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Braun J, Seufert D, Anson CE, Tang J, Powell AK. An Effectively Uncoupled Gd 8 Cluster Formed through Fixation of Atmospheric CO 2 Showing Excellent Magnetocaloric Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:264. [PMID: 38203439 PMCID: PMC10779177 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The [Gd8(opch)8(CO3)4(H2O)8]·4H2O·10MeCN coordination cluster (1) crystallises in P1¯. The Gd8 core is held together by four bridging carbonates derived from atmospheric CO2 as well as the carboxyhydrazonyl oxygens of the 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidenepyrazine-2-carbohydrazide (H2opch) Schiff base ligands. The magnetic measurements show that the GdIII ions are effectively uncoupled as seen from the low Weiss constant of 0.05 K needed to fit the inverse susceptibility to the Curie-Weiss law. Furthermore, the magnetisation data are consistent with the Brillouin function for eight independent GdIII ions. These features lead to a magnetocaloric effect with a high efficiency which is 89% of the theoretical maximum value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Braun
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (AOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstr. 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (J.B.); (D.S.); (C.E.A.)
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstr. 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies (IQMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstr. 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Daniel Seufert
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (AOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstr. 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (J.B.); (D.S.); (C.E.A.)
| | - Christopher E. Anson
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (AOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstr. 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (J.B.); (D.S.); (C.E.A.)
| | - Jinkui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, China;
| | - Annie K. Powell
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (AOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstr. 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (J.B.); (D.S.); (C.E.A.)
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstr. 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies (IQMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstr. 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Wang Q, Yu YT, Wang JL, Li JN, Li NF, Fan X, Xu Y. Two Windmill-Shaped Ln 18 Nanoclusters Exhibiting High Magnetocaloric Effect and Luminescence. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:3162-3169. [PMID: 36734987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of the high-nuclearity Ln-exclusive nanoclusters is challenging but of significance due to its aesthetically pleasing architectures and far-reaching latent applications in magnetic cooling technologies. Herein, two novel high-nuclearity lanthanide nanoclusters were successfully synthesized under solvothermal conditions, formulated as {[Gd18(IN)20(HCOO)8(μ6-O)(μ3-OH)24(H2O)4]·4H2O}n and {[Eu18(IN)16(HCOO)8(CH3COO)4(μ6-O)(μ3-OH)24(H2O)4]·5H2O}n (abbreviated as Gd18 and Eu18, HIN = isonicotinic acid). Both of them possess novel and exquisite windmill-shaped cationic cores in the family of high-nuclearity Ln-exclusive nanoclusters. Remarkably, the adjacent second building units are interconnected into a three-dimensional (3D) metal-organic framework by IN- ligands. As expected, the abundant existence of GdIII ions endows Gd18 with a favorable magnetic entropy change at 2.0 K for ΔH = 7.0 T (-ΔSmmax = 40.0 J kg-1 K-1), and Eu18 displays the typical luminescence of EuIII ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Ting Yu
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Lei Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Nian Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Ning-Fang Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Xinrong Fan
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.,Coordination Chemistry Institute, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
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Luo XM, Li YK, Dong XY, Zang SQ. Platonic and Archimedean solids in discrete metal-containing clusters. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:383-444. [PMID: 36533405 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00582d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Metal-containing clusters have attracted increasing attention over the past 2-3 decades. This intense interest can be attributed to the fact that these discrete metal aggregates, whose atomically precise structures are resolved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD), often possess intriguing geometrical features (high symmetry, aesthetically pleasing shapes and architectures) and fascinating physical properties, providing invaluable opportunities for the intersection of different disciplines including chemistry, physics, mathematical geometry and materials science. In this review, we attempt to reinterpret and connect these fascinating clusters from the perspective of Platonic and Archimedean solid characteristics, focusing on highly symmetrical and complex metal-containing (metal = Al, Ti, V, Mo, W, U, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, lanthanoids (Ln), and actinoids) high-nuclearity clusters, including metal-oxo/hydroxide/chalcogenide clusters and metal clusters (with metal-metal binding) protected by surface organic ligands, such as thiolate, phosphine, alkynyl, carbonyl and nitrogen/oxygen donor ligands. Furthermore, we present the symmetrical beauty of metal cluster structures and the geometrical similarity of different types of clusters and provide a large number of examples to show how to accurately describe the metal clusters from the perspective of highly symmetrical polyhedra. Finally, knowledge and further insights into the design and synthesis of unknown metal clusters are put forward by summarizing these "star" molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Ming Luo
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Ya-Ke Li
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Xi-Yan Dong
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China. .,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Shuang-Quan Zang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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Wang M, Sun C, Gao Y, Xue H, Huang L, Xie Y, Wang J, Peng Y, Tang Y. Three Gd-based magnetic refrigerant materials with high magnetic entropy: From di-nuclearity to hexa-nuclearity to octa-nuclearity. Front Chem 2022; 10:963203. [PMID: 36247677 PMCID: PMC9559567 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.963203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetocaloric effect (MCE) is one of the most promising features of molecular-based magnetic materials. We reported three Gd-based magnetic refrigerant materials, namely, Gd2(L)(NO3)(H2O)‧CH3CN‧H2O (1, H2L = (Z)-N-[(1E)-(2-hydroxy-3-methphenyl)methylidene]pyrazine-2-carbohydrazonic acid), {Gd6(L)6(CO3)2(CH3OH)2(H2O)3Cl}Cl‧4CH3CN (2), and Gd8(L)8(CO3)4(H2O)8‧2H2O (3). Complex 1 contains two GdIII ions linked by two η2:η1:η1:η1:μ2-L2- ligands, which are seven-coordinated in a capped trigonal prism, and complex 2 possesses six GdIII ions, contributing to a triangular prism configuration. For complex 3, eight GdIII ions form a distorted cube arrangement. Moreover, the large values of magnetic entropy in the three complexes prove to be excellent candidates as cryogenic magnetic coolants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chengyuan Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yujia Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hong Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ling Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yutian Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Jin Wang, ; Yuanyuan Peng, ; Yanfeng Tang,
| | - Yuanyuan Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Jin Wang, ; Yuanyuan Peng, ; Yanfeng Tang,
| | - Yanfeng Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Jin Wang, ; Yuanyuan Peng, ; Yanfeng Tang,
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Konieczny P, Sas W, Czernia D, Pacanowska A, Fitta M, Pełka R. Magnetic cooling: a molecular perspective. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:12762-12780. [PMID: 35900061 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01565j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The magnetocaloriceffect is considered as an energy-efficient and environmentally friendly technique which can take cooling technology to the next level. Apart from its commercial application at room temperature, magnetic refrigeration is an up-and-coming solution for the cryogenic regime, especially as an alternative to He3 systems. Molecular magnets reveal advantageous features for ultra-low cooling which are competitive with intermetallic and lanthanide alloys. Here, we present a guide to the current status of magnetocaloric effect research of molecular magnets with a theoretical background focused on the inverse magnetocaloric effect and an overview of recent results and developments, including the rotating magnetocaloric effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Konieczny
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Sas
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Dominik Czernia
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland.
| | | | - Magdalena Fitta
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Robert Pełka
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland.
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Che Z, Chen J, Wang T, Yan H, Zhou TD, Guo R, Sun W. Wheel-like Gd42 Polynuclear Complex with Significant Magnetocaloric Effect. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00315e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two novel wheel-like lanthanide nanoclusters with 42 nuclearity [Ln42L14(OH)28(OAc)84] (abbreviated as Ln42, 1-Gd; 2-Dy, HL=3-methoxysalicylaldehyde O-vanillin) were structurally and magnetically characterized. The Ln42 species were constructed by O-vanillin and lanthanide...
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Magneto-thermal and magnetization relaxation dynamics of a family of di-nuclear lanthanide complexes. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Li YL, Wang HL, Zhu ZH, Li J, Zou HH, Liang FP. A Series of High-Nuclear Gadolinium Cluster Aggregates with a Magnetocaloric Effect Constructed through Two-Component Manipulation. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:16794-16802. [PMID: 34668696 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The serialized expansion of high-nuclear clusters usually includes the controlled variable method and changes only a single variable. However, changing both variables will greatly increase the complexity of the reaction simultaneously. Therefore, the use of a two-component regulation reaction is rare. Herein, we used a diacylhydrazone ligand (H4L1) with multidentate chelating coordination sites for the reaction with Gd(NO3)3·6H2O under solvothermal conditions to obtain an example of 16-nucleus disc-shaped cluster 1 with a brucite structure. The overall structure of cluster 1 can be regarded as an equilateral triangle, which is formed by three (L1)4- ions that can be regarded as "sides" and wrap the four-layer metal center Gd(III) ions. Notably, upon simultaneous regulation of the substituent of the ligand and the coordination anion, heptanuclear gadolinium cluster 2 was obtained. Cluster 2 can be regarded as a butterfly structure, which was formed by connecting two Gd3L2 molecules that were not in the same plane and through the central Gd(III) ion as an intersection. Moreover, hexanuclear gadolinium cluster 3 was obtained by changing the ligand substituent and adding an auxiliary ligand. Cluster 3 can be regarded as a chair structure, which was composed of two molecules of diacylhydrazone ligand (L2)4- wrapping vacant cubane shared by four vertices. This study was the first to construct a series of high-nuclear gadolinium clusters through two-component regulation manipulation. The study of the magnetocaloric effect showed that the maximum values of -ΔSm for clusters 1-3 were 34.05, 29.04, and 24.32 J kg-1 K-1, respectively, when T = 2 K and ΔH = 7 T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Lan Li
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Ling Wang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Hong Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Juan Li
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Hua-Hong Zou
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Pei Liang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
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