1
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Stroek W, Albrecht M. Application of first-row transition metal complexes bearing 1,2,3-triazolylidene ligands in catalysis and beyond. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:6322-6344. [PMID: 38726664 PMCID: PMC11181992 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00021h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Triazole-derived N-heterocyclic carbenes, triazolylidenes (trz) have become an interesting alternative to the ubiquitous Arduengo-type imidazole-derived carbenes, in part because they are stronger donors, and in other parts due to their versatile synthesis through different types of click reactions. While the use of trz ligands has initially focused on their coordination to precious metals for catalytic applications, the recent past has seen a growing interest in their impact on first-row transition metals. Coordination of trz ligands to such 3d metals is more challenging due to the orbital mismatch between the carbene and the 3d metal center, which also affects the stability of such complexes. Here we summarize the strategies that have been employed so far to overcome these challenges and to prepare first-row transition metal complexes containing at least one trz ligand. Both properties and reactivities of these trz complexes are comprehensively compiled, with a focus on photophysical properties and, in particular, on the application of these complexes in homogeneous catalysis. The diversity of catalytic transformations entailed with these trz 3d metal complexes as well as the record-high performance in some of the reactions underpins the benefits imparted by trz ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wowa Stroek
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Martin Albrecht
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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2
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Pavun A, Niess R, Scheibel LA, Seidl M, Hohloch S. A mesoionic carbene stabilized nickel(II) hydroxide complex: a facile precursor for C-H activation chemistry. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:2749-2761. [PMID: 38226674 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03746k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of a new nickel(II) hydroxide complex 2 supported by a rigid, tridentate triazolylidene-carbazolid ligand. The complex can be accessed in high yields following a simple and stepwise extraction protocol using dichloromethane and aqueous ammonium chloride followed by aqeous sodium hydroxide solution. We found that complex 2 is highly basic, undergoing various deprotonation/desilylation reactions with E-H and C-H acidic and silylated compounds. In this context we synthesized a variety of novel, functionalized nickel(II) complexes with trimethylsilylolate (3), trityl sulfide (4), tosyl amide (5), azido (6), pyridine (7), acetylide (8, 9), fluoroarene (10 & 11) and enolate (12) ligands. We furthermore found that 2 reacts with malonic acid dimethyl ester in a knoevennagel-type condensation reaction, giving access to a new enolate ligand in complex 13, consisting of two malonic acid units. Furthermore, complex 2 reacts with acetonitrile to form the cyanido complex 14. The formation of complexes 13 and 14 is particularly interesting, as they underline the potential of complex 2 in both C-C bond formation and cleavage reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pavun
- Universität Innsbruck, Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Raffael Niess
- Universität Innsbruck, Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Lucas A Scheibel
- Universität Innsbruck, Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Michael Seidl
- Universität Innsbruck, Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Stephan Hohloch
- Universität Innsbruck, Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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3
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Muthuramalingam S, Velusamy M, Singh Rajput S, Alam M, Mayilmurugan R. Nickel(II) Complexes of Tripodal Ligands as Catalysts for Fixation of Atmospheric CO 2 as Organic Carbonates. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201204. [PMID: 36734191 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The fixation of atmospheric CO2 into value-added products is a promising methodology. A series of novel nickel(II) complexes of the type [Ni(L)(CH3 CN)2 ](BPh4 )2 1-5, where L=N,N-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-N', N'-dimethylpropane-1,3-diamine (L1), N,N-dimethyl-N'-(2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-N'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl) propane-1,3-diamine (L2), N,N-bis((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-ylmethyl)-N',N'-dimethylpropane-1,3-diamine (L3), N-(2-(dimethylamino) benzyl)-N',N'-dimethyl-N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl) propane-1,3-diamine (L4) and N,N-bis(2-(dimethylamino)benzyl)-N', N'-dimethylpropane-1,3-diamine (L5) have been synthesized and characterized as the catalysts for the conversion of atmospheric CO2 into organic cyclic carbonates. The single-crystal X-ray structure of 2 was determined and exhibited distorted octahedral coordination geometry with cis-α configuration. The complexes have been used as a catalyst for converting CO2 and epoxides into five-membered cyclic carbonates under 1 atmospheric (atm) pressure at room temperature in the presence of Bu4 NBr. The catalyst containing electron-releasing -Me and -OMe groups afforded the maximum yield of cyclic carbonates, 34% (TON, 680) under 1 atm air. It was drastically enhanced to 89% (TON, 1780) under pure CO2 gas at 1 atm. It is the highest catalytic efficiency known for CO2 fixation using nickel-based catalysts at room temperature and 1 atm pressure. The electronic and steric factors of the ligands strongly influence the catalytic efficiency. Furthermore, all the catalysts can convert a wide range of epoxides (ten examples) into corresponding cyclic carbonate with excellent selectivity (>99%) under this mild condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sethuraman Muthuramalingam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, Raipur, 492015 Chattisgarh, India.,Institut de Química Computacional i Catalisì (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Girona, E-17003 Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marappan Velusamy
- Department of Chemistry, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, India
| | - Swati Singh Rajput
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, Raipur, 492015 Chattisgarh, India
| | - Mehboob Alam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, Raipur, 492015 Chattisgarh, India
| | - Ramasamy Mayilmurugan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, Raipur, 492015 Chattisgarh, India
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4
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Wittwer B, Dickmann N, Berg S, Leitner D, Tesi L, Hunger D, Gratzl R, van Slageren J, Neuman NI, Munz D, Hohloch S. A mesoionic carbene complex of manganese in five oxidation states. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6096-6099. [PMID: 35503035 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00097k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reaction between a carbazole-based mesoionic carbene ligand and manganese(II) iodide results in the formation of a rare air-stable manganese(IV) complex after aerobic workup. Cyclic voltammetry reveals the complex to be stable in five oxidation states. The electronic structure of all five oxidation states is elucidated chemically, spectroscopically (NMR, high-frequency EPR, UV-Vis, MCD), magnetically, and computationally (DFT, CASSCF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Wittwer
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Nicole Dickmann
- University of Paderborn, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Stephan Berg
- University of Paderborn, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Daniel Leitner
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Lorenzo Tesi
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - David Hunger
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Raphael Gratzl
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Joris van Slageren
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nicolas I Neuman
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.,Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química, INTEC, UNL-CONICET, Predio CONICET Santa Fe Dr Alberto Cassano, Ruta Nacional No 168, Km 0 Paraje El Pozo, (S3000ZAA) Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Dominik Munz
- Inorganic Chemistry: Coordination Chemistry, Saarland University Campus C4 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany. .,Inorganic and General Chemistry, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egelandstr. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephan Hohloch
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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5
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Matsubara K, Tomomatsu K, Tajiri A, Watanabe A, Koga Y, Ishikawa R, Yamada Y. Pincer‐type Mesoionic Carbene Nickel(II) Complexes: Synthesis, Properties, Reactions, and Catalytic Application to the Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling Reaction of Aryl Bromides. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kouki Matsubara
- Fukuoka University Department of Chemistry 8-19-1 NanakumaJonan-Ku 814-0180 Fukuoka JAPAN
| | | | - Ayame Tajiri
- Fukuoka University: Fukuoka Daigaku Chemistry JAPAN
| | | | - Yuji Koga
- Fukuoka University: Fukuoka Daigaku Chemistry JAPAN
| | | | - Yuji Yamada
- Fukuoka University: Fukuoka Daigaku Chemistry JAPAN
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