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Hirase H, Iida K, Hasegawa JY. Characterization of changes in the electronic structure of platinum sub-nanoclusters supported on graphene induced by oxygen adsorption. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:18530-18537. [PMID: 38869073 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00555d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
As the sizes of noble metal catalysts, such as platinum, have been successfully minimized, fundamental insights into the electronic properties of metal sub-nanoclusters are increasingly sought for optimizing their catalytic performance. However, it is difficult to rationalize the catalytic activities of metal sub-nanoclusters owing to their more complex electronic structure compared with those of small molecules and bulky solids. In this study, the adsorption of molecular oxygen on a Pt13 sub-nanocluster supported on a graphene layer was analyzed using density functional theory. Unlike bulk Pt, the Pt13 sub-nanocluster has multiple adsorption sites, and the adsorption energy depends strongly on the type of adsorption site. The O2 adsorption energy does not correlate with the transferred charge between O2 and the Pt13 moiety; therefore, to elucidate the differences in the adsorption sites, we propose an original approach for analyzing the electronic structure change in metal sub-nanoclusters caused by molecular adsorption. Our analysis of the integrated local density of state (LDOS) revealed that O2 adsorption on the Pt13 sub-nanocluster has a distinct feature, different from that on a smaller Pt2 cluster or rather a larger Pt slab. The change in the electronic structure of the Pt13 moiety was primarily observed near the Fermi level, different from that of the Pt slab whose DOS was distributed over a wide energy range. Furthermore, the change in the integrated LDOS correlated well with the O2 adsorption energy on the Pt13 sub-nanocluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hinoki Hirase
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N21 W10 Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0021 Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Kenji Iida
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N21 W10 Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0021 Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Jun-Ya Hasegawa
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N21 W10 Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0021 Hokkaido, Japan.
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
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Yokoyama T, Nakajima A. Bridging the gas and condensed phases for metal-atom encapsulating silicon- and germanium-cage superatoms: electrical properties of assembled superatoms. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:9738-9752. [PMID: 36947064 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00120b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
With the development of nanocluster (NC) synthesis methods in the gas phase, atomically precise NCs composed of a finite number of metal and semiconductor atoms have emerged. NCs are expected to be the smallest units for nanomaterials with various functions, such as catalysts, optoelectronic materials, and electromagnetic devices. The exploration of a stable NC called a magic number NC has revealed a couple of important factors, such as a highly symmetric geometric structure and an electronic shell closure, and a magic number behavior is often enhanced by mixing additional elements. A synergetic effect between geometric and electronic structures leads to the formation of chemically robust NC units called superatoms (SAs), which act as individual units assembled as thin films. The agglomeration of non-ligated bare SAs is desirable in fabricating the assembled SAs associated with intrinsic SA nature. The recent development of an intensive pulsed magnetron sputtering method opens up the scalable synthesis of SAs in the gas phase, enabling the fabrication of SA assembly coupled with the non-destructive deposition of a soft-landing technique. This perspective describes our recent progress in the investigation of the formation of binary cage SA (BCSA) assembled thin films composed of metal-atom encapsulating silicon-cage SAs (M@Si16) and germanium-cage SAs (M@Ge16), with a focus on their electrical properties associated with a conduction mechanism toward the development of new functional nanoscale materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaho Yokoyama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
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Exploring the Potential Energy Surface of Pt 6 Sub-Nano Clusters Deposited over Graphene. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010870. [PMID: 36614312 PMCID: PMC9820941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Catalytic systems based on sub-nanoclusters deposited over different supports are promising for very relevant chemical transformations such as many electrocatalytic processes as the ORR. These systems have been demonstrated to be very fluxional, as they are able to change shape and interconvert between each other either alone or in the presence of adsorbates. In addition, an accurate representation of their catalytic activity requires the consideration of ensemble effects and not a single structure alone. In this sense, a reliable theoretical methodology should assure an accurate and extensive exploration of the potential energy surface to include all the relevant structures and with correct relative energies. In this context, we applied DFT in conjunction with global optimization techniques to obtain and analyze the characteristics of the many local minima of Pt6 sub-nanoclusters over a carbon-based support (graphene)-a system with electrocatalytic relevance. We also analyzed the magnetism and the charge transfer between the clusters and the support and paid special attention to the dependence of dispersion effects on the ensemble characteristics. We found that the ensembles computed with and without dispersion corrections are qualitatively similar, especially for the lowest-in-energy clusters, which we attribute to a (mainly) covalent binding to the surface. However, there are some significant variations in the relative stability of some clusters, which would significantly affect their population in the ensemble composition.
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Munarriz J, Zhang Z, Sautet P, Alexandrova AN. Graphite-Supported Pt n Cluster Electrocatalysts: Major Change of Active Sites as a Function of the Applied Potential. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julen Munarriz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería no. 8, Campus Universitario de El Cristo, Oviedo, 33006 Spain
| | - Zisheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Philippe Sautet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
- California NanoSystem Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 5531 Boelter Hall, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Anastassia N. Alexandrova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
- California NanoSystem Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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Rana R, Vila FD, Kulkarni AR, Bare SR. Bridging the Gap between the X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and the Computational Catalysis Communities in Heterogeneous Catalysis: A Perspective on the Current and Future Research Directions. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachita Rana
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California95616, United States
| | - Fernando D. Vila
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington98195, United States
| | - Ambarish R. Kulkarni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California95616, United States
| | - Simon R. Bare
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California94025, United States
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Zhang Z, Zandkarimi B, Munarriz J, Dickerson CE, Alexandrova AN. Fluxionality of Subnano Clusters Reshapes the Activity Volcano of Electrocatalysis. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zisheng Zhang
- University of California Los Angeles Chemistry and Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Borna Zandkarimi
- University of California Los Angeles Chemistry and Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Julen Munarriz
- University of California Los Angeles Chemistry and Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Claire E. Dickerson
- University of California Los Angeles Chemistry and Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Anastassia N. Alexandrova
- University of California Los Angeles Chemistry and Biochemistry 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Box 951 90095-1569 Los Angeles UNITED STATES
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