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Silva IDA, Bartalucci E, Bolm C, Wiegand T. Opportunities and Challenges in Applying Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy in Organic Mechanochemistry. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2304092. [PMID: 37407000 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years it is shown that mechanochemical strategies can be beneficial in directed conversions of organic compounds. Finding new reactions proved difficult, and due to the lack of mechanistic understanding of mechanochemical reaction events, respective efforts have mostly remained empirical. Spectroscopic techniques are crucial in shedding light on these questions. In this overview, the opportunities and challenges of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in the field of organic mechanochemistry are discussed. After a brief discussion of the basics of high-resolution solid-state NMR under magic-angle spinning (MAS) conditions, seven opportunities for solid-state NMR in the field of organic mechanochemistry are presented, ranging from ex situ approaches to structurally elucidated reaction products obtained by milling to the potential and limitations of in situ solid-state NMR approaches. Particular strengths of solid-state NMR, for instance in differentiating polymorphs, in NMR-crystallographic structure-determination protocols, or in detecting weak noncovalent interactions in molecular-recognition events employing proton-detected solid-state NMR experiments at fast MAS frequencies, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ettore Bartalucci
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Wiegand
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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Konovalov AV, Churusova SG, Aleksanyan DV, Rybalkina EY, Aksenova SA, Peregudov AS, Klemenkova ZS, Kozlov VA. (Aminoalkyl)diphenylphosphine sulfides: synthesis and application as building blocks in the design of multidentate ligands for cytotoxic Pd(II) complexes. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8379-8392. [PMID: 37818804 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01309j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Amino-functionalized phosphoryl compounds are among the most useful molecular scaffolds in medicinal chemistry, while the potential of their thiophosphorylated analogs, especially those having an alkylamino moiety, is still uncovered. This is mainly due to the lack of convenient synthetic routes to these organophosphorus derivatives. To address this issue, we have suggested the facile approaches to α-(aminomethyl)- and substituted/unsubstituted α-(aminobenzyl)diphenylphosphine sulfides based on either the sequential transformations of (hydroxymethyl)diphenylphosphine sulfide, with the Staudinger reaction of an azide derivative as the key stage, or the addition of Ph2P(S)H to hydrobenzamides followed by the acid hydrolysis. The compounds obtained were reacted with picolinyl chloride to yield functionalized amides which readily underwent direct cyclopalladation, resulting in new representatives of non-classical N-metalated Pd(II) pincer complexes. The latter exhibit promising cytotoxic activity against several human cancer cell lines and apoptosis inducing ability along with the remarkable cytotoxic effects on doxorubicin-resistant cell sublines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr V Konovalov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 28, str. 1, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
- Russian University of Chemical Technology, Miusskaya pl. 9, Moscow, 125047, Russia
| | - Svetlana G Churusova
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 28, str. 1, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
| | - Diana V Aleksanyan
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 28, str. 1, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
- Scientific Laboratory "Advanced Composite Materials and Technologies", Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Stremyannyi per. 36, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Yu Rybalkina
- N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kashirskoe shosse 23, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - Svetlana A Aksenova
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 28, str. 1, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Institutskiy per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141700, Russia
| | - Alexander S Peregudov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 28, str. 1, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
| | - Zinaida S Klemenkova
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 28, str. 1, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
| | - Vladimir A Kozlov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 28, str. 1, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
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Aleksanyan DV, Konovalov AV, Churusova SG, Rybalkina EY, Peregudov AS, Aksenova SA, Gutsul EI, Klemenkova ZS, Kozlov VA. Modulation of the Cytotoxic Properties of Pd(II) Complexes Based on Functionalized Carboxamides Featuring Labile Phosphoryl Coordination Sites. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041088. [PMID: 37111574 PMCID: PMC10146186 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based drugs are commonly recognized as a keystone in modern cancer chemotherapy. However, intrinsic and acquired resistance as well as serious side effects often caused by the traditional Pt(II) anticancer agents prompt a continuous search for more selective and efficient alternatives. Today, significant attention is paid to the compounds of other transition metals, in particular those of palladium. Recently, our research group has suggested functionalized carboxamides as a useful platform for the creation of cytotoxic Pd(II) pincer complexes. In this work, a robust picolinyl- or quinoline-carboxamide core was combined with a phosphoryl ancillary donor group to achieve hemilabile coordination capable of providing the required level of thermodynamic stability and kinetic lability of the ensuing Pd(II) complexes. Several cyclopalladated derivatives featuring either a bi- or tridentate pincer-type coordination mode of the deprotonated phosphoryl-functionalized amides were selectively synthesized and fully characterized using IR and NMR spectroscopy as well as X-ray crystallography. The preliminary evaluation of the anticancer potential of the resulting palladocycles revealed a strong dependence of their cytotoxic properties on the binding mode of the deprotonated amide ligands and demonstrated certain advantages of the pincer-type ligation.
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Aleksanyan DV, Churusova SG, Dubasova EV, Ananyev IV, Artyushin OI, Peregudov AS, Klemenkova ZS, Denisov GL, Kozlov VA. Experimental and computational insights into the direct cyclopalladation of different unsymmetrical, yet closely related pincer ligands with thione sulfur donors. Polyhedron 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2023.116303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Siddhartha, Rangarajan S, Kunchur HS, Balakrishna MS. A greener approach towards the synthesis of N-heterocyclic thiones and selones using the mechanochemical technique. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:15750-15761. [PMID: 36178103 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02322a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript describes the synthesis of N-heterocyclic thiones and selones of a variety of imidazolium salts involving an eco-friendly and solventless ball-milling technique. The products have been isolated in almost quantitative yield, involving a minimum quantity of solvents only for the isolation of products by column chromatography, and in some cases for purification purposes. Both mono- and bisimidazolium salts afforded N-heterocyclic thiones and selones. The methodology is found to be superior in terms of reaction time, yield and energy efficiency as compared to conventional solution-state reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha
- Phosphorus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Shalini Rangarajan
- Phosphorus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Harish S Kunchur
- Phosphorus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Maravanji S Balakrishna
- Phosphorus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
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Luminescent Zn Halide Complexes with 2-(2-Aminophenyl)benzothiazole Derivatives. INORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics10090138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a comparative study of coordination behaviour of 2-(2-aminophenyl)benzothiazole (NH2-pbt) and its phosphorus-containing derivative, α-aminophosphine oxide (PCNH-pbt), towards zinc halides. The corresponding coordination compounds [Zn(L)2Hal2] (L = PCNH-pbt, Hal = Cl, 1 and Hal = Br, 2) and [Zn(L’)Hal2] (L’ = NH2-pbt, Hal = Cl, 3 and Hal = Br, 4) were obtained as single phases. As evidenced by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, L’ ligand coordinates to Zn in a chelate manner via two N atoms. Despite a similar coordination mode in complexes 3 and 4, the spatial geometry of the ligand differs notably, which implies a relatively high flexibility of NH2-pbt. The L ligand exhibits another coordination mode, binding with Zn only via the oxygen of the P=O group. The differences in the structures of NH2-pbt, 3 and 4, and their counterparts, PCNH-pbt, 1 and 2, induce differences in their solid-state photoluminescence properties. The former group of the compounds exhibits conventional single-band emission, while the latter group reveals two bands. The minor band at 450 nm is ascribed to a radiative transition for the regular amine species, while the major band at 520–550 nm can be associated either with the proton-transferred imine species (ESIPT mechanism) or with a charge transfer state (TICT) with a different geometry.
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Churusova SG, Aleksanyan DV, Rybalkina EY, Gutsul EI, Peregudov AS, Klemenkova ZS, Nelyubina YV, Buyanovskaya AG, Kozlov VA. Pincer–dipeptide and pseudodipeptide conjugates: Synthesis and bioactivity studies. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 235:111908. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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