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Hong J, He H, Xu Y, Wang S, Luo C. An integrative temperature-controlled microfluidic system for budding yeast heat shock response analysis at the single-cell level. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:3658-3667. [PMID: 38915274 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00313f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Cells can respond and adapt to complex forms of environmental change. Budding yeast is widely used as a model system for these stress response studies. In these studies, the precise control of the environment with high temporal resolution is most important. However, there is a lack of single-cell research platforms that enable precise control of the temperature and form of cell growth. This has hindered our understanding of cellular coping strategies in the face of diverse forms of temperature change. Here, we developed a novel temperature-controlled microfluidic platform that integrates a microheater (using liquid metal) and a thermocouple (liquid metal vs. conductive PDMS) on a chip. Three forms of temperature changes (step, gradient, and periodical oscillations) were realized by automated equipment. The platform has the advantages of low cost and a simple fabrication process. Moreover, we investigated the nuclear entry and exit behaviors of the transcription factor Msn2 in yeast in response to heat stress (37 °C) with different heating modes. The feasibility of this temperature-controlled platform for studying the protein dynamic behavior of yeast cells was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hong
- The State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao He
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinjia Xu
- The State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Shujing Wang
- The State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxiong Luo
- The State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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2
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Li Q, Zhang P, Ye Z, Zhang H, Sun X, Gui L. A liquid metal based, integrated parallel electroosmotic micropump cluster drive system. LAB ON A CHIP 2024. [PMID: 38263786 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00926b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The application of liquid metal in a microfluidic system enables the fabrication of highly integrated on-chip electroosmotic micropumps (EOPs). In this work, a low-voltage driveable integrated parallel EOP cluster drive system is proposed. This system consists of two layers, a branch-channel layer and a trunk-channel layer. The lower branch-channel layer contains separate parallel pumping channels and a pair of comb liquid metal electrodes. The separated branch channels are connected together through the trunk channels in the upper layer. With this structural arrangement, the parallel micropumps form an integrated micropump cluster for larger pumping capacity. The distance between the pumping channel and the electrode next to it is controlled to 20 μm. To guide the pump design, parametric studies are performed and fully discussed. According to the experimental results, the micropump cluster can be driven at a low voltage of 0.5 V, and the flow rate reaches 274 nL min-1 at 5 V. In addition, the paper finally proposes an electrode protection strategy and an integrated pump-valve drive system which is expected to solve the shortcoming of electroosmotic pumps in terms of long-time storage and driving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Liquid Metal and Cryogenic Biomedical Research Center, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, China.
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- Liquid Metal and Cryogenic Biomedical Research Center, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, China.
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zi Ye
- Liquid Metal and Cryogenic Biomedical Research Center, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Liquid Metal and Cryogenic Biomedical Research Center, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, China.
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Liquid Metal and Cryogenic Biomedical Research Center, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, China.
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lin Gui
- Liquid Metal and Cryogenic Biomedical Research Center, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, China.
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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3
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Wang D, Ye J, Bai Y, Yang F, Zhang J, Rao W, Liu J. Liquid Metal Combinatorics toward Materials Discovery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2303533. [PMID: 37417920 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Liquid metals and their derivatives provide several opportunities for fundamental and practical exploration worldwide. However, the increasing number of studies and shortage of desirable materials to fulfill different needs also pose serious challenges. Herein, to address this issue, a generalized theoretical frame that is termed as "Liquid Metal Combinatorics" (LMC) is systematically presented, and summarizes promising candidate technical routes toward new generation material discovery. The major categories of LMC are defined, and eight representative methods for manufacturing advanced materials are outlined. It is illustrated that abundant targeted materials can be efficiently designed and fabricated via LMC through deep physical combinations, chemical reactions, or both among the main bodies of liquid metals, surface chemicals, precipitated ions, and other materials. This represents a large class of powerful, reliable, and modular methods for innovating general materials. The achieved combinatorial materials not only maintained the typical characteristics of liquid metals but also displayed distinct tenability. Furthermore, the fabrication strategies, wide extensibility, and pivotal applications of LMC are classified. Finally, by interpreting the developmental trends in the area, a perspective on the LMC is provided, which warrants its promising future for society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Wang
- Liquid Metal and Cryogenic Biomedical Research Center, Beijing Key Lab of CryoBiomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jiao Ye
- Liquid Metal and Cryogenic Biomedical Research Center, Beijing Key Lab of CryoBiomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yunlong Bai
- Liquid Metal and Cryogenic Biomedical Research Center, Beijing Key Lab of CryoBiomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Liquid Metal and Cryogenic Biomedical Research Center, Beijing Key Lab of CryoBiomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Liquid Metal and Cryogenic Biomedical Research Center, Beijing Key Lab of CryoBiomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Rao
- Liquid Metal and Cryogenic Biomedical Research Center, Beijing Key Lab of CryoBiomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Liquid Metal and Cryogenic Biomedical Research Center, Beijing Key Lab of CryoBiomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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4
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Li Y, Zhang H, Li Q, Deng Y, Ye Z, Gui L. Texture-structure-based liquid metal filling for blind-end microchannels and its application on multi-layer chips. RSC Adv 2023; 13:24228-24236. [PMID: 37583671 PMCID: PMC10424060 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04497a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This research work reports a novel method to achieve fast liquid metal (LM) injection in blind-end microchannels which is especially suitable for multi-layer microfluidic chips. This method is based on a texture-like surface bonding technology. The texture-like surface is fabricated on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) slab with standard soft-lithography technology and bonded with another PDMS slab with microelectrode patterns on it. When injected with LM, the texture-like structure can prevent the LM from entering but allows the air inside to be released during the injection to achieve perfect blind-end complex LM electrodes. The experimental results show that it can achieve fast and perfect LM injection in the blind-end pattern and can also prevent the large area of the flat chamber from collapsing during bonding. We also parametrically studied the texture structure's size for bonding strength between the texture structure and the blank PDMS surface. In addition, we integrate three layers of blind-end complex liquid metal patterns into one multi-layer chip using this technology and later use this structure to realize series connection of two LM-based electroosmotic micropumps (EOP). Compared with the conventional LM-based EOP, the structure of the EOP chip was greatly simplified and resulted in a higher level of integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 10039 China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District Beijing 100190 China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 10039 China
| | - Qian Li
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District Beijing 100190 China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 10039 China
| | - Yuqin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 10039 China
| | - Zi Ye
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District Beijing 100190 China
| | - Lin Gui
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 10039 China
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5
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Li Q, Ye Z, Liu M, Liu W, Zhang P, Sun X, Zhang H, Li Z, Gui L. Precision enhanced alignment bonding technique with sacrificial strategy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1105154. [PMID: 36873376 PMCID: PMC9978516 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1105154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This work proposes an "N2-1" sacrificial strategy to help to improve the accuracy of the bonding technique from the existing level. The target micropattern is copied N2 times, and (N2-1) of them are sacrificed to obtain the most accurate alignment. Meanwhile, a method for manufacturing auxiliary solid alignment lines on transparent materials is proposed to visualize auxiliary marks and facilitate the alignment. Though the principle and procedure of alignment are straightforward, the alignment accuracy substantially improved compared to the original method. With this technique, we have successfully fabricated a high-precision 3D electroosmotic micropump just using a conventional desktop aligner. Because of the high precision during the alignment, the flow velocity is up to 435.62 μm/s at a driven voltage of 40 V, which far exceeds the previous similar reports. Thus, we believe that it has great potential for high precision microfluidic device fabrications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zi Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyang Liu
- Energy Storage and Novel Technology of Electrical Engineering Department, China Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Energy Storage and Novel Technology of Electrical Engineering Department, China Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenming Li
- Energy Storage and Novel Technology of Electrical Engineering Department, China Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Gui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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6
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Rutkowska KA, Sobotka P, Grom M, Baczyński S, Juchniewicz M, Marchlewicz K, Dybko A. A Novel Approach for the Creation of Electrically Controlled LC:PDMS Microstructures. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22114037. [PMID: 35684658 PMCID: PMC9185514 DOI: 10.3390/s22114037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This work presents research on unique optofluidic systems in the form of air channels fabricated in PDMS and infiltrated with liquid crystalline material. The proposed LC:PDMS structures represent an innovative solution due to the use of microchannel electrodes filled with a liquid metal alloy. The latter allows for the easy and dynamic reconfiguration of the system and eliminates technological issues experienced by other research groups. The paper discusses the design, fabrication, and testing methods for tunable LC:PDMS structures. Particular emphasis was placed on determining their properties after applying an external electric field, depending on the geometrical parameters of the system. The conclusions of the performed investigations may contribute to the definition of guidelines for both LC:PDMS devices and a new class of potential sensing elements utilizing polymers and liquid crystals in their structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna A. Rutkowska
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland; (P.S.); (M.G.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Piotr Sobotka
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland; (P.S.); (M.G.); (S.B.)
| | - Monika Grom
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland; (P.S.); (M.G.); (S.B.)
| | - Szymon Baczyński
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland; (P.S.); (M.G.); (S.B.)
| | - Marcin Juchniewicz
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies (CEZAMAT), Warsaw University of Technology, Poleczki 19, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Kasper Marchlewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (K.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Artur Dybko
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (K.M.); (A.D.)
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7
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Ye Z, Li Q, Zhang R, Zhang P, Gui L. Fabrication of a thin PDMS film with complex liquid metal electrodes embedded and its application as skin sensors. RSC Adv 2022; 12:8290-8299. [PMID: 35424781 PMCID: PMC8984868 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra09394k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultra-thin PDMS films with complex liquid metal patterns embedded. The thickness is as thin as 119 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Ye
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Qian Li
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Renchang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Lin Gui
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
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