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Fan Y, Hong R, Sun X, Luo Q, Wei H, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Zhou X, Wan J. Gastric acid-responsive deformable sodium alginate/Bletilla striata polysaccharide in situ gel for the protection and treatment of alcohol-induced peptic ulcers. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128815. [PMID: 38114010 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
First-line drugs for peptic ulcer (PU) treatment are typically limited by poor targeting and adverse effects associated with long-term use. Despite recent advancements in novel therapeutic approaches for PU, the development of sustained-release delivery systems tailored to specific pathological characteristics remains challenging. Persistent inflammation, particularly gastric inflammatory microenvironment imbalance, characterizes the PU. In this study, we prepared an in situ gel composed of sodium alginate, deacetylated gellan gum, calcium citrate, and Bletilla striata polysaccharide (BSP) to achieve sustained release of BSP. The BSP in situ gel demonstrated favorable fluidity in vitro and completed self-assembly in vivo in response to the acidic milieu at a pH of 1.5. Furthermore, the shear, extrusion, and deformation properties increased by 26.4 %, 103.7 %, and 46.3 %, respectively, with long-term gastric retention (4 h) and mucosal adaptation. Animal experiments confirmed that the BSP in situ gel could attenuate necrotic injury and inflammatory cell infiltration, maintain mucosal barrier integrity, regulate cytokine imbalance and inflammation-associated hyperapoptosis, thus effectively alleviate the inflammatory microenvironmental imbalance in PU without significant side effects. Overall, our findings demonstrated that the BSP in situ gel is a promising therapeutic strategy for PU and opens avenues for developing self-assembled formulations targeting the pathological features of PUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Fan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, China
| | - Ran Hong
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, China
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, China
| | - Qiaomei Luo
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, China
| | - Huilin Wei
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, China
| | - Yajuan Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, China
| | - Zengni Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, China
| | - Xia Zhou
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, China
| | - Jun Wan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, China.
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Bai L, Wang T, Deng Q, Zheng W, Li X, Yang H, Tong R, Yu D, Shi J. Dual properties of pharmacological activities and preparation excipient: Bletilla striata polysaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127643. [PMID: 37898246 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Bletilla striata has been used for thousands of years and shows the functions of stopping bleeding, reducing swelling, and promoting healing in traditional applications. For Bletilla striata, Bletilla striata polysaccharides (BSP) is the main active ingredient, exhibiting biological functions of anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-fibrotic, immune modulation, anti-glycation, and so on. In addition, BSP has exhibited the characteristics of excipient such as bio-adhesion, bio-degradability, and bio-safety and has been prepared into a series of preparations such as nanoparticles, microspheres, microneedles, hydrogels, etc. BSP, as both a drug and an excipient, has already aroused more and more attention. In this review, publications in recent years related to the extraction and identification, biological activities, and excipient application of BSP are reviewed. Specifically, we focused on the advances in the application of BSP as a formulation excipient. We hold opinion that BSP not only needed more researches in the mechanisms, but also the development into hydrogels, nano-formulations, tissue engineering, and so on. And we believe that this paper provides a beneficial reference for further BSP innovation and in-depth research and promotes the use of these natural products in pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Bai
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; The State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qichuan Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Power China Chengdu Engineering Corporation Limited, Chengdu, China
| | - Rongsheng Tong
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Dongke Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; The State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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Zhang L, Wang S, Li Y, Liu B, Duan Z, Liu F, Ren Q. Tartary buckwheat root polysaccharides ameliorate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via the IL6-SOCS3-SREBP1c pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 179:113997. [PMID: 37604299 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that Tartary buckwheat root polysaccharides (TBRP) could reduce insulin resistance in diabetes mellitus by inhibiting SOCS3-stimulated IRS1 protein degradation. However, whether TBRP has the efficiency to treat non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is still undetermined. This investigation aimed to examine the effects of TBRP on a high-fat diet (HFD)-triggered NAFLD, and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Briefly, TBRP toxicity in hepatoma (BEL7404) and pancreatic cancer (BxPC3) cells and zebrafish embryos developmental models, were evaluated in-vitro and in-vivo, respectively. TBRP inhibited cellular lipid accumulation by suppressing fat synthesis, furthermore, it improved body weight gain, liver weight, liver-to-body weight ratio, serum lipids triglyceride, total cholesterol, ALT, LDL-C, HDL-C, and AST levels in the NAFLD mice model. Additionally, TBRP treatment also lowered the nitric oxide content. The qPCR assay revealed that mRNA expression of TNF, IL1β, and IL6 was also markedly reduced in TBRP-treated NAFLD mice. The expression of SOCS3, SREBP1c, and STAT3 was elucidated by western blot analysis, which indicated that TBRP markedly decreased the gene expression for de novo fat synthesis by the SOCS3-SREBP1c pathway. These findings reveal that TBRP ameliorates NAFLD via the IL6-SOCS3-SREBP1c signaling pathway and therefore, may represent a promising approach for NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Litao Zhang
- School of Biological Science, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, 276826, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- School of Biological Science, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, 276826, China
| | - Yimin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, 276826, China
| | - Boyu Liu
- School of Biological Science, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, 276826, China
| | - Zeyu Duan
- School of Biological Science, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, 276826, China
| | - Fei Liu
- School of Biological Science, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, 276826, China
| | - Qiang Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, 276826, China.
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Guo Q, Li Y, Dai X, Wang B, Zhang J, Cao H. Polysaccharides: The Potential Prebiotics for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD). Nutrients 2023; 15:3722. [PMID: 37686754 PMCID: PMC10489936 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic (dysfunction) associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is recognized as the most prevalent chronic liver disease globally. However, its pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. Recent advancements in the gut-liver axis offer novel insights into the development of MAFLD. Polysaccharides, primarily derived from fungal and algal sources, abundantly exist in the human diet and exert beneficial effects on glycometabolism, lipid metabolism, inflammation, immune modulation, oxidative stress, and the release of MAFLD. Numerous studies have demonstrated that these bioactivities of polysaccharides are associated with their prebiotic properties, including the ability to modulate the gut microbiome profile, maintain gut barrier integrity, regulate metabolites produced by gut microbiota such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and bile acids (BAs), and contribute to intestinal homeostasis. This narrative review aims to present a comprehensive summary of the current understanding of the protective effects of polysaccharides on MAFLD through their interactions with the gut microbiota and its metabolites. Specifically, we highlight the potential molecular mechanisms underlying the prebiotic effects of polysaccharides, which may give new avenues for the prevention and treatment of MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, National Key Clinical Specialty, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China; (Q.G.); (Y.L.); (X.D.); (B.W.)
| | - Yun Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, National Key Clinical Specialty, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China; (Q.G.); (Y.L.); (X.D.); (B.W.)
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xin Dai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, National Key Clinical Specialty, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China; (Q.G.); (Y.L.); (X.D.); (B.W.)
| | - Bangmao Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, National Key Clinical Specialty, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China; (Q.G.); (Y.L.); (X.D.); (B.W.)
| | - Jie Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, National Key Clinical Specialty, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China; (Q.G.); (Y.L.); (X.D.); (B.W.)
| | - Hailong Cao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, National Key Clinical Specialty, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China; (Q.G.); (Y.L.); (X.D.); (B.W.)
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Fan Y, Zhang M, Ma J, Zhang Y, Yang J. Metabolomics analysis of the serum metabolic signature of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease combined with prediabetes model rats after the intervention of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides combined with aerobic activity. Biomed Chromatogr 2023; 37:e5562. [PMID: 36480472 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic disorders accompany nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), associated with prediabetes. Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) seem to be a potential prebiotic, and aerobic exercise has shown protective effects on NAFLD with prediabetes. However, their combined effects on NAFLD and prediabetes remain unclear. This study investigated the effects of LBP and aerobic exercise alone, and their combined effects on the metabolomics of serum, and explored the potential mechanisms utilizing a high-fat diet-induced rat model of NAFLD and prediabetes. It provided the metabolic basis for the pathogenesis and early diagnosis of prediabetes complicated with NAFLD. Untargeted metabolomics profiling was performed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometry to analyze the changes in overall metabolites in each group of samples. An orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis model with variable importance on projection >1 and p < 0.05 were used as the screening criteria to screen the significant differential metabolites and analyze the expression changes and functional pathways. Different intervention treatments showed clear discrimination by univariate and multivariate analyses. The model group had a high relative level of expression of lipids. Comparison between the two groups showed steroids with high expression after LBP and aerobic exercise treatment separately and alkaloids and fatty acyls with high expression after aerobic exercise and the combination intervention, respectively. Comparison of the five groups showed some of the metabolites to be differently expressed after the intervention improved lipid and fatty acid metabolism. The three types of intervention had sound effects on the changes in liver index for the diseases studied. Furthermore, the combination treatment may be a better choice for disease prevention and treatment than a single treatment. Our analysis of metabolomics confirmed that the different treatments had significant regulatory effects on the metabolic pathways. Our findings strongly support the possibility that aerobic exercise combined with LBP can be regarded as a potential therapeutic method for NAFLD in prediabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanna Fan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Mengwei Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jiamin Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yannan Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jianjun Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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6
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Wang Q, Chen H, Yin M, Cheng X, Xia H, Hu H, Zheng J, Zhang Z, Liu H. In vitro digestion and human gut microbiota fermentation of Bletilla striata polysaccharides and oligosaccharides. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1105335. [PMID: 36816591 PMCID: PMC9929950 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1105335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bletilla striata is one of the commonly used traditional Chinese medicine. B. striata polysaccharides (BP) and oligosaccharides (BO) are one of the main components of B. striata, which have been proved to have a variety of biological activities. However, the digestion and fermentation characteristics of BP and BO are still unclear. Methods The study evaluated different prebiotic effects of BP and BO by in vitro simulating digestion and gut microbiota fermentation. Results The results show that the simulating saliva partly degraded BP, but had no effect on BO. The molecular weights of BP and BO remained basically unchanged in gastric and intestinal digestion. In addition, BP and BO could be rapidly degraded and utilized by gut microbiota. During in vitro fermentation, the growth rates of the BP and BO groups were higher than that of the Control group and the pH value and total carbohydrate content in BP group and BO group decreased significantly. Although the reducing sugar level in the BO group decreased rapidly, it remained at a low level in the BP group. Both BP and BO improved the composition and structure of gut microbiota, indicative of the upregulated abundances of Streptococcus and Veillonella, and the downregulated populations of Escherichia and Bacteroides. There were differences in the SCFA production by gut microbiota and antioxidant activities between the BP and BO groups. The fermentation broth of the BP group displayed a stronger suppression of O2-, but a higher scavenging effect on DPPH for the BO group. Conclusions BP and BO displayed different digestion and fermentation characteristics in vitro due to their distinct polymerization degrees. The study point towards the potential of BP and BO as prebiotics in the application to human diseases by selectively regulating gut microbiota in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mingzhu Yin
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue Cheng
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Xia
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Haiming Hu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Junping Zheng
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Hongtao Liu
- *Correspondence: Zhigang Zhang, ; Hongtao Liu,
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Chen H, Wang B, Li J, Xu J, Zeng J, Gao W, Chen K. Comparative study on the extraction efficiency, characterization, and bioactivities of Bletilla striata polysaccharides using response surface methodology (RSM) and genetic algorithm-artificial neural network (GA-ANN). Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 226:982-995. [PMID: 36495990 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This research established the optimal conditions for alkali-assisted extraction (AAE) of bioactive polysaccharides from Bletilla striata integrated with response surface methodology (RSM) and the genetic algorithm-artificial neural networks (GA-ANN). In comparison with RSM, the ANN model showed a relatively higher determination coefficient in the global output values (RSM: ANN = 0.9270: 0.9742) performing more satisfactorily in the validation. Under the optimum conditions (52 °C; 167 min, and 0.01 mol/L NaOH), the extraction yields, IC50 of ABTS, and FRAP value were 29.53 ± 0.97 %, 3.41 mg/mL, and 39.11 μmol Fe2+/g, respectively. The results indicated that BSPs-A was mainly composed of glucose and mannose with small amounts of arabinose, galactose, and galacturonic acid, while possessed a molecular weight of about 305.94 kDa (Mw). The structural characterization of BSPs-A was initially characterized by FT-IR, SEM, and Congo red tests, which indicated that BSPs-A possessed a triple helix conformation of typical Bletilla striata polysaccharides. In addition, BSPs-A exhibited excellent antioxidant activity, which was further confirmed by a series of in vitro antioxidant activity assays including DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and ORAC. After incubation in the BSA-glucose system for 15 days, BSPs-A showed inhibition of the advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoying Chen
- Plant Fiber Material Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- Plant Fiber Material Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
| | - Jinpeng Li
- Plant Fiber Material Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Jun Xu
- Plant Fiber Material Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Jinsong Zeng
- Plant Fiber Material Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Wenhua Gao
- Plant Fiber Material Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Kefu Chen
- Plant Fiber Material Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
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Zhao J, Hu Y, Qian C, Hussain M, Liu S, Zhang A, He R, Sun P. The Interaction between Mushroom Polysaccharides and Gut Microbiota and Their Effect on Human Health: A Review. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12010122. [PMID: 36671814 PMCID: PMC9856211 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Mushroom polysaccharides are a kind of biological macromolecule extracted from the fruiting body, mycelium or fermentation liquid of edible fungi. In recent years, the research on mushroom polysaccharides for alleviating metabolic diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, cancers and other symptoms by changing the intestinal microenvironment has been increasing. Mushroom polysaccharides could promote human health by regulating gut microbiota, increasing the production of short-chain fatty acids, improving intestinal mucosal barrier, regulating lipid metabolism and activating specific signaling pathways. Notably, these biological activities are closely related to the molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and type of the glycosidic bond of mushroom polysaccharide. This review aims to summarize the latest studies: (1) Regulatory effects of mushroom polysaccharides on gut microbiota; (2) The effect of mushroom polysaccharide structure on gut microbiota; (3) Metabolism of mushroom polysaccharides by gut microbiota; and (4) Effects of mushroom polysaccharides on gut microbe-mediated diseases. It provides a theoretical basis for further exploring the mechanism of mushroom polysaccharides for regulating gut microbiota and gives a reference for developing and utilizing mushroom polysaccharides as promising prebiotics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yixin Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Chao Qian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Muhammad Hussain
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Shizhu Liu
- Zhejiang Fangge Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Qingyuan 323800, China
| | - Anqiang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Rongjun He
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Zhejiang Fangge Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Qingyuan 323800, China
- Bioactives and Functional Foods Research Center, China National Light Industry, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Correspondence: (R.H.); (P.S.)
| | - Peilong Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Zhejiang Fangge Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Qingyuan 323800, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research, China National Light Industry, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Correspondence: (R.H.); (P.S.)
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Validation of the Anticolitis Efficacy of the Jian-Wei-Yu-Yang Formula. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9110704. [PMID: 36091591 PMCID: PMC9451982 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9110704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality due to its repetitive remission and relapse. The Jian-Wei-Yu-Yang (JW) formula has a historical application in the clinic to combat gastrointestinal disorders. The investigation aimed to explore the molecular and cellular mechanisms of JW. Methods 2% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) was diluted in drinking water and given to mice for 5 days to establish murine models of experimental colitis, and different doses of JW solution were administered for 14 days. Network pharmacology analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were utilized to predict the therapeutic role of JW against experimental colitis and colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics were conducted using murine feces. Western blotting, immunocytochemistry, and wound healing experiments were performed to confirm the molecular mechanisms. Results (1) Liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry was utilized to confirm the validity of the JW formula. The high dose of JW treatment markedly attenuated DSS-induced experimental colitis progression, and the targets were enriched in inflammation, infection, and tumorigenesis. (2) The JW targets were related to the survival probability in patients with colorectal cancer, underlying a potential therapeutic value in CRC intervention. (3) Moreover, the JW therapy successfully rescued the decreased richness and diversity of microbiota, suppressed the potentially pathogenic phenotype of the gut microorganisms, and increased cytochrome P450 activity in murine colitis models. (4) Our in vitro experiments confirmed that the JW treatment suppressed caspase3-dependent pyroptosis, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α), and interleukin-1b (IL-1b) in the colon; facilitated the alternative activation of macrophages (Mφs); and inhibited tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in intestinal organoids (IOs). Conclusion The JW capsule attenuated the progression of murine colitis by a prompt resolution of inflammation and bloody stool and by re-establishing a microbiome profile that favors re-epithelization and prevents carcinogenesis.
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The Regulatory Roles of Polysaccharides and Ferroptosis-Related Phytochemicals in Liver Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112303. [PMID: 35684103 PMCID: PMC9182636 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver disease is a global health burden with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Liver injuries can develop into severe end-stage diseases, such as cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma, without valid treatment. Therefore, identifying novel drugs may promote liver disease treatment. Phytochemicals, including polysaccharides, flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenes, are abundant in foods and medicinal plants and have various bioactivities, such as antioxidation, immunoregulation, and tumor killing. Recent studies have shown that many natural polysaccharides play protective roles in liver disease models in vitro and in vivo, such as fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, drug-induced liver injury, and liver cancer. The mechanisms of liver disease are complex. Notably, ferroptosis, a new type of cell death driven by iron and lipid peroxidation, is considered to be the key mechanism in many hepatic pathologies. Therefore, polysaccharides and other types of phytochemicals with activities in ferroptosis regulation provide novel therapeutic strategies for ferroptosis-related liver diseases. This review summarizes our current understanding of the mechanisms of ferroptosis and liver injury and compelling preclinical evidence of natural bioactive polysaccharides and phytochemicals in treating liver disease.
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