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A Second-Generation Palladacycle Architecture Bearing a N-Heterocyclic Carbene and Its Catalytic Behavior in Buchwald–Hartwig Amination Catalysis. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13030559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Palladacyclic architectures have been shown as versatile motifs in cross-coupling reactions. NHC-ligated palladacycles possessing unique electronic and steric properties have helped to stabilize the catalytically active species and provide additional control over reaction selectivity. Here, we report on a synthetic protocol leading to palladacycle complexes using a mild base and an environmentally desirable solvent, with a focus on complexes bearing backbone-substituted N-heterocyclic carbene ligands. The readily accessible complexes exhibit high catalytic activity in the Buchwald–Hartwig amination. This is achieved using low catalyst loading and mild reaction conditions in a green solvent.
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2
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Shahid N, Singh RK, Srivastava N, Singh AK. Base-free synthesis of benchtop stable Ru(III)-NHC complexes from RuCl 3·3H 2O and their use as precursors for Ru(II)-NHC complexes. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:4176-4185. [PMID: 36892246 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00243h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
A series of Ru(III)-NHC complexes, identified as [RuIII(PyNHCR)(Cl)3(H2O)] (1a-c), have been prepared, starting from RuCl3·3H2O following a base-free route. The Lewis acidic Ru(III) centre operates via a halide-assisted, electrophilic C-H activation for carbene generation. The best results were obtained with azolium salts having the I- anion, while ligand precursors with Cl-, BF4-, and PF6- gave no complex formation and those with Br- gave a product with mixed halides. The structurally simple, air and moisture-stable complexes represent rare examples of paramagnetic Ru(III)-NHC complexes. Furthermore, these benchtop stable Ru(III)-NHC complexes were shown to be excellent metal precursors for the synthesis of new [RuII(PyNHCR)(Cl)2(PPh3)2] (2a-c) and [RuII(PyNHCR)(CNCMe)I]PF6 (3a-c) complexes. All the complexes have been characterised using spectroscopic methods, and the structures of 1a, 1b, 2c, and 3a have been determined using the single-crystal X-ray diffraction technique. This work allows easy access to new Ru-NHC complexes for the study of new properties and novel applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Shahid
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore 453552, India.
| | - Rahul Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore 453552, India.
| | - Navdeep Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore 453552, India.
| | - Amrendra K Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore 453552, India.
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3
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Ma X, Mane MV, Cavallo L, Nolan SP. Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Regioselective 1,2‐Hydrosilylation of N‐Heteroarenes. European J Org Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202201466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281, S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Manoj V. Mane
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences Jain (Deemed-to-be University) Jain Global Campus Kanakapura, Bangalore Karnataka 562112 India
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Steven P. Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281, S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
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4
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Maliszewski BP, Ritacco I, Beliš M, Hashim II, Tzouras NV, Caporaso L, Cavallo L, Van Hecke K, Nahra F, Cazin CSJ, Nolan SP. A green route to platinum N-heterocyclic carbene complexes: mechanism and expanded scope. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:6204-6211. [PMID: 35357386 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00504b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A sustainable and facile weak-base synthetic route to platinum N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes is disclosed. The mechanism of this reaction is also elucidated via experimental and computational investigations. This straightforward protocol is then used for the synthesis of novel Pt(II)-NHC complexes and its utility is further explored to access key Pt(0)-NHC precatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benon P Maliszewski
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium. .,VITO (Flemish Institute for Technological Research), Separation and Conversion Technology, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Ida Ritacco
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Univeristy of Salerno, Via Papa Paolo Giovanni II, Fisciano, I-84084, Italy
| | - Marek Beliš
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Ishfaq Ibni Hashim
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Nikolaos V Tzouras
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Lucia Caporaso
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Univeristy of Salerno, Via Papa Paolo Giovanni II, Fisciano, I-84084, Italy
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Fady Nahra
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium. .,VITO (Flemish Institute for Technological Research), Separation and Conversion Technology, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Catherine S J Cazin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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5
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Illam PM, Rit A. Electronically tuneable orthometalated RuII–NHC complexes as efficient catalysts for C–C and C–N bond formations via borrowing hydrogen strategy. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy01767e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of simple and electronically tuneable cyclometalated RuII–NHC complexes have been explored as efficient catalysts for various C–C/N bond forming reactions via a BH methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arnab Rit
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, India
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6
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Liu Y, Scattolin T, Gobbo A, Beliš M, Van Hecke K, Nolan SP, Cazin CSJ. A Simple Synthetic Route to Well‐Defined [Pd(NHC)Cl(1‐
t
Bu‐indenyl)] Pre‐catalysts for Cross‐Coupling Reactions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaxu Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281, S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Thomas Scattolin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281, S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Alberto Gobbo
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281, S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Marek Beliš
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281, S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281, S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Steven P. Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281, S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Catherine S. J. Cazin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281, S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
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7
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Ma X, Guillet SG, Liu Y, Cazin CSJ, Nolan SP. Simple synthesis of [Ru(CO 3)(NHC)( p-cymene)] complexes and their use in transfer hydrogenation catalysis. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:13012-13019. [PMID: 34581364 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02098f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A novel, efficient and facile protocol for the synthesis of a series of [Ru(NHC)(CO3)(p-cymene)] complexes is reported. This family of Ru-NHC complexes was obtained from imidazol(in)ium tetrafluoroborate or imidazolium hydrogen carbonate salts in moderate to excellent yields, employing sustainable weak base. The ruthenium complexes were successfully utilized in the transfer hydrogenation of ketones as highly active multifunctional catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Sébastien G Guillet
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Yaxu Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Catherine S J Cazin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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8
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Voloshkin VA, Tzouras NV, Nolan SP. Recent advances in the synthesis and derivatization of N-heterocyclic carbene metal complexes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:12058-12068. [PMID: 34519733 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01847g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) metal complexes have gained an incredible amount of attention in the course of the last two decades and have become indispensable as an intricate part of a plethora of applications. The areas of their synthesis and derivatization are constantly evolving and bring new, more sustainable, cost-effective and simpler approaches to the design of existing and next generation catalysts and materials. This article provides an overview of the latest developments, focusing on those which have appeared during the last two years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav A Voloshkin
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S-3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Nikolaos V Tzouras
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S-3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S-3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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9
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Martynova EA, Tzouras NV, Pisanò G, Cazin CSJ, Nolan SP. The “weak base route” leading to transition metal–N-heterocyclic carbene complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:3836-3856. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc08149c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are nowadays ubiquitous in organometallic chemistry and catalysis. A simple synthetic route to these is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A. Martynova
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry
- Ghent University
- 9000 Gent
- Belgium
| | - Nikolaos V. Tzouras
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry
- Ghent University
- 9000 Gent
- Belgium
| | - Gianmarco Pisanò
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry
- Ghent University
- 9000 Gent
- Belgium
| | - Catherine S. J. Cazin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry
- Ghent University
- 9000 Gent
- Belgium
| | - Steven P. Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry
- Ghent University
- 9000 Gent
- Belgium
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