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Liu Y, Wang Y, Chen J, Wang N, Huang N, Yao H. Stereoselective Synthesis of β- S-Glycosides via Palladium Catalysis. J Org Chem 2024; 89:8815-8827. [PMID: 38835152 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
S-Glycosides are more resistant to enzymatic and chemical hydrolysis and exhibit higher metabolic stability than common O-glycosides, demonstrating their widespread application in biological research and drug development. In particular, β-S-glycosides are used as antirheumatic, anticancer, and antidiabetic drugs in clinical practice. However, the stereoselective synthesis of β-S-glycosides is still highly challenging. Herein, we report an effective β-S-glycosylation using 3-O-trichloroacetimidoyl glycal and thiols under mild conditions. The C3-imidate is designed to guide Pd to form a complex with glucal from the upper face, followed by Pd-S (thiols) coordination to realize β-stereoselectivity. This method demonstrates excellent compatibility with a broad scope of various thiol acceptors and glycal donors with yields up to 87% and a β/α ratio of up to 20:1. The present β-S-glycosylation strategy is used for late-stage functionalization of drugs/natural products such as estrone, zingerone, and thymol. Overall, this novel and simple operation approach provides a general and practical strategy for the construction of β-thioglycosides, which holds high potential in drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P. R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P. R. China
| | - Nengzhong Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P. R. China
- Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, Yichang 443007, P. R. China
| | - Nianyu Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P. R. China
- Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, Yichang 443007, P. R. China
| | - Hui Yao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P. R. China
- Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, Yichang 443007, P. R. China
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Yang W, Ramadan S, Zu Y, Sun M, Huang X, Yu B. Chemical synthesis and functional evaluation of glycopeptides and glycoproteins containing rare glycosyl amino acid linkages. Nat Prod Rep 2024. [PMID: 38888170 DOI: 10.1039/d4np00017j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Covering: 1987 to 2023Naturally existing glycoproteins through post-translational protein glycosylation are highly heterogeneous, which not only impedes the structure-function studies, but also hinders the development of their potential medical usage. Chemical synthesis represents one of the most powerful tools to provide the structurally well-defined glycoforms. Being the key step of glycoprotein synthesis, glycosylation usually takes place at serine, threonine, and asparagine residues, leading to the predominant formation of the O- and N-glycans, respectively. However, other amino acid residues containing oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and nucleophilic carbon atoms have also been found to be glycosylated. These diverse glycoprotein linkages, occurring from microorganisms to plants and animals, play also pivotal biological roles, such as in cell-cell recognition and communication. The availability of these homogenous rare glycopeptides and glycoproteins can help decipher the glyco-code for developing therapeutic agents. This review highlights the chemical approaches for assembly of the functional glycopeptides and glycoproteins bearing these "rare" carbohydrate-amino acid linkages between saccharide and canonical amino acid residues and their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhun Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China.
| | - Sherif Ramadan
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
| | - Yan Zu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China.
| | - Mengxia Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
| | - Biao Yu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Gu W, Huang J, Lu Y, Lin W, Xu W, Chen FJ. Synthesis of Glycoconjugates through Chlorooxime-Thiol Conjugation. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6364-6370. [PMID: 38650458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Introducing glycans represents an efficient chemical approach to improve the pharmacological properties of therapeutic biomolecules. Herein, we report an efficient synthesis of glycoconjugates through chlorooxime-thiol conjugation. The reactive glycosyl chlorooximes, derived from pyranoses or furanoses, readily couple to a wide range of thiol-containing substrates, including peptides, sugars, and thiophenols. This method features mild reaction conditions and fast kinetics. Capability for aqueous media and gram-scale synthesis demonstrates the potential of this method in the bioconjugation of saccharides with biologically active molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Gu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Jingrong Huang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Yichi Lu
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Wanzhen Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Fa-Jie Chen
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
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Bielski R, Mencer D. New syntheses of thiosaccharides utilizing substitution reactions. Carbohydr Res 2023; 532:108915. [PMID: 37597327 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Novel synthetic methods published since 2005 affording carbohydrates containing sulfur atom(s) are reviewed. The review is divided to subchapters based on the position of sulfur atom(s) in the sugar molecule. Only those methods that take advantage of substitution are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Bielski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA, 18766, United States; Chemventive, LLC Chadds Ford, PA, 19317, United States.
| | - Donald Mencer
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA, 18766, United States.
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5
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Chemical synthesis of oligosaccharides and their application in new drug research. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 249:115164. [PMID: 36758451 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Oligosaccharides are the ubiquitous molecules of life. In order to translate human bioglycosylation into clinical applications, homogeneous samples of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates can be obtained by chemical, enzymatic or other biological methods for systematic studies. However, the structural complexity and diversity of glycans and their conjugates present a major challenge for the synthesis of such molecules. This review summarizes the chemical synthesis methods of oligosaccharides, the application of oligosaccharides in the field of medicinal chemistry according to their related biological activities, and shows the great prospect of oligosaccharides in the field of pharmaceutical chemistry.
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Pillet L, Lim D, Almulhim N, Benítez-Mateos AI, Paradisi F. Novel triple mutant of an extremophilic glycosyl hydrolase enables the rapid synthesis of thioglycosides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:12118-12121. [PMID: 36226508 PMCID: PMC9609006 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04660a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
In order to expand the toolbox of enzymes available for thioglycoside synthesis, we describe here the first example of an extremophilic glycosyl hydrolase from Halothermothrix orenii (HorGH1) engineered towards thioglycosynthase activity with a novel combination of mutations. Using the triple mutant, HorGH1 M299R/E166A/E354G, a range of thioglycosides from glycosyl fluoride donors and aromatic thiols could be synthesised with exquisite stereoselectivity and good to excellent conversions (61-93%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauriane Pillet
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - David Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Nourah Almulhim
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ana I Benítez-Mateos
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Francesca Paradisi
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
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Azzam R, Gad NM, Elgemeie GH. Novel Thiophene Thioglycosides Substituted with the Benzothiazole Moiety: Synthesis, Characterization, Antiviral and Anticancer Evaluations, and NS3/4A and USP7 Enzyme Inhibitions. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:35656-35667. [PMID: 36249371 PMCID: PMC9557897 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Novel derivatives of benzothiazole-2-thiophene S-glycoside were synthesized and tested for their antiviral and anticancer potency and NS3/4A and USP7 enzyme inhibitions. The ring system was formed by first synthesizing new derivatives of 5-mercaptothiophene substituted with the benzothiazole moiety, followed by coupling with various halo sugar derivatives. New compounds were tested in vitro for the cytotoxic effect on five types of normal cell lines and for antiviral activity using a plaque reduction assay against CBV4, HSV-1, HCVcc genotype 4 viruses, HAV HM 175, and HAdV7. Notably, three compounds demonstrated substantial IC50, CC50, and SI values against HSV-1 with a viral reduction of 80% or more. Two substances have demonstrated a reduction of more than 50% in CBV4 and HCVcc viruses. The effectiveness of the compounds against HSV-1 and HCVcc was tested for their capability to inhibit NS3/4A protease and USP7 enzyme. Additionally, a panel of 60 human cancer cells was used to investigate the ability of the newly synthesized compounds to inhibit the in vitro tumor growth. The results revealed that two compounds, 6a and 6c, have an inhibitory effect on most cancer types, whereas 6d and 6f inhibited only three and two cell lines, respectively.
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Witte MD, Minnaard AJ. Site-Selective Modification of (Oligo)Saccharides. ACS Catal 2022; 12:12195-12205. [PMID: 36249871 PMCID: PMC9552177 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin D. Witte
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan J. Minnaard
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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9
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Werner M, Pampel J, Pham TL, Thomas F. Late‐Stage Functionalisation of Peptides on the Solid Phase by an Iodination‐Substitution Approach. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201339. [PMID: 35700354 PMCID: PMC9545490 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The functionalisation of peptides at a late synthesis stage holds great potential, for example, for the synthesis of peptide pharmaceuticals, fluorescent biosensors or peptidomimetics. Here we describe an on‐resin iodination‐substitution reaction sequence on homoserine that is also suitable for peptide modification in a combinatorial format. The reaction sequence is accessible to a wide range of sulfur nucleophiles with various functional groups including boronic acids, hydroxy groups or aromatic amines. In this way, methionine‐like thioethers or thioesters and thiosulfonates are accessible. Next to sulfur nucleophiles, selenols, pyridines and carboxylic acids were successfully used as nucleophiles, whereas phenols did not react. The late‐stage iodination‐substitution approach is not only applicable to short peptides but also to the more complex 34‐amino‐acid WW domains. We applied this strategy to introduce 7‐mercapto‐4‐methylcoumarin into a switchable ZnII responsive WW domain to design an iFRET‐based ZnII sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Werner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials (CAM) Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB) Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 364 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Julius Pampel
- Department of Chemical Biology Max Planck Institute for Medical Research Jahnstraße 29 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Truc Lam Pham
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials (CAM) Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Franziska Thomas
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials (CAM) Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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10
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Wen P, Jia P, Fan Q, McCarty BJ, Tang W. Streamlined Iterative Assembly of Thio-Oligosaccharides by Aqueous S-Glycosylation of Diverse Deoxythio Sugars. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102483. [PMID: 34911160 PMCID: PMC9100857 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A streamlined iterative assembly of thio-oligosaccharides was developed by aqueous glycosylation. Facile syntheses of various deoxythio sugars with the sulfur on different positions from commercially available starting materials were described. These syntheses featured efficient chemical methods including our recently reported BTM-catalyzed site-selective acylation. The resulting deoxythio sugars could then be used for the Ca(OH)2 -promoted protecting group-free S-glycosylation in water at room temperature. The aqueous glycosylation reaction proceeded smoothly to afford the corresponding 1,2-trans S-glycosides in good yields with high chemo- and stereoselectivity. An appropriate choice of protecting groups for the thiol in the glycosyl donor was necessary for the development of iterative synthesis of thio-oligosaccharides. The aqueous glycosylation was then applied to the synthesis of a trimannoside moiety of N-linked glycans core region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Peijing Jia
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Qiuhua Fan
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Bethany J McCarty
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Weiping Tang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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