protocols that rely on photoredox/electrochemical/reductant methods within NiI/III cycles, the reaction steps that comprise a putative Ni0/II C-N cross-coupling cycle for a thermally promoted catalyst system using organic amine base have not been elucidated. Here we disclose an efficient new nickel-catalyzed protocol for the C-N cross-coupling of amides and 2'-(pseudo)halide-substituted acetophenones, for the first time where the (pseudo)halide is chloride or sulfonate, which makes use of the commercial bisphosphine ligand PAd2-DalPhos (L4) in combination with an organic amine base/halide scavenger, leading to 4-quinolones. Room-temperature stoichiometric experiments involving isolated Ni0, I, and II species support a Ni0/II pathway, where the combined action of DBU/NaTFA allows for room-temperature amide cross-couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan T McGuire
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Travis Lundrigan
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Joshua W M MacMillan
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Katherine N Robertson
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - Arun A Yadav
- Paraza Pharma Inc., 2525 Avenue Marie-Curie, Montreal, Quebec, H4S 2E1, Canada
| | - Mark Stradiotto
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
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18
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Aragón J, Sun S, Pascual D, Jaworski S, Lloret‐Fillol J. Photoredox Activation of Inert Alkyl Chlorides for the Reductive Cross‐Coupling with Aromatic Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Aragón
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Technology Avda. Països Catalans, 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Departament de Química Organica i Analítica Universitat Rovira i Virgili Carrer Marcel⋅lí Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Suyun Sun
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Technology Avda. Països Catalans, 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Departament de Química Organica i Analítica Universitat Rovira i Virgili Carrer Marcel⋅lí Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - David Pascual
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Technology Avda. Països Catalans, 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Departament de Química Organica i Analítica Universitat Rovira i Virgili Carrer Marcel⋅lí Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Sebastian Jaworski
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Technology Avda. Països Catalans, 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Julio Lloret‐Fillol
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Technology Avda. Països Catalans, 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) Passeig Lluís Companys, 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
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19
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Abstract
This tutorial review showcases recent (2015-2021) work describing ligand construction as it relates to the design of secondary coordination spheres (SCSs). Metalloenzymes, for example, utilize SCSs to stabilize reactive substrates, shuttle small molecules, and alter redox properties, promoting functional activity. In the realm of biomimetic chemistry, specific incorporation of SCS residues (e.g., Brønsted or Lewis acid/bases, crown ethers, redox groups etc.) has been shown to be equally critical to function. This contribution illustrates how fundamental advances in organic and inorganic chemistry have been used for the construction of such SCSs. These imaginative contributions have driven exciting findings in many transformations relevant to clean fuel generation, including small molecule (e.g., H+, N2, CO2, NOx, O2) reduction. In most cases, these reactions occur cooperatively, where both metal and ligand are requisite for substrate activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus W Drover
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada.
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20
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Damiano C, Intrieri D, Sonzini P, Rizzato S, Di Natale C, Paolesse R, Gallo E. Nickel (0) Complexes as Promising Chemosensors for Detecting the
“Cork Taint”
in Wine. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202101013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Damiano
- Department of Chemistry University of Milan Via Golgi 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Daniela Intrieri
- Department of Chemistry University of Milan Via Golgi 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Paolo Sonzini
- Department of Chemistry University of Milan Via Golgi 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Silvia Rizzato
- Department of Chemistry University of Milan Via Golgi 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Corrado Di Natale
- Department of Electronic Engineering University of Roma Tor Vergata Viale del Politecnico 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Roberto Paolesse
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies University of Roma Tor Vergata Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Emma Gallo
- Department of Chemistry University of Milan Via Golgi 19 20133 Milan Italy
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21
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Zurakowski JA, Austen BJ, Drover MW. Exterior decorating: Lewis acid secondary coordination spheres for cooperative reactivity. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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McGuire RT, Lundrigan T, MacMillan JWM, Robertson KN, Yadav AA, Stradiotto M. Mapping Dual‐Base‐Enabled Nickel‐Catalyzed Aryl Amidations: Application in the Synthesis of 4‐Quinolones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mark Stradiotto
- Dalhousie University Department of Chemistry Studley Campus B3H 4J3 Halifax CANADA
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M. Chernyshev
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Novocherkassk, 346428, Russia
| | - Valentine P. Ananikov
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Novocherkassk, 346428, Russia
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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24
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Feng Z, Ma JA, Cheung CW. Ni-Catalysed intramolecular reductive aminocarbonylation of 2-haloaryl-tethered nitroarenes for the synthesis of dibenzazepine-based heterocycles. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00699e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A nickel-catalysed intramolecular reductive aminocarbonylation of 2-haloaryl-tethered nitroarenes is developed for rapid access to a variety of dibenzoazepinones and their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jun-An Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, P. R. China
| | - Chi Wai Cheung
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, P. R. China
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25
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Zurakowski JA, Austen BJH, Dufour MC, Spasyuk DM, Nelson DJ, Drover MW. Lewis Acid-Promoted Oxidative Addition at a [Ni 0 (diphosphine) 2 ] Complex: The Critical Role of a Secondary Coordination Sphere. Chemistry 2021; 27:16021-16027. [PMID: 34550623 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative addition represents a critical elementary step in myriad catalytic transformations. Here, the importance of thoughtful ligand design cannot be overstated. In this work, we report the intermolecular activation of iodobenzene (PhI) at a coordinatively saturated 18-electron [Ni0 (diphosphine)2 ] complex bearing a Lewis acidic secondary coordination sphere. Whereas alkyl-substituted diphosphine complexes of Group 10 are known to be unreactive in such reactions, we show that [Ni0 (P2 BCy 4 )2 ] (P2 BCy 4 =1,2-bis(di(3-dicyclohexylboraneyl)-propylphosphino)ethane) is competent for room-temperature PhI cleavage to give [NiII (P2 BCy 4 )(Ph)(I)]. This difference in oxidative addition reactivity has been scrutinized computationally - an outcome that is borne out in ring-opening to provide the reactive precursor - for [Ni0 (P2 BCy 4 )2 ], a "boron-trapped" 16-electron κ1 -diphosphine Ni(0) complex. Moreover, formation of [NiII (P2 BCy 4 )(Ph)(I)] is inherent to the P2 BCy 4 secondary coordination sphere: treatment of the Lewis adduct, [Ni0 (P2 BCy 4 )2 (DMAP)8 ] with PhI provides [NiII (P2 BCy 4 )2 (DMAP)8 (I)]I via iodine-atom abstraction and not a [NiII (Ph)(I)(diphosphine)] compound - an unusual secondary sphere effect. Finally, the reactivity of [Ni0 (P2 BCy 4 )2 ] with 4-iodopyridine was surveyed, which resulted in a pyridyl-borane linked oligomer. The implications of these outcomes are discussed in the context of designing strongly donating, and yet labile diphosphine ligands for use in a critical bond activation step relevant to catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Zurakowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Brady J H Austen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Maeve C Dufour
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Denis M Spasyuk
- Canadian Light Source Inc., 44 Innovation Blvd., Saskatoon, SK, S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - David J Nelson
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, Scotland
| | - Marcus W Drover
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
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26
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Zell D, Kingston C, Jermaks J, Smith SR, Seeger N, Wassmer J, Sirois LE, Han C, Zhang H, Sigman MS, Gosselin F. Stereoconvergent and -divergent Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Alkenes by Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:19078-19090. [PMID: 34735129 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report the development of a method to diastereoselectively access tetrasubstituted alkenes via nickel-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-couplings of enol tosylates and boronic acid esters. Either diastereomeric product was selectively accessed from a mixture of enol tosylate starting material diastereomers in a convergent reaction by judicious choice of the ligand and reaction conditions. A similar protocol also enabled a divergent synthesis of each product isomer from diastereomerically pure enol tosylates. Notably, high-throughput optimization of the monophosphine ligands was guided by chemical space analysis of the kraken library to ensure a diverse selection of ligands was examined. Stereoelectronic analysis of the results provided insight into the requirements for reactive and selective ligands in this transformation. The synthetic utility of the optimized catalytic system was then probed in the stereoselective synthesis of various tetrasubstituted alkenes, with yields up to 94% and diastereomeric ratios up to 99:1 Z/E and 93:7 E/Z observed. Moreover, a detailed computational analysis and experimental mechanistic studies provided key insights into the nature of the underlying isomerization process impacting selectivity in the cross-coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Zell
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Cian Kingston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Janis Jermaks
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Sleight R Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Natalie Seeger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Jana Wassmer
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Lauren E Sirois
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Chong Han
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Haiming Zhang
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Matthew S Sigman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Francis Gosselin
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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27
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Cooper AK, Greaves ME, Donohoe W, Burton PM, Ronson TO, Kennedy AR, Nelson DJ. Inhibition of (dppf)nickel-catalysed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions by α-halo-N-heterocycles. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14074-14082. [PMID: 34760191 PMCID: PMC8565371 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04582b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A nickel/dppf catalyst system was found to successfully achieve the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions of 3- and 4-chloropyridine and of 6-chloroquinoline but not of 2-chloropyridine or of other α-halo-N-heterocycles. Further investigations revealed that chloropyridines undergo rapid oxidative addition to [Ni(COD)(dppf)] but that α-halo-N-heterocycles lead to the formation of stable dimeric nickel species that are catalytically inactive in Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions. However, the corresponding Kumada-Tamao-Corriu reactions all proceed readily, which is attributed to more rapid transmetalation of Grignard reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alasdair K Cooper
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL Scotland UK
| | - Megan E Greaves
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL Scotland UK
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, Operations, AstraZeneca Macclesfield SK10 2NA UK
| | - William Donohoe
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL Scotland UK
| | - Paul M Burton
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre Bracknell Berkshire RG426EY UK
| | - Thomas O Ronson
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, Operations, AstraZeneca Macclesfield SK10 2NA UK
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL Scotland UK
| | - David J Nelson
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL Scotland UK
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28
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Ponce-de-León J, Espinet P. Selective synthesis of fluorinated biaryls by [MCl 2(PhPEWO-F)] (M = Ni, Pd) catalysed Negishi cross-coupling. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:10875-10878. [PMID: 34590665 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04915a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Highly selective cross-couplings to polyfluorinated assymmetric biaryls, including the symmetric biaryl C6F5-C6F5, are achieved at relatively low temperature (80 °C) and in short times using [MCl2(PhPEWO-F)] catalysts (M = Ni, Pd; PhPEWO-F = 1-(PPh2), 2-(CHCH-C(O)Ph)-C6F4), ArFI, and Zn(C6F5)2 as example of highly fluorinated nucleophile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Ponce-de-León
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47071 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Pablo Espinet
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47071 Valladolid, Spain.
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29
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Greaves ME, Ronson TO, Maseras F, Nelson DJ. The Effect of Added Ligands on the Reactions of [Ni(COD)(dppf)] with Alkyl Halides: Halide Abstraction May Be Reversible. Organometallics 2021; 40:1997-2007. [PMID: 34295014 PMCID: PMC8288641 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The reactions of
dppf-nickel(0) with alkyl halides proceed via
three-coordinate nickel(0) intermediates of the form [Ni(dppf)(L)].
The effects of the identity of the added ligand (L) on catalyst speciation
and the rates of reactions of [Ni(COD)(dppf)] with alkyl halides have
been investigated using kinetic experiments and density functional
theory calculations. A series of monodentate ligands have been investigated
in attempts to identify trends in reactivity. Sterically bulky and
electron-donating ligands are found to decrease the reaction rate.
It was found that (i) the halide abstraction step is not always irreversible
and the subsequent recombination of a nickel(I) complex with an alkyl
halide can have a significant effect on the overall rate of the reaction
and (ii) some ligands lead to very stable [Ni(dppf)(L)2] species. The yields of prototypical (dppf)nickel-catalyzed Kumada
cross-coupling reactions of alkyl halides are significantly improved
by the addition of free ligands, which provides another important
variable to consider when optimizing nickel-catalyzed reactions of
alkyl halides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Greaves
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland.,Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Thomas O Ronson
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Feliu Maseras
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - David J Nelson
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland
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