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Steinke F, Hernandéz LG, Shearan SJI, Pohlmann M, Taddei M, Kolb U, Stock N. Synthesis and Structure Evolution in Metal Carbazole Diphosphonates Followed by Electron Diffraction. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:35-42. [PMID: 36346925 PMCID: PMC10170509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To access porous metal phosphonates, a new V-shaped, rigid, and sterically demanding diphosphonic acid, namely 3,6-diphosphono-9H-carbazole (H4L), was designed and employed in a high-throughput investigation. Screening of different metal salts and subsequent optimization studies resulted in the isolation of two porous metal phosphonates [Cu2(H2O)2(L)]·2H2O (CAU-37) and [Zn6.75(H2O)1.5(HL)2.5(L)1.5]·8H2O (CAU-57). Structure determination was accomplished by electron diffraction and the dehydration behavior of CAU-37 was followed in situ. A rare case of intralayer water de-/adsorption in CAU-37 was found which leads to a cell volume change of 11.9%. Rod-shaped inorganic building units (IBUs) are connected to layers and structural flexibility is due to "accordion-like" structural changes within the layers. In contrast, in CAU-57 a layered IBU is found, which usually results in the formation of dense structures. Due to the shape and rigidity of the linker, the interconnection of the IBUs results in the formation of pores. Water sorption measurements in combination with powder X-ray diffraction data confirmed the reversibility under structural retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Steinke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Laura Gemmrich Hernandéz
- Centre for High Resolution Electron Microscopy (EMC-M), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephen J I Shearan
- Energy Safety Research Institute, Swansea University, Fabian Way, Swansea SA1 8EN, U.K
| | - Maxi Pohlmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Marco Taddei
- Energy Safety Research Institute, Swansea University, Fabian Way, Swansea SA1 8EN, U.K.,Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ute Kolb
- Centre for High Resolution Electron Microscopy (EMC-M), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Stock
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany.,Kiel Nano, Surface and Interface Science KiNSIS, Kiel University, Christian-Albrechts-Platz 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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Ondrušová S, Kloda M, Rohlíček J, Taddei M, Zaręba JK, Demel J. Exploring the Isoreticular Continuum between Phosphonate- and Phosphinate-Based Metal–Organic Frameworks. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:18990-18997. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soňa Ondrušová
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 250 68 Řež, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science Charles University, 128 00 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Matouš Kloda
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 250 68 Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Rohlíček
- Department of Structure Analysis, Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 18221, Czech Republic
| | - Marco Taddei
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi, 13, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Jan K. Zaręba
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże, Wyspiańskiego 27, Wrocław 50-370, Poland
| | - Jan Demel
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 250 68 Řež, Czech Republic
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Steinke F, Otto T, Ito S, Wöhlbrandt S, Stock N. Isostructural Family of Rare‐Earth MOFs Synthesized from 1,1,2,2‐Tetrakis(4‐phosphonophenyl)ethylene. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Steinke
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel Max-Eyth-Str. 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Tobias Otto
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel Max-Eyth-Str. 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Sho Ito
- Rigaku Corporation 3-9-12 Matsubara-cho, Akishima Tokyo 196-8666 Japan
| | - Stephan Wöhlbrandt
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel Max-Eyth-Str. 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Norbert Stock
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel Max-Eyth-Str. 2 24118 Kiel Germany
- Kiel Nano, Surface and Interface Science KiNSIS Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel Christian-Albrechts-Platz 4 24118 Kiel Germany
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Rautenberg M, Bhattacharya B, Das C, Emmerling F. Mechanochemical Synthesis of Phosphonate-Based Proton Conducting Metal-Organic Frameworks. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:10801-10809. [PMID: 35776665 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Water-stable metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with proton-conducting behavior have attracted great attention as promising materials for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells. Herein, we report the mechanochemical gram-scale synthesis of three new mixed-ligand phosphonate-based MOFs, {Co(H2PhDPA)(4,4'-bipy)(H2O)·2H2O}n (BAM-1), {Fe(H2PhDPA)(4,4'-bipy) (H2O)·2H2O}n (BAM-2), and {Cu(H2PhDPA)(dpe)2(H2O)2·2H2O}n (BAM-3) [where H2PhDPA = phenylene diphosphonate, 4,4'-bipy = 4,4'-bipyridine, and dpe = 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethylene]. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction measurements revealed that BAM-1 and BAM-2 are isostructural and possess a three-dimensional (3D) network structure comprising one-dimensional (1D) channels filled with guest water molecules. Instead, BAM-3 displays a 1D network structure extended into a 3D supramolecular structure through hydrogen-bonding and π-π interactions. In all three structures, guest water molecules are interconnected with the uncoordinated acidic hydroxyl groups of the phosphonate moieties and coordinated water molecules by means of extended hydrogen-bonding interactions. BAM-1 and BAM-2 showed a gradual increase in proton conductivity with increasing temperature and reached 4.9 × 10-5 and 4.4 × 10-5 S cm-1 at 90 °C and 98% relative humidity (RH). The highest proton conductivity recorded for BAM-3 was 1.4 × 10-5 S cm-1 at 50 °C and 98% RH. Upon further heating, BAM-3 undergoes dehydration followed by a phase transition to another crystalline form which largely affects its performance. All compounds exhibited a proton hopping (Grotthuss model) mechanism, as suggested by their low activation energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Rautenberg
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, Berlin 12489, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Biswajit Bhattacharya
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Chayanika Das
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Franziska Emmerling
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, Berlin 12489, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, Berlin 12489, Germany
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Synthesis and properties of a new vanadium benzene‐1,3‐diphosphonate. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202200167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Demakov PA, Fedin VP. Layered trans-1,4-Cyclohexanedicarboxylates of Divalent Metals: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Thermal Properties. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070328422050049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Javed A, Steinke F, Wöhlbrandt S, Bunzen H, Stock N, Tiemann M. The role of sulfonate groups and hydrogen bonding in the proton conductivity of two coordination networks. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 13:437-443. [PMID: 35601537 PMCID: PMC9086504 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.13.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The proton conductivity of two coordination networks, [Mg(H2O)2(H3L)]·H2O and [Pb2(HL)]·H2O (H5L = (H2O3PCH2)2-NCH2-C6H4-SO3H), is investigated by AC impedance spectroscopy. Both materials contain the same phosphonato-sulfonate linker molecule, but have clearly different crystal structures, which has a strong effect on proton conductivity. In the Mg-based coordination network, dangling sulfonate groups are part of an extended hydrogen bonding network, facilitating a "proton hopping" with low activation energy; the material shows a moderate proton conductivity. In the Pb-based metal-organic framework, in contrast, no extended hydrogen bonding occurs, as the sulfonate groups coordinate to Pb2+, without forming hydrogen bonds; the proton conductivity is much lower in this material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Javed
- Department of Chemistry, Paderborn University, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Felix Steinke
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Christian-Albrecht University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stephan Wöhlbrandt
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Christian-Albrecht University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hana Bunzen
- Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Stock
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Christian-Albrecht University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Tiemann
- Department of Chemistry, Paderborn University, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
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