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Yu X, Tao J, Xiao T, Duan X. P-hydroxybenzaldehyde protects Caenorhabditis elegans from oxidative stress and β-amyloid toxicity. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1414956. [PMID: 38841104 PMCID: PMC11150654 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1414956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gastrodia elata is the dried tuber of the orchid Gastrodia elata Bl. It is considered a food consisting of a source of precious medicinal herbs, whose chemical composition is relatively rich. Gastrodia elata and its extracted fractions have been shown to have neuroprotective effects. P-hydroxybenzaldehyde (p-HBA), as one of the main active components of Gastrodia elata, has anti-inflammatory, antioxidative stress, and cerebral protective effects, which has potential for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of this study was to verify the role of p-HBA in AD treatment and to investigate its mechanism of action in depth based using the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) model. Methods In this study, we used paralysis, lifespan, behavioral and antistress experiments to investigate the effects of p-HBA on AD and aging. Furthermore, we performed reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, thioflavin S staining, RNA-seq analysis, qPCR validation, PCR Array, and GFP reporter gene worm experiment to determine the anti-AD effects of p-HBA, as well as in-depth studies on its mechanisms. Results p-HBA was able to delay paralysis, improve mobility and resistance to stress, and delay aging in the AD nematode model. Further mechanistic studies showed that ROS and lipofuscin levels, Aβ aggregation, and toxicity were reduced after p-HBA treatment, suggesting that p-HBA ameliorated Aβ-induced toxicity by enhancing antioxidant and anti-aging activity and inhibiting Aβ aggregation. p-HBA had a therapeutic effect on AD by improving stress resistance, as indicated by the down-regulation of NLP-29 and UCR-11 expression and up-regulation of PQN-75 and LYS-3 expression. In addition, the gene microarray showed that p-HBA treatment played a positive role in genes related to AD, anti-aging, ribosomal protein pathway, and glucose metabolism, which were collectively involved in the anti-AD mechanism of p-HBA. Finally, we also found that p-HBA promoted nuclear localization of DAF-16 and increased the expression of SKN-1, SOD-3, and GST-4, which contributed significantly to inhibition of Aβ toxicity and enhancement of antioxidative stress. Conclusion Our work suggests that p-HBA has some antioxidant and anti-aging activities. It may be a viable candidate for the treatment and prevention of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiaohua Duan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Dai and Yi Medicines, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Kirchweger B, Zwirchmayr J, Grienke U, Rollinger JM. The role of Caenorhabditis elegans in the discovery of natural products for healthy aging. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:1849-1873. [PMID: 37585263 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00021d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 2012 to 2023The human population is aging. Thus, the greatest risk factor for numerous diseases, such as diabetes, cancer and neurodegenerative disorders, is increasing worldwide. Age-related diseases do not typically occur in isolation, but as a result of multi-factorial causes, which in turn require holistic approaches to identify and decipher the mode of action of potential remedies. With the advent of C. elegans as the primary model organism for aging, researchers now have a powerful in vivo tool for identifying and studying agents that effect lifespan and health span. Natural products have been focal research subjects in this respect. This review article covers key developments of the last decade (2012-2023) that have led to the discovery of natural products with healthy aging properties in C. elegans. We (i) discuss the state of knowledge on the effects of natural products on worm aging including methods, assays and involved pathways; (ii) analyze the literature on natural compounds in terms of their molecular properties and the translatability of effects on mammals; (iii) examine the literature on multi-component mixtures with special attention to the studied organisms, extraction methods and efforts regarding the characterization of their chemical composition and their bioactive components. (iv) We further propose to combine small in vivo model organisms such as C. elegans and sophisticated analytical approaches ("wormomics") to guide the way to dissect complex natural products with anti-aging properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Kirchweger
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Julia Zwirchmayr
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ulrike Grienke
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Judith M Rollinger
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Li C, Xu W, Zhang X, Cui X, Tsopmo A, Li J. Antioxidant Peptides Derived from Millet Bran Promote Longevity and Stress Resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 78:790-795. [PMID: 37656398 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-023-01100-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Millet bran as a by-product of millet grain processing remains a reservoir of active substances. In this study, functional millet bran peptides (MBPE) were obtained from bran proteins after alcalase hydrolysis and ultrafiltration. The activity of MBPE was assessed in vitro and in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). In vitro, compared to unhydrolyzed proteins, MBPE significantly enhanced the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate (ABTS) and hydroxyl radicals scavenging activity, and the scavenging rate of MBPE with 15,000 U/g alcalase reached 42.79 ± 0.31%, 61.38 ± 0.41 and 45.69 ± 0.84%, respectively. In C. elegans, MBPE at 12.5 µg/mL significantly prolonged the lifespan by reducing lipid oxidation, oxidative stress, and lipofuscin levels. Furthermore, MBPE increased the activities of the antioxidant enzymes. Genetic analyses showed that MBPE-mediated longevity was due to a significant increase in the expression of daf-16 and skn-1, which are also involved in xenobiotic and oxidative stress responses. In conclusion, this study found that MBPE had antioxidant and life-prolonging effects, which are important for the development and utilization of millet bran proteins as resources of active ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
| | - Wenjing Xu
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Xiaodong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Apollinaire Tsopmo
- Food Science and Nutrition Program, Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Jiao Li
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
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Zhu Y, Han Y, Wang W, Liang G, Qi J. Mulberry leaves attenuate D-galactose-induced aging in vivo and in vitro. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 311:116286. [PMID: 36965545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mulberry leaves contain many bioactive compounds and have been widely used in traditional medicines and functional foods for prevention and treatment of age-related diseases, such as diabetes, cognitive impairment and obesity-mediated liver cancer. Aging has an irreversible negative impact on human health for many years, even decades, before death, which is a social and economic burden on society. AIM OF THE STUDY The objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of mulberry leaf extract (MLE) in vivo and in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) was used as a model organism to observe the effects of different concentrations of MLE (1, 2, 4, 8 mg/mL) on nematodes' healthy lifespan, reproductive capacity, locomotion, stress resistance, and antioxidation. In addition, D-galactose (D-gal) induced liver aging in mice and L-02 cells were established. The antioxidant and anti-aging effects of MLE were evaluated by body weight, organ indexes, malondialdehyde (MDA), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), aspartate and alanine aminotransferases (AST and ALT), reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal). Besides, the expressions of AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α and Nrf2-Keap1 were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS MLE could significantly prolonged nematodes' average life span and improved most physiological indicators related to aging of C. elegans. Moreover, Treatment with MLE ameliorated the decreased body weight and organ index (weight of organ/body weight) in model mice, and protected against oxidative stress in mice and liver cells, in a dose-dependent manner, up-regulating T-SOD and T-AOC, while reducing ROS and MDA levels. MLE decreased both liver and cell levels of AST and ALT, and enhanced the mitochondrial membrane potential. MLE activated the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α pathways, participated in mitochondrial biosynthesis and oxidative metabolism and delayed D-gal-induced aging. MLE promoted the accumulation of Nrf2 in the nucleus, indicating that the improved oxidative stress response was mediated by the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION MLE appeared to have great potential for stimulating the oxidative stress response and attenuating the aging process of in vivo and in vitro, and provide a novel health-promoting resource against aging and aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Yaping Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Wuyang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Guangming Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Jin Qi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
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Li X, Wang X, Wang K, Yang X, Liu X, Chen J, Li J, Wang J, Guo Q, Wang H. Black rice anthocyanin extract enhances the antioxidant capacity in PC12 cells and improves the lifespan by activating IIS pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 265:109533. [PMID: 36549628 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Black rice is rich in anthocyanins, and the antioxidant effect of anthocyanins is recognized by consumers. The aim of this study was to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying the antioxidant activity of black rice anthocyanin extract (BRAE) in PC12 cells and C. elegans. Results showed that BRAE increased antioxidant enzyme activities and decreased the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde in PC12 cells induced by H2O2. Meanwhile, BRAE extended the lifespan, enhanced resistance to stress, increased antioxidant enzyme activities, and reduced lipofuscin, ROS, and MDA accumulation in wild-type C. elegans. The polyQ40 aggregation in AM141, paralysis in CL4176, and chemotaxis deficit in CL2355 were alleviated by BRAE administration. BRAE downregulated the mRNA expression of age-1 and daf-2, while upregulated the daf-16 mRNA level and SOD-3, CTL-1, and GST-4 protein expression. Mutational lifespan tests and molecular docking showed that insulin pathway might be involved in the mechanism of lifespan extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST), Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST), Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Kexin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST), Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xu Yang
- National Center of Inspection and Testing for Processed Food Quality, Tianjin Institute for Food Safety Inspection Technology, Tianjin 300308, China.
| | - Xiaozhi Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Epigenetics for Organ Department in Preterm Infants, the Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300450, China
| | - Jingnan Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST), Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jilite Wang
- Department of Agriculture, Hetao College, Inner Mongolia, Bayannur, China.
| | - Qingbin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST), Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST), Tianjin 300457, China.
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Boateng ID. A critical review of current technologies used to reduce ginkgotoxin, ginkgotoxin-5'-glucoside, ginkgolic acid, allergic glycoprotein, and cyanide in Ginkgo biloba L. seed. Food Chem 2022; 382:132408. [PMID: 35176549 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The Ginkgo biloba has astonished scholars globally with enormous bioactives, with sales exceeding $10 billion since 2017. The Ginkgo biloba seed (GBS) is an essential part of culinary culture. Nevertheless, toxins in fresh Ginkgo biloba seed (GBS) have limited GBSs' daily consumption. Ginkgotoxin and ginkgotoxin-5-glucoside cause poisoning, tonic-clonic convulsions, and neurotoxic effects. Ginkgolic acid causes cytotoxicity and allergies. Allergic glycoprotein in GBS causes nausea, seizures, dyspnea, mydriasis, vomiting, and bellyache. The amygdalin-derived hydrocyanic acid cause dizziness, vomiting, cramping, and sleeping disorders. Food products are frequently exposed to various processing techniques to increase food safety and functionality. As a result, this review focused on the technologies that have been used to minimize toxins in GBS. In addition, a comparison of these techniques was made based on their benefits, drawbacks, feasibility, pharmacological activities, and future direction or opportunities to improve current ones were provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Duah Boateng
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, University of Missouri, 1406 E Rollins Street, Columbia, MO 65211, United States.
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