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Shi Q, Li X, He J, Ye D, Tang H, Xuan J, Tang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y. Effects of Auricularia auricula-judae (Bull.) Quél. polysaccharide acid hydrolysate on glucose metabolism in diabetic mice under oxidative stress. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155485. [PMID: 38640854 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress can lead to uncontrolled glucose metabolism and, thus, diabetes. Auricularia auricula-judae (Bull.) Quél. polysaccharides possess biological activities, such as antioxidant and hypoglycemic effects, but their mechanism of their acid hydrolysates on oxidative stress-injured glucose metabolism disorders is unclear. PURPOSE Using diabetic mice, we investigated the effect of the acid hydrolysate of polysaccharides from Auricularia auricula-judae (Bull.) Quél. on improving diabetes. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The structural information of sample polysaccharides was measured by high performance gel permeation chromatography, nuclear magnetic resolution, and high performance liquid chromatography. The diabetic model was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. For eight consecutive weeks, the mice were orally administered sample polysaccharides (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg b.w. per day) for intervention. The improvement effect of the samples on diabetes was explored by detecting the changes in biochemical indicators in mice, and the underlying mechanism was studied by transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis. RESULTS The results showed that acid hydrolysate of Auricularia auricula-judae (Bull.) Quél. polysaccharides consisted mainly of mannose, xylose, glucuronic acid, and glucose; its weight-averaged molecular weight was 6.3842 × 104 Dalton, its number average molecular weight was 2.9594 × 104 Dalton; and the molecule contained α-Glc(1→4)-, β-Glc(1→3)-, and β-Man(1→4)-linked glycosidic bonds. A total of 100 mg/kg b.w. per day sample was the best intervention concentration. After eight weeks of intervention, the sample polysaccharides significantly reduced dynamic blood glucose and serum lipids, enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities, promoted glucagon like peptide-1 and insulin secretion, improved insulin sensitivity and alleviated insulin resistance in diabetic mice. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses showed that sample polysaccharides was able to ameliorate disorders of glucose metabolism by modulating gene expression such as glucokinase; and modulate the state of oxidative stress in mice in vivo by regulating the glutathione metabolism pathway. CONCLUSION Acid hydrolysate of Auricularia auricula-judae (Bull.) Quél. polysaccharides improved glucose metabolism disorders by slowing down the oxidative stress injury in mice, thereby alleviating diabetes. This study provided a basis for determining the underlying mechanism of the antidiabetic effect of Auricularia auricula-judae (Bull.) Quél. polysaccharides, which would significantly improve the deep development and application of these materials in diabetes control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310018, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310018, China
| | - Jiyuan He
- Liang Xin College, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310018, China
| | - Deting Ye
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310018, China
| | - Huinan Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310018, China
| | - Jinjie Xuan
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310018, China
| | - Yuxuan Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310018, China
| | - Yakun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310018, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310018, China.
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Qian C, Li H, Hou Z, Liang Z. Effects of different drying methods on Rubus chingii Hu fruit during processing. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24512. [PMID: 38312685 PMCID: PMC10835160 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, the dried fruits of Rubus chingii Hu (Chinese name: Fu-Pen-Zi; FPZ) were processed and dried by three methods-in the shade, the sun, and the oven. The composition regarding the standard ingredient, color, and antioxidant capacities were investigated pro- and post-processing. The technique of headspace-solid-phase-microextraction-gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) and flavoromics were used to analyze the flavor-conferring metabolites of FPZ. The results obtained revealed that the highest use value and antioxidant capacities were detected in the FPZ fruits processed and dried in the shade. A total of 358 metabolites were detected from them mainly consisting of terpenoids, heterocyclic compounds, and esters. In differential analysis, the down-regulation of the metabolites was much greater than their up-regulation after all three drying methods. In an evaluation of the characteristic compounds and flavors produced after the three methods, there were variations mainly regarding the green and fruity odors. Therefore, considerable insights may be obtained for the development of novel agricultural methods and applications in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries by analyzing and comparing the variations in the chemical composition detected pre- and post-processing of the FPZ fruits. This paper provides a scientific basis for quality control in fruits and their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Qian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Hongfa Li
- Hanguang Primary Processing Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, 311700, China
| | - Zhuoni Hou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
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Guo H, Liu HY, Li H, Wu DT, Zhong LLD, Gan RY, Gao H. Recent advances in the influences of drying technologies on physicochemical properties and biological activities of plant polysaccharides. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-21. [PMID: 37778371 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2259983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant polysaccharides, as significant functional macromolecules with diverse biological properties, are currently receiving increasing attention. Drying technologies play a pivotal role in the research, development, and application of various foods and plant polysaccharides. The chemical composition, structure, and function of extracted polysaccharides are significantly influenced by different drying technologies (e.g., microwave, infrared, and radio frequency) and conditions (e.g., temperature). This study discusses and compares the principles, advantages, disadvantages, and effects of different drying processes on the chemical composition as well as structural and biological properties of plant polysaccharides. In most plant-based raw materials, molecular degradation, molecular aggregation phenomena along with intermolecular interactions occurring within cell wall components and cell contents during drying represent primary mechanisms leading to variations in chemical composition and structures of polysaccharides. These differences further impact their biological properties. The biological properties of polysaccharides are determined by a combination of multiple relevant factors rather than a single factor alone. This review not only provides insights into selecting appropriate drying processes to obtaining highly bioactive plant polysaccharides but also offers a fundamental theoretical basis for the structure-function relationship of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Guo
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong-Yan Liu
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Hang Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Ding-Tao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linda L D Zhong
- Biomedical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hong Gao
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Shi K, Zhou T, Yuan Y, Li D, Gong B, Gao S, Chen Q, Li Y, Han X. Synergistic mediating effect of edible fungal polysaccharides ( Auricularia and Tremellan) and Crataegus flavonoids in hyperlipidemic rats. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:4812-4828. [PMID: 37576054 PMCID: PMC10420763 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Both edible fungal polysaccharides (Auricularia and Tremellan) and Crataegus flavonoids promote the balance of dyslipidemia, which have a positive biological regulating effect on intestinal flora. In this study, the extraction of water-soluble polysaccharides from Auricularia and Tremellan was investigated and optimized firstly. Polysaccharides and flavonoids were then combined to study the effects on the mediating role of abnormal blood lipid concentration and intestinal flora in vivo. The rats were divided into 10 groups, the NC (normal control), HM (model), PCI (Simvastatin control), PCII (Fenofibrate control), AAP (Auricularia auricular Polysaccharide), TFP (Tremella fuciformis Polysaccharide), HF (Crataegus Flavonoid), LDC (Low-dose combination), MDC (Medium dose combination), and HDC (High-dose combination), used to explore the impact of polysaccharides and flavonoids complex on state of blood lipid, liver, and intestinal flora of dyslipidemia rats. The results showed that the combination of polysaccharides and flavonoids could significantly decrease the levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), and increase the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). It also significantly decreased the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and improved liver morphology. What is more, the HDC favorably alters the intestinal microflora balance, promotes intestinal integrity and mobility, and inhibits the growth of harmful bacteria such as Escherichia coli/Shigella and Clostridium compared with HM group. In brief, the combination of polysaccharides and flavonoids had a synergistic effect on the remission of dyslipidemia, and promoted health by improving lipid metabolism, protecting liver tissue, and regulating the intestinal flora in hyperlipidemia rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Shi
- College of Food Science and BiologyHebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuangChina
| | - Tao Zhou
- College of Food Science and BiologyHebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuangChina
| | - Yu‐fei Yuan
- College of Food Science and BiologyHebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuangChina
| | - Dan‐dan Li
- College of Food Science and BiologyHebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuangChina
| | - Bin‐bin Gong
- College of Biological Science and EngineeringXingtai UniversityXingtaiChina
| | - Shan Gao
- College of Food Science and BiologyHebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuangChina
| | - Qi‐jia Chen
- College of Food Science and BiologyHebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuangChina
| | - Yan‐dong Li
- Hebei Provincial Station of Veterinary Drug and FeedShijiazhuangChina
| | - Xue Han
- College of Food Science and BiologyHebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuangChina
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Tang Y, Zhang X, Lin Y, Sun J, Chen S, Wang W, Li J. Insights into the Oxidative Stress Alleviation Potential of Enzymatically Prepared Dendrobium officinale Polysaccharides. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073071. [PMID: 37049834 PMCID: PMC10095697 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The extraction parameters can dramatically alter the extraction rate and biological activity of polysaccharides. (2) Methods: Here, an enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) was employed to extract D. officinale polysaccharides (DOPs), and its optimal extraction conditions were established by single-factor and Box-Behnken design (BBD) experiments. Further, on the basis of in vitro antioxidant capacity, the paraquat (PQ)-induced oxidative stress of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) was chosen as a research model to explore the antioxidant activity of DOPs. (3) Results: The results showed that the extraction yield of DOPs reached 48.66% ± 1.04% under the optimal condition. In vitro experiments had shown that DOPs have considerable ABTS+ radical scavenging capacity (EC50 = 7.27 mg/mL), hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity (EC50 = 1.61 mg/mL), and metal chelating power (EC50 = 8.31 mg/mL). Furthermore, in vivo experiments indicated that DOPs (0.25 mg/mL) significantly prolonged the lifespan, increased antioxidant enzyme activity, and upregulated the expression of daf-16 (>5.6-fold), skn-1 (>5.2-fold), and sir-2.1 (>2.3-fold) of C. elegans. (4) Conclusions: DOPs can be efficiently extracted by EAE and are effective in the reduction of oxidative stress levels in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqi Tang
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiong Zhang
- Hangzhou Zaoxianyibu Food Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yudan Lin
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jiehan Sun
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Shihao Chen
- Hangzhou Jiuxian Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311618, China
| | - Weimin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jia Li
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-Product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310018, China
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The Current State and Future Prospects of Auricularia auricula's Polysaccharide Processing Technology Portfolio. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020582. [PMID: 36677640 PMCID: PMC9861292 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Auricularia auricula polysaccharides (AAP) have been widely studied in the field of medicine and healthcare because of their unique structure and physiological activity. Many species of Auricularia auricula polysaccharides have been extracted, isolated, and purified by different methods, and their structures have been analyzed. Auricularia auricula polysaccharides have been proven to have beneficial effects on the human body, including slowing the aging process, controlling the intestinal system, and treating cardiovascular disorders. In this paper, the extraction, isolation, and purification of AAP from Auricularia auricula, as well as research in the field of medicine and healthcare, have pointed to the shortcomings and limitations of these methods. We also suggest future research directions for Auricularia auricula polysaccharides; standardized processing methods must be confirmed, and officially approved AAPs are needed for commercial applications. Finally, an optimistic outlook on the development of AAPs is given.
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