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Wang J, Shou J, Liu D, Yao Y, Qian Q, Wang Z, Ren J, Zhang B, Chen H, Yu Y, He Z, Zhou N. 3D Printing of Metals with sub-10 µm Resolution. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2406518. [PMID: 39183518 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202406518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
The ability to manufacture 3D metallic architectures with microscale resolution is greatly pursued because of their diverse applications in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) including microelectronics, mechanical metamaterials, and biomedical devices. However, the well-developed photolithography and emerging metal additive manufacturing technologies have limited abilities in manufacturing micro-scaled metallic structures with freeform 3D geometries. Here, for the first time, the high-fidelity fabrication of arbitrary metallic motifs with sub-10 µm resolution is achieved by employing an embedded-writing embedded-sintering (EWES) process. A paraffin wax-based supporting matrix with high thermal stability is developed, which permits the printed silver nanoparticle ink to be pre-sintered at 175 °C to form metallic green bodies. Via carefully regulating the matrix components, the printing resolution is tuned down to ≈7 µm. The green bodies are then embedded in a supporting salt bath and further sintered to realize freeform 3D silver motifs with great structure fidelity. 3D printing of various micro-scaled silver architectures is demonstrated such as micro-spring arrays, BCC lattices, horn antenna, and rotatable windmills. This method can be extended to the high-fidelity 3D printing of other metals and metal oxides which require high-temperature sintering, providing the pathways toward the design and fabrication of 3D MEMS with complex geometries and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizhe Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, Research Center for Industries of the Future and School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, P. R. China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, P. R. China
| | - Jiajun Shou
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, Research Center for Industries of the Future and School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, P. R. China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, P. R. China
| | - Dongna Liu
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, Research Center for Industries of the Future and School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, P. R. China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, Research Center for Industries of the Future and School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, P. R. China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, P. R. China
| | - Qilin Qian
- School of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, Research Center for Industries of the Future and School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, P. R. China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, P. R. China
| | - Jingbo Ren
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, Research Center for Industries of the Future and School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, P. R. China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, P. R. China
| | - Boyu Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Hehao Chen
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, Research Center for Industries of the Future and School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, P. R. China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, P. R. China
| | - Yetian Yu
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, Research Center for Industries of the Future and School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, P. R. China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, P. R. China
| | - Ziyi He
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, Research Center for Industries of the Future and School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, P. R. China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, P. R. China
| | - Nanjia Zhou
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, Research Center for Industries of the Future and School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, P. R. China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, P. R. China
- Enovate 3D (Hangzhou) Technology Development CO., LTD., 2-606, No. 6 Lianhui Street, Xixing Sub-district, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310051, China
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Lou F, Wang S, Han B, Li Q, Tang D. Portable photoelectrochemical immunoassay with micro-electro-mechanical-system for alpha-fetoprotein in hepatocellular carcinoma. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1298:342411. [PMID: 38462335 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Early detection of cancer has a profound impact on patient survival and treatment outcomes considering high treatment success rates and reduced treatment complexity. Here, we developed a portable photoelectrochemical (PEC) immune platform for sensitive testing of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) based on Pt nanocluster (Pt NCs) loaded defective-state g-C3N4 photon-electron transducers. The broad forbidden band structure of g-C3N4 was optimized by the nitrogen doping strategy and additional homogeneous porous structure was introduced to further enhance the photon utilization. In addition, the in-situ growth of Pt NCs provided efficient electron transfer catalytic sites for sacrificial agents, which were used to further improve the sensitivity of the sensor. Efficient photoelectric conversion under a hand-held flashlight was determined by the geometry of the transducer and the energy band design, and the portable design of the PEC sensor was realized. The developed sensing platform exhibited a wide linear response range (0.1-50 ng mL-1) and low limit of detection (0.043 ng mL-1) for AFP under optimum conditions. This work provides a new idea for designing portable PEC biosensing platforms to meet the current mainstream POC testing needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangming Lou
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 445000, Hubei, PR China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease Occurrence and Intervention, Enshi, 445000, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Shaojie Wang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 445000, Hubei, PR China
| | - Bo Han
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 445000, Hubei, PR China
| | - Qunfang Li
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 445000, Hubei, PR China
| | - Dianping Tang
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology (MOE & Fujian Province), Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, PR China
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Zhou S, Zhao Y, Xun Y, Wei Z, Yang Y, Yan W, Ding J. Programmable and Modularized Gas Sensor Integrated by 3D Printing. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3608-3643. [PMID: 38498933 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The rapid advancement of intelligent manufacturing technology has enabled electronic equipment to achieve synergistic design and programmable optimization through computer-aided engineering. Three-dimensional (3D) printing, with the unique characteristics of near-net-shape forming and mold-free fabrication, serves as an effective medium for the materialization of digital designs into usable devices. This methodology is particularly applicable to gas sensors, where performance can be collaboratively optimized by the tailored design of each internal module including composition, microstructure, and architecture. Meanwhile, diverse 3D printing technologies can realize modularized fabrication according to the application requirements. The integration of artificial intelligence software systems further facilitates the output of precise and dependable signals. Simultaneously, the self-learning capabilities of the system also promote programmable optimization for the hardware, fostering continuous improvement of gas sensors for dynamic environments. This review investigates the latest studies on 3D-printed gas sensor devices and relevant components, elucidating the technical features and advantages of different 3D printing processes. A general testing framework for the performance evaluation of customized gas sensors is proposed. Additionally, it highlights the superiority and challenges of programmable and modularized gas sensors, providing a comprehensive reference for material adjustments, structure design, and process modifications for advanced gas sensor devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixiang Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Yijing Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Yanran Xun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Zhicheng Wei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Yong Yang
- Temasek Laboratories, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, 117411, Singapore
| | - Wentao Yan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575, Singapore
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Chen H, Wang J, Peng S, Liu D, Yan W, Shang X, Zhang B, Yao Y, Hui Y, Zhou N. A Generalized Polymer Precursor Ink Design for 3D Printing of Functional Metal Oxides. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:180. [PMID: 37439950 PMCID: PMC10344857 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01147-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional-structured metal oxides have myriad applications for optoelectronic devices. Comparing to conventional lithography-based manufacturing methods which face significant challenges for 3D device architectures, additive manufacturing approaches such as direct ink writing offer convenient, on-demand manufacturing of 3D oxides with high resolutions down to sub-micrometer scales. However, the lack of a universal ink design strategy greatly limits the choices of printable oxides. Here, a universal, facile synthetic strategy is developed for direct ink writable polymer precursor inks based on metal-polymer coordination effect. Specifically, polyethyleneimine functionalized by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid is employed as the polymer matrix for adsorbing targeted metal ions. Next, glucose is introduced as a crosslinker for endowing the polymer precursor inks with a thermosetting property required for 3D printing via the Maillard reaction. For demonstrations, binary (i.e., ZnO, CuO, In2O3, Ga2O3, TiO2, and Y2O3) and ternary metal oxides (i.e., BaTiO3 and SrTiO3) are printed into 3D architectures with sub-micrometer resolution by extruding the inks through ultrafine nozzles. Upon thermal crosslinking and pyrolysis, the 3D microarchitectures with woodpile geometries exhibit strong light-matter coupling in the mid-infrared region. The design strategy for printable inks opens a new pathway toward 3D-printed optoelectronic devices based on functional oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hehao Chen
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Jizhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Siying Peng
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongna Liu
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yan
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinggang Shang
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, People's Republic of China
| | - Boyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Hui
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - Nanjia Zhou
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, People's Republic of China.
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Yu Z, Qiu C, Huang L, Gao Y, Tang D. Microelectromechanical Microsystems-Supported Photothermal Immunoassay for Point-of-Care Testing of Aflatoxin B1 in Foodstuff. Anal Chem 2023; 95:4212-4219. [PMID: 36780374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Accurate identification of acutely toxic and low-fatality mycotoxins on a large scale in a quick and cheap manner is critical for reducing population mortality. Herein, a portable photothermal immunosensing platform supported by a microelectromechanical microsystem (MEMS) without enzyme involvement was reported for point-of-care testing of mycotoxins (in the case of aflatoxin B1, AFB1) in food based on the precise satellite structure of Au nanoparticles. The synthesized Au nanoparticles with a well-defined, graded satellite structure exhibited a significantly enhanced photothermal response and were coupled by AFB1 antibodies to form signal conversion probes by physisorption for further target-promoted competitive responses in microplates. In addition, a coin-sized miniature NIR camera device was constructed for temperature acquisition during target testing based on advanced MEMS fabrication technology to address the limitation of expensive signal acquisition components of current photothermal sensors. The proposed MEMS readout-based microphotothermal test method provides excellent AFB1 response in the range of 0.5-500 ng g-1 with detection limits as low as 0.27 ng g-1. In addition, the main reasons for the efficient photothermal transduction efficiency of Au with different graded structures were analyzed by finite element simulations, providing theoretical guidance for the development of new Au-based photothermal agents. In conclusion, the proposed portable micro-photothermal test system offers great potential for point-of-care diagnostics for residents, which will continue to facilitate immediate food safety identification in resource-limited regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology (MOE & Fujian Province), Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Chicheng Qiu
- Zijin School of Geology and Mining, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingting Huang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology (MOE & Fujian Province), Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology (MOE & Fujian Province), Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Dianping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology (MOE & Fujian Province), Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
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High-resolution 3D printing for healthcare. 3D Print Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-89831-7.00013-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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Ding X, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Ding X, Zhang H, Cao T, Qu ZB, Ren J, Li L, Guo Z, Xu F, Wang QX, Wu X, Shi G, Haick H, Zhang M. Modular Assembly of MXene Frameworks for Noninvasive Disease Diagnosis via Urinary Volatiles. ACS NANO 2022; 16:17376-17388. [PMID: 36227058 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in urine are valuable biomarkers for noninvasive disease diagnosis. Herein, a facile coordination-driven modular assembly strategy is used for developing a library of gas-sensing materials based on porous MXene frameworks (MFs). Taking advantage of modules with diverse composition and tunable structure, our MFs-based library can provide more choices to satisfy gas-sensing demands. Meanwhile, the laser-induced graphene interdigital electrodes array and microchamber are laser-engraved for the assembly of a microchamber-hosted MF (MHMF) e-nose. Our MHMF e-nose possesses high-discriminative pattern recognition for simultaneous sensing and distinguishing of complex VOCs. Furthermore, with the MHMF e-nose being a plug-and-play module, a point-of-care testing (POCT) platform is modularly assembled for wireless and real-time monitoring of urinary volatiles from clinical samples. By virtue of machine learning, our POCT platform achieves noninvasive diagnosis of multiple diseases with a high accuracy of 91.7%, providing a favorable opportunity for early disease diagnosis, disease course monitoring, and relevant research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyin Ding
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, Engineering Research Centre for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yecheng Zhang
- College of Architecture and Art, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Bengbu Medical University, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Xufa Ding
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Hanxin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, Engineering Research Centre for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Tian Cao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, Engineering Research Centre for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhi-Bei Qu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jing Ren
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, Engineering Research Centre for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Zhijun Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201499, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201499, China
| | - Qi-Xian Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xing Wu
- School of Communication and Electronic Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Guoyue Shi
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, Engineering Research Centre for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Hossam Haick
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 320003 Haifa, Israel
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, Engineering Research Centre for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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