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Zhu Z, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Tang D, Zhang S, Wang L, Zou X, Ni Z, Zhang S, Lv Y, Xiang N. High-throughput enrichment of portal venous circulating tumor cells for highly sensitive diagnosis of CA19-9-negative pancreatic cancer patients using inertial microfluidics. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 259:116411. [PMID: 38781696 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) is commonly used as a representative biomarker for pancreatic cancer (PC); however, it lacks sensitivity and specificity for early-stage PC diagnosis. Furthermore, some patients with PC are negative for CA19-9 (<37 U/mL), which introduces additional limitations to their accurate diagnosis and treatment. Hence, improved methods to accurately detect PC stages in CA19-9-negative patients are warranted. In this study, tumor-proximal liquid biopsy and inertial microfluidics were coupled to enable high-throughput enrichment of portal venous circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and support the effective diagnosis of patients with early-stage PC. The proposed inertial microfluidic system was shown to provide size-based enrichment of CTCs using inertial focusing and Dean flow effects in slanted spiral channels. Notably, portal venous blood samples were found to have twice the yield of CTCs (21.4 cells per 5 mL) compared with peripheral blood (10.9 CTCs per 5 mL). A combination of peripheral and portal CTC data along with CA19-9 results showed to greatly improve the average accuracy of CA19-9-negative PC patients from 47.1% with regular CA19-9 tests up to 87.1%. Hence, portal venous CTC-based microfluidic biopsy can be used with high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of early-stage PC, particularly in CA19-9-negative patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixian Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Yixuan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, No.321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China; Nanjing University Institute of Pancreatology, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, No.321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dezhi Tang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, No.321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China; Nanjing University Institute of Pancreatology, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, No.321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China; Nanjing University Institute of Pancreatology, China
| | - Xiaoping Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, No.321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China; Nanjing University Institute of Pancreatology, China
| | - Zhonghua Ni
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, No.321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China; Nanjing University Institute of Pancreatology, China.
| | - Ying Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, No.321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China; Nanjing University Institute of Pancreatology, China.
| | - Nan Xiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
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2
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Park C, Lim W, Song R, Han J, You D, Kim S, Lee JE, van Noort D, Mandenius CF, Lee J, Hyun KA, Jung HI, Park S. Efficient separation of large particles and giant cancer cells using an isosceles trapezoidal spiral microchannel. Analyst 2024; 149:4496-4505. [PMID: 39049608 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00750f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) contribute to the genetic heterogeneity and evolutionary dynamics of tumors. Their size, however, complicates their isolation from mainstream tumor cell populations. Standard techniques like fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) rely on fluorescent labeling, introducing potential challenges in subsequent PGCC analyses. In response, we developed the Isosceles Trapezoidal Spiral Microchannel (ITSμC), a microfluidic device optimizing the Dean drag force (FD) and exploiting uniform vortices for enhanced separation. Numerical simulations highlighted ITSμC's advantage in producing robust FD compared to rectangular and standard trapezoidal channels. Empirical results confirmed its ability to segregate larger polystyrene (PS) particles (avg. diameter: 50 μm) toward the inner wall, while directing smaller ones (avg. diameter: 23 μm) outward. Utilizing ITSμC, we efficiently isolated PGCCs from doxorubicin-resistant triple-negative breast cancer (DOXR-TNBC) and patient-derived cancer (PDC) cells, achieving outstanding purity, yield, and viability rates (all greater than 90%). This precision was accomplished without fluorescent markers, and the versatility of ITSμC suggests its potential in differentiating a wide range of heterogeneous cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanyong Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Wanyoung Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Ryungeun Song
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Jeonghun Han
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Daeun You
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Seoul 06355, Korea
| | - Sangmin Kim
- Department of Breast Cancer Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Jeong Eon Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Seoul 06355, Korea
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medi-cine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Danny van Noort
- Division of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden
| | - Carl-Fredrik Mandenius
- Division of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden
| | - Jinkee Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Korea.
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics (IQB), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Kyung-A Hyun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hyo-Il Jung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Sungsu Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Korea
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics (IQB), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Korea
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3
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Jeon H, Perez CR, Kyung T, Birnbaum ME, Han J. Separation of Activated T Cells Using Multidimensional Double Spiral (MDDS) Inertial Microfluidics for High-Efficiency CAR T Cell Manufacturing. Anal Chem 2024; 96:10780-10790. [PMID: 38889002 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
This study introduces a T cell enrichment process, capitalizing on the size differences between activated and unactivated T cells to facilitate the isolation of activated, transducible T cells. By employing multidimensional double spiral (MDDS) inertial sorting, our approach aims to remove unactivated or not fully activated T cells post-activation, consequently enhancing the efficiency of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell manufacturing. Our findings reveal that incorporating a simple, label-free, and continuous MDDS sorting step yields a purer T cell population, exhibiting significantly enhanced viability and CAR-transducibility (with up to 85% removal of unactivated T cells and approximately 80% recovery of activated T cells); we found approximately 2-fold increase in CAR transduction efficiency for a specific sample, escalating from ∼10% to ∼20%, but this efficiency highly depends on the original T cell sample as MDDS sorting would be more effective for samples possessing a higher proportion of unactivated T cells. This new cell separation process could augment the efficiency, yield, and cost-effectiveness of CAR T cell manufacturing, potentially broadening the accessibility of this transformative therapy and contributing to improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungkook Jeon
- Department of Manufacturing Systems and Design Engineering (MSDE), Seoul National University of Science and Technology (SEOULTECH), 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Michael E Birnbaum
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalized-Medicine (CAMP) IRG, 1 CREATE Way, No. 04-13/14 Enterprise Wing, 138602, Singapore
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jongyoon Han
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalized-Medicine (CAMP) IRG, 1 CREATE Way, No. 04-13/14 Enterprise Wing, 138602, Singapore
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4
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Peng T, Qiang J, Yuan S. Sheathless inertial particle focusing methods within microfluidic devices: a review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 11:1331968. [PMID: 38260735 PMCID: PMC10801244 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1331968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The ability to manipulate and focus particles within microscale fluidic environments is crucial to advancing biological, chemical, and medical research. Precise and high-throughput particle focusing is an essential prerequisite for various applications, including cell counting, biomolecular detection, sample sorting, and enhancement of biosensor functionalities. Active and sheath-assisted focusing techniques offer accuracy but necessitate the introduction of external energy fields or additional sheath flows. In contrast, passive focusing methods exploit the inherent fluid dynamics in achieving high-throughput focusing without external actuation. This review analyzes the latest developments in strategies of sheathless inertial focusing, emphasizing inertial and elasto-inertial microfluidic focusing techniques from the channel structure classifications. These methodologies will serve as pivotal benchmarks for the broader application of microfluidic focusing technologies in biological sample manipulation. Then, prospects for future development are also predicted. This paper will assist in the understanding of the design of microfluidic particle focusing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Peng
- Zhuhai UM Science & Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jun Qiang
- The School of Mechanical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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5
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Akbari Z, Raoufi MA, Mirjalali S, Aghajanloo B. A review on inertial microfluidic fabrication methods. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2023; 17:051504. [PMID: 37869745 PMCID: PMC10589053 DOI: 10.1063/5.0163970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, there has been significant interest in inertial microfluidics due to its high throughput, ease of fabrication, and no need for external forces. The focusing efficiency of inertial microfluidic systems relies entirely on the geometrical features of microchannels because hydrodynamic forces (inertial lift forces and Dean drag forces) are the main driving forces in inertial microfluidic devices. In the past few years, novel microchannel structures have been propounded to improve particle manipulation efficiency. However, the fabrication of these unconventional structures has remained a serious challenge. Although researchers have pushed forward the frontiers of microfabrication technologies, the fabrication techniques employed for inertial microfluidics have not been discussed comprehensively. This review introduces the microfabrication approaches used for creating inertial microchannels, including photolithography, xurography, laser cutting, micromachining, microwire technique, etching, hot embossing, 3D printing, and injection molding. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods have also been discussed. Then, the techniques are reviewed regarding resolution, structures, cost, and materials. This review provides a thorough insight into the manufacturing methods of inertial microchannels, which could be helpful for future studies to improve the harvesting yield and resolution by choosing a proper fabrication technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Akbari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Sheyda Mirjalali
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Behrouz Aghajanloo
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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6
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Xu S, Liu Y, Yang Y, Zhang K, Liang W, Xu Z, Wu Y, Luo J, Zhuang C, Cai X. Recent Progress and Perspectives on Neural Chip Platforms Integrating PDMS-Based Microfluidic Devices and Microelectrode Arrays. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:709. [PMID: 37420942 DOI: 10.3390/mi14040709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed a spurt of progress in the application of the encoding and decoding of neural activities to drug screening, diseases diagnosis, and brain-computer interactions. To overcome the constraints of the complexity of the brain and the ethical considerations of in vivo research, neural chip platforms integrating microfluidic devices and microelectrode arrays have been raised, which can not only customize growth paths for neurons in vitro but also monitor and modulate the specialized neural networks grown on chips. Therefore, this article reviews the developmental history of chip platforms integrating microfluidic devices and microelectrode arrays. First, we review the design and application of advanced microelectrode arrays and microfluidic devices. After, we introduce the fabrication process of neural chip platforms. Finally, we highlight the recent progress on this type of chip platform as a research tool in the field of brain science and neuroscience, focusing on neuropharmacology, neurological diseases, and simplified brain models. This is a detailed and comprehensive review of neural chip platforms. This work aims to fulfill the following three goals: (1) summarize the latest design patterns and fabrication schemes of such platforms, providing a reference for the development of other new platforms; (2) generalize several important applications of chip platforms in the field of neurology, which will attract the attention of scientists in the field; and (3) propose the developmental direction of neural chip platforms integrating microfluidic devices and microelectrode arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yaoyao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhaojie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yirong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinping Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chengyu Zhuang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rujing Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xinxia Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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7
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Hettiarachchi S, Cha H, Ouyang L, Mudugamuwa A, An H, Kijanka G, Kashaninejad N, Nguyen NT, Zhang J. Recent microfluidic advances in submicron to nanoparticle manipulation and separation. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:982-1010. [PMID: 36367456 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00793b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation and separation of submicron and nanoparticles are indispensable in many chemical, biological, medical, and environmental applications. Conventional technologies such as ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration, size exclusion chromatography, precipitation and immunoaffinity capture are limited by high cost, low resolution, low purity or the risk of damage to biological particles. Microfluidics can accurately control fluid flow in channels with dimensions of tens of micrometres. Rapid microfluidics advancement has enabled precise sorting and isolating of nanoparticles with better resolution and efficiency than conventional technologies. This paper comprehensively studies the latest progress in microfluidic technology for submicron and nanoparticle manipulation. We first summarise the principles of the traditional techniques for manipulating nanoparticles. Following the classification of microfluidic techniques as active, passive, and hybrid approaches, we elaborate on the physics, device design, working mechanism and applications of each technique. We also compare the merits and demerits of different microfluidic techniques and benchmark them with conventional technologies. Concurrently, we summarise seven standard post-separation detection techniques for nanoparticles. Finally, we discuss current challenges and future perspectives on microfluidic technology for nanoparticle manipulation and separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samith Hettiarachchi
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Haotian Cha
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Lingxi Ouyang
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | | | - Hongjie An
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Gregor Kijanka
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Navid Kashaninejad
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
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8
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Xiang N, Ni Z. Inertial microfluidics: current status, challenges, and future opportunities. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:4792-4804. [PMID: 36263793 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00722c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Inertial microfluidics uses the hydrodynamic effects induced at finite Reynolds numbers to achieve passive manipulation of particles, cells, or fluids and offers the advantages of high-throughput processing, simple channel geometry, and label-free and external field-free operation. Since its proposal in 2007, inertial microfluidics has attracted increasing interest and is currently widely employed as an important sample preparation protocol for single-cell detection and analysis. Although great success has been achieved in the inertial microfluidics field, its performance and outcome can be further improved. From this perspective, herein, we reviewed the current status, challenges, and opportunities of inertial microfluidics concerning the underlying physical mechanisms, available simulation tools, channel innovation, multistage, multiplexing, or multifunction integration, rapid prototyping, and commercial instrument development. With an improved understanding of the physical mechanisms and the development of novel channels, integration strategies, and commercial instruments, improved inertial microfluidic platforms may represent a new foundation for advancing biomedical research and disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Zhonghua Ni
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
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9
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Xu X, Huang X, Sun J, Chen J, Wu G, Yao Y, Zhou N, Wang S, Sun L. 3D-Stacked Multistage Inertial Microfluidic Chip for High-Throughput Enrichment of Circulating Tumor Cells. CYBORG AND BIONIC SYSTEMS 2022; 2022:9829287. [PMID: 38645277 PMCID: PMC11030111 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9829287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether for cancer diagnosis or single-cell analysis, it remains a major challenge to isolate the target sample cells from a large background cell for high-efficiency downstream detection and analysis in an integrated chip. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a 3D-stacked multistage inertial microfluidic sorting chip for high-throughput enrichment of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and convenient downstream analysis. In this chip, the first stage is a spiral channel with a trapezoidal cross-section, which has better separation performance than a spiral channel with a rectangular cross-section. The second and third stages adopt symmetrical square serpentine channels with different rectangular cross-section widths for further separation and enrichment of sample cells reducing the outlet flow rate for easier downstream detection and analysis. The multistage channel can separate 5 μm and 15 μm particles with a separation efficiency of 92.37% and purity of 98.10% at a high inlet flow rate of 1.3 mL/min. Meanwhile, it can separate tumor cells (SW480, A549, and Caki-1) from massive red blood cells (RBCs) with a separation efficiency of >80%, separation purity of >90%, and a concentration fold of ~20. The proposed work is aimed at providing a high-throughput sample processing system that can be easily integrated with flowing sample detection methods for rapid CTC analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018 Zhejiang, China
| | - X. Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018 Zhejiang, China
| | - J. Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018 Zhejiang, China
| | - J. Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018 Zhejiang, China
| | - G. Wu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029 Zhejiang, China
| | - Y. Yao
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024 Zhejiang, China
| | - N. Zhou
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024 Zhejiang, China
| | - S. Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029 Zhejiang, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - L. Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018 Zhejiang, China
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10
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A Continuous Microfluidic Concentrator for High-Sensitivity Detection of Bacteria in Water Sources. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13071093. [PMID: 35888910 PMCID: PMC9324615 DOI: 10.3390/mi13071093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Water contamination is a critical issue that threatens global public health. To enable the rapid and precise monitoring of pathogen contamination in drinking water, a concentration technique for bacterial cells is required to address the limitations of current detection methods, including the culture method and polymerase chain reaction. Here we present a viscoelastic microfluidic device for the continuous concentration of bacterial cells. To validate the device performance for cell concentration, the flow characteristics of 2-μm particles were estimated in viscoelastic fluids at different concentrations and flow rates. Based on the particle flow distributions, the flow rate factor, which is defined as the ratio of the inlet flow rate to the outlet flow rate at the center outlet, was optimized to achieve highly concentrated bacterial cells by removal of the additional suspending medium. The flow characteristics of 0.5-, 0.7-, and 1.0-μm-diameter particles were evaluated to consider the effect of a wide spectrum of bacterial size distribution. Finally, the concentration factor of bacterial cells, Staphylococcus aureus, suspended in a 2000-ppm polyethylene oxide solution was found to be 20.6-fold at a flow rate of 20 μL/min and a flow rate factor of 40.
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11
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Jeon H, Wei M, Huang X, Yao J, Han W, Wang R, Xu X, Chen J, Sun L, Han J. Rapid and Label-Free Classification of Blood Leukocytes for Immune State Monitoring. Anal Chem 2022; 94:6394-6402. [PMID: 35416029 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A fully automated and label-free sample-to-answer white blood cell (WBC) cytometry platform for rapid immune state monitoring is demonstrated. The platform integrates (1) a WBC separation process using the multidimensional double spiral (MDDS) device and (2) an imaging process where images of the separated WBCs are captured and analyzed. Using the deep-learning-based image processing technique, we analyzed the captured bright-field images to classify the WBCs into their subtypes. Furthermore, in addition to cell classification, we can detect activation-induced morphological changes in WBCs for functional immune assessment, which could allow the early detection of various diseases. The integrated platform operates in a rapid (<30 min), fully automated, and label-free manner. The platform could provide a promising solution to future point-of-care WBC diagnostics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungkook Jeon
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Maoyu Wei
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of RF Circuits and Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiwei Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of RF Circuits and Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jiangfan Yao
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of RF Circuits and Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Wentao Han
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of RF Circuits and Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Renjie Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of RF Circuits and Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xuefeng Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of RF Circuits and Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of RF Circuits and Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Lingling Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of RF Circuits and Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jongyoon Han
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Jeon H, Cremers C, Le D, Abell J, Han J. Multi-dimensional-double-spiral (MDDS) inertial microfluidic platform for sperm isolation directly from the raw semen sample. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4212. [PMID: 35273303 PMCID: PMC8913683 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08042-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we propose a fully-automated platform using a spiral inertial microfluidic device for standardized semen preparation that can process patient-derived semen samples with diverse fluidic conditions without any pre-washing steps. We utilized the multi-dimensional double spiral (MDDS) device to effectively isolate sperm cells from other non-sperm seminal cells (e.g., leukocytes) in the semen sample. The recirculation platform was employed to minimize sample dependency and achieve highly purified and concentrated (up to tenfold) sperm cells in a rapid and fully-automated manner (~ 10 min processing time for 50 mL of diluted semen sample). The clinical (raw) semen samples obtained from healthy donors were directly used without any pre-washing step to evaluate the developed separation platform, which showed excellent performance with ~ 80% of sperm cell recovery, and > 99.95% and > 98% removal of 10-μm beads (a surrogate for leukocytes) from low-viscosity and high-viscosity semen samples, respectively. We expect that the novel platform will be an efficient and automated tool to achieve purified sperm cells directly from raw semen samples for assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) as an alternative to density centrifugation or swim-up methods, which often suffer from the low recovery of sperm cells and labor-intensive steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungkook Jeon
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Claudia Cremers
- Ohana Biosciences, 20 Acorn Park Dr, Cambridge, MA, 02140, USA
| | - Doris Le
- Ohana Biosciences, 20 Acorn Park Dr, Cambridge, MA, 02140, USA
| | - Justin Abell
- Ohana Biosciences, 20 Acorn Park Dr, Cambridge, MA, 02140, USA
| | - Jongyoon Han
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA. .,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA. .,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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