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Yang Y, Qian Z, Wu C, Cheng Y, Yang B, Shao J, Zhao J, Zhu X, Jia X, Feng L. Differential absorption and metabolic characteristics of organic acid components in Pudilan Xiaoyan Oral Liquid between young rats and adult rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024:118528. [PMID: 38972526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pudilan Xiaoyan Oral Liquid (PDL) is a proprietary Chinese medicinal preparation approved by the State for treating acute pharyngitis in both adults and children (Approval No. Z20030095). It is worth noting that children exhibit unique physiopathological characteristics compared to adults. However, the in vivo regulatory characteristics of PDL in treating acute pharyngitis in children remain incompletely understood. AIM OF THE STUDY The differential absorption and metabolism characteristics of the main pharmacological components in PDL in young and adult rats were investigated with a view to providing a reference for preclinical data of PDL in medication for children. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study utilized UPLC-Q-TOF-MS to investigate the pharmacodynamic material basis of PDL. The focus was on the gastrointestinal digestion and absorption characteristics of organic acid components in PDL (PDL-OAC), known as the primary pharmacodynamic components in this formulation. The research combined in vitro dynamic simulation and a Quadruple single-pass intestinal perfusion model to examine these characteristics. The permeability properties of PDL-OAC were evaluated using an artificial parallel membrane model. Additionally, an acute pharyngitis model was established to evaluate the histopathological condition of the pharynx in young rats using H&E staining. The levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 in blood and pharyngeal tissue homogenates of young rats were quantified using ELISA kits. RESULTS A total of 91 components were identified in PDL, including 33 organic acids, 24 flavonoids, 14 alkaloids, 5 terpenoids and coumarins, 3 sugars, and 12 amino acids. The PDL-OAC exhibited a significant reduction in IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 levels in the pharyngeal tissues of young rats with acute pharyngitis. Results from dynamic simulation studies of gastrointestinal fluids revealed that the PDL-OAC (Specifically chlorogenic acid (CGA), gallic acid (GA), chicoric acid (CRA), and caffeic acid (CA)) were effectively stabilized in the gastrointestinal fluids of both children and adults in vitro. Young rats, characterized by thinner intestinal walls and higher permeability, efficiently absorbed the four organic acids across the entire intestinal segment. The absorption of CGA, GA, and CRA followed a concentration-dependent pattern, with CGA and GA absorption being influenced by exocytosis. CONCLUSION The efficacy of the PDL-OAC in treating acute pharyngitis was demonstrated in young rats. The absorption rate of these components was observed to be faster in young rats compared to adult rats, underscoring the need for dedicated studies on the drug's usage in children. This research provides valuable insights for the appropriate clinical use of PDL in pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of Pediatrics and Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P.R. China.
| | - Zhouyang Qian
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of Pediatrics and Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P.R. China.
| | - Chenhui Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of Pediatrics and Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P.R. China.
| | - Yue Cheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of Pediatrics and Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P.R. China.
| | - Bing Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of Pediatrics and Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P.R. China.
| | - Jianguo Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Characteristic Preparations for Paediatrics, Jumpcan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taixing 225400, P.R. China.
| | - Jing Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Characteristic Preparations for Paediatrics, Jumpcan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taixing 225400, P.R. China.
| | - Xiangjun Zhu
- Jiangsu Health Development Research Center, National Health and Family Planning Commission Contraceptives Adverse Reaction Surveillance Center, Nanjing 210036, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaobin Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of Pediatrics and Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P.R. China.
| | - Liang Feng
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of Pediatrics and Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P.R. China.
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Li Z, Xu Y, Wang Q, Yao M, Zhang H, He M, Li Z, Li H, Feng Y. Identification of bioactive ingredients and potential mechanisms of flowers of Hosta Plantaginea in treating pneumonia based on network pharmacology and experimental validation. Fitoterapia 2024; 176:106010. [PMID: 38740341 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Flowers of Hosta plantaginea (H. plantaginea), a widely utilized medicinal herb in Mongolian medicine, holds a significant historical background in terms of its medicinal applications. This herb is renowned for its ability to clear heat and detoxify the body, alleviate cough, and provide relief to the throat. However, the active ingredients and the potential mechanism of action remain ambiguity. The objective of this study was to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the efficacy of H. plantaginea in treating pneumonia, identify its active ingredients and unveil the pharmacological mechanism in the treatment of pneumonia. In vivo experiments demonstrate the plant's anti-pneumonia properties, while mass spectrometry analysis identifies 62 chemicals, with 14 absorbed into the bloodstream. Network pharmacology and Venn analysis reveal 195 targets of 52 active ingredients, with 49 gene targets common to H. plantaginea and pneumonia. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction and enrichment analysis highlight the key targets and pathways such as AKT, EGFR, IL-17. Western blotting confirms downregulation of these pathways, indicating the anti-inflammatory effects of H. plantaginea in treating acute lung injury. Our findings showed that the treatment of ALI with the H. plantaginea exerts its anti-inflammatory effects through multiple components, targets, and pathways. This study established a solid experimental foundation for investigating the various components, targets, and pathways involved in the treatment of pneumonia using H. plantaginea. It offers valuable insights from multiple perspectives and can serve as a reference for the clinical application of this plant in pneumonia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Li
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China
| | - Yanhua Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000, PR China
| | - Qinqin Wang
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China
| | - Min Yao
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China
| | - Haonan Zhang
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China
| | - Mingzhen He
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China
| | - Zhifeng Li
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China.
| | - Huifang Li
- Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000, PR China.
| | - Yulin Feng
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China.
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Yang L, Zhang F, He W, Zhao B, Zhang T, Wang S, Zhou L, He J. Extraction optimization and constituent analysis of total flavonoid from Hosta plantaginea (Lam.) Aschers flowers and its ameliorative effect on chronic prostatitis via inhibition of multiple inflammatory pathways in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116922. [PMID: 37516390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hosta plantaginea (Lam.) Aschers flowers (HPF) are well-known for their high flavonoid content, which contribute to their widely as traditional Chinese medicine for alleviating inflammation. Despite their recognized potential, information regarding the total flavonoid (TF) of HPF and its therapeutic application in treating chronic prostatitis (CP) remains unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to investigate the extraction optimization, constituent analysis, and alleviating effect of TF on CP as well as its potential mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The optimized extraction of TF from HPF was explored using response surface methodology with a Box-Behnken design model. The major flavonoids in TF were identified based on UHPLC-MS approach. Efficacy of TF (25 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) on CP was evaluated in prostate antigen emulsion-induced autoimmune CP rat model by measuring prostatic index, the levels of leukocytes and lecithin bodies, as well as histopathological examination. The protein expression contents were detected by western blotting. Additionally, the antioxidant (DPPH and ABTS) and anti-inflammatory (cyclooxygenase 2, COX-2 inhibitory) effects of TF were also evaluated in vitro. RESULTS The optimized conditions for TF extraction were determined as 60% ethanol concentration, 30 mL/g liquid-to-solid ratio, 30 min extraction time, and 90 °C extraction temperature, and the extraction ratio is 65.98 ± 2.14%. A total of 15 major flavonoids in TF were characterized by comparison with reference standards. TF ameliorated the efficacy of CP in rats in a dose-independent manner, including reduced prostatic index and leukocytes levels, elevated lecithin body levels, ameliorated histopathological damage to prostate, and suppressed phosphorylated protein expressions of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) p65, inhibitor of NF-κB alpha (IκBα), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk), just another kinase 1 (JAK1), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (Akt). Simultaneously, the IC50 of TF to DPPH, ABTS radicals, and COX-2 were 2.02, 1.79, and 0.0838 mg/mL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We first demonstrated that TF from HPF represents a promising candidate to alleviate CP through suppression of NF-κB, MAPKs, JAK-STAT, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, PR China.
| | - Fengxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China.
| | - Weiwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang, 330047, PR China.
| | - Boyuan Zhao
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, PR China.
| | - Ting Zhang
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, PR China.
| | - Shang Wang
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, PR China.
| | - Lifen Zhou
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, PR China.
| | - Junwei He
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, PR China.
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Wang J, Cao L, Wang H, Huang H, Zhong G, Yang L, He J. Therapeutic effect of Hosta plantaginea (Lam.) Aschers flowers on acute pharyngitis through inhibition of multi-inflammatory pathways in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116966. [PMID: 37499845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hosta plantaginea (Lam.) Aschers flower is a famous Mongolian folk medicine in China and has a therapeutic effect on acute pharyngitis (AP). However, the effect and potential mechanism of H. plantaginea flower on AP have not been fully elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY The present work aimed to evaluate the effects and mechanisms of the crude extract of H. plantaginea flowers (HP) and its four fractions of petroleum ether fraction (HPA), ethyl acetate fraction (HPB), n-butanol fraction (HPC), and water residue (HPD) against AP in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 15% ammonia-induced AP rat model in rats was established. Therapeutic effects of HP and HPA∼D in model rats were evaluated based on body weight, histopathological analysis, and inflammatory parameters, including tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and IL-6. The protein expression of nuclear factor kappa-B p65 (NF-κB p65), inhibitor of NF-κB alpha (IκBα), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk), just another kinase 1 (JAK1), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and protein kinase B (Akt) were detected by a Western blotting assay. RESULTS HP, HPB, and HPC treatments markedly alleviated AP in rats by increasing body weight and improving pathological damages in pharyngeal tissues. In addition, HP, HPB, and HPC treatments significantly inhibited inflammation, including decreasing the levels of TNF-α, PGE2, IL-1β, and IL-6, and suppressing phosphorylated protein expression of p65, IκBα, JNK, p38, Erk, JAK1, STAT3, PI3K, and Akt in pharyngeal tissues of rats. CONCLUSION Collectively, HP, HPB, and HPC can attenuate pharynx injury in rats by suppressing inflammation via inhibition of NF-κB, MAPKs, JAK-STAT, and PI3K-Akt pathways, which supports the traditional use of H. plantaginea flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashui Wang
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China.
| | - Lan Cao
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China.
| | - Huilei Wang
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China; College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China.
| | - Huilian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Nanchang, 330004, China.
| | - Guoyue Zhong
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China.
| | - Li Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China.
| | - Junwei He
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China.
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Liu X, Wang S, Cui L, Zhou H, Liu Y, Meng L, Chen S, Xi X, Zhang Y, Kang W. Flowers: precious food and medicine resources. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Effects of Different Drying Methods on the Quality of Bletilla striata Scented Tea. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062438. [PMID: 36985409 PMCID: PMC10055807 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Flower tea is widely loved as a drink, especially for the beautiful and rich flowers of the orchid family, and the drying method for different flowers is also unique. GC-MS is widely used to study volatile substances to determine the quality of flower teas. The findings show that the freeze-drying method can retain the original aroma and flavor of Bletilla striata has the highest sensory evaluation score, with the key flavor substances ethyl caproate and N-heptanal containing 1.14% and 6.28%, respectively, and their ROAV values reaching 54.46 and 100.00. Additionally, the freeze-drying method can well retain flavonoids, polysaccharides, and phenolic components, while providing better antioxidant and antibacterial properties. The stove-drying method would make Bletilla striata slightly burnt and less flavorful and efficacious than freeze-drying; the air-drying method is difficult to retain the special odor and fragrance of Bletilla striata flowers and has the lowest sensory evaluation score, with the presence of volatile components with irritating and unpleasant odors such as pyrazine and 2-pentylfuran, while not showing better efficacy. In addition, steam fixation would destroy the morphology and flavor of Bletilla striata, lose polysaccharide and phenolic components, and reduce the efficacy of Bletilla striata scented tea, but could retain the flavonoid components well. In summary, direct freeze-drying without steam fixation is the best process for drying Bletilla striata scented tea, stove-drying without steam fixation is more economical and convenient in actual production and application, steam fixation and air-drying are not suitable as drying processes for Bletilla striata scented tea. This study analyzed the quality of Bletilla striata scented tea under different drying methods, promoted the further processing of Bletilla striata scented tea, and provided a reference for the comprehensive utilization of Bletilla striata scented tea.
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