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Artuk K, Turkay D, Mensi MD, Steele JA, Jacobs DA, Othman M, Yu Chin X, Moon SJ, Tiwari AN, Hessler-Wyser A, Jeangros Q, Ballif C, Wolff CM. A Universal Perovskite/C60 Interface Modification via Atomic Layer Deposited Aluminum Oxide for Perovskite Solar Cells and Perovskite-Silicon Tandems. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311745. [PMID: 38300183 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The primary performance limitation in inverted perovskite-based solar cells is the interface between the fullerene-based electron transport layers and the perovskite. Atomic layer deposited thin aluminum oxide (AlOX) interlayers that reduce nonradiative recombination at the perovskite/C60 interface are developed, resulting in >60 millivolts improvement in open-circuit voltage and 1% absolute improvement in power conversion efficiency. Surface-sensitive characterizations indicate the presence of a thin, conformally deposited AlOx layer, functioning as a passivating contact. These interlayers work universally using different lead-halide-based absorbers with different compositions where the 1.55 electron volts bandgap single junction devices reach >23% power conversion efficiency. A reduction of metallic Pb0 is found and the compact layer prevents in- and egress of volatile species, synergistically improving the stability. AlOX-modified wide-bandgap perovskite absorbers as a top cell in a monolithic perovskite-silicon tandem enable a certified power conversion efficiency of 29.9% and open-circuit voltages above 1.92 volts for 1.17 square centimeters device area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerem Artuk
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Electrical and Microengineering (IEM), Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Electronics Laboratory (PV-Lab), Rue de la Maladière 71b, Neuchâtel, 2002, Switzerland
| | - Deniz Turkay
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Electrical and Microengineering (IEM), Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Electronics Laboratory (PV-Lab), Rue de la Maladière 71b, Neuchâtel, 2002, Switzerland
| | - Mounir D Mensi
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL-VS), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC-XRDSAP), Rue de L'Industrie 17, Sion, 1951, Switzerland
| | - Julian A Steele
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Daniel A Jacobs
- Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique (CSEM), Rue Jaquet-Droz 1, Neuchâtel, 2002, Switzerland
| | - Mostafa Othman
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Electrical and Microengineering (IEM), Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Electronics Laboratory (PV-Lab), Rue de la Maladière 71b, Neuchâtel, 2002, Switzerland
| | - Xin Yu Chin
- Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique (CSEM), Rue Jaquet-Droz 1, Neuchâtel, 2002, Switzerland
| | - Soo-Jin Moon
- Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique (CSEM), Rue Jaquet-Droz 1, Neuchâtel, 2002, Switzerland
| | - Ayodhya N Tiwari
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 129, Duebendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Aïcha Hessler-Wyser
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Electrical and Microengineering (IEM), Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Electronics Laboratory (PV-Lab), Rue de la Maladière 71b, Neuchâtel, 2002, Switzerland
| | - Quentin Jeangros
- Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique (CSEM), Rue Jaquet-Droz 1, Neuchâtel, 2002, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Ballif
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Electrical and Microengineering (IEM), Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Electronics Laboratory (PV-Lab), Rue de la Maladière 71b, Neuchâtel, 2002, Switzerland
- Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique (CSEM), Rue Jaquet-Droz 1, Neuchâtel, 2002, Switzerland
| | - Christian M Wolff
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Electrical and Microengineering (IEM), Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Electronics Laboratory (PV-Lab), Rue de la Maladière 71b, Neuchâtel, 2002, Switzerland
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Li Y, Wang Y, Xu Z, Peng B, Li X. Key Roles of Interfaces in Inverted Metal-Halide Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS NANO 2024; 18:10688-10725. [PMID: 38600721 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Metal-halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs), an emerging technology for transforming solar energy into a clean source of electricity, have reached efficiency levels comparable to those of commercial silicon cells. Compared with other types of PSCs, inverted perovskite solar cells (IPSCs) have shown promise with regard to commercialization due to their facile fabrication and excellent optoelectronic properties. The interlayer interfaces play an important role in the performance of perovskite cells, not only affecting charge transfer and transport, but also acting as a barrier against oxygen and moisture permeation. Herein, we describe and summarize the last three years of studies that summarize the advantages of interface engineering-based advances for the commercialization of IPSCs. This review includes a brief introduction of the structure and working principle of IPSCs, and analyzes how interfaces affect the performance of IPSC devices from the perspective of photovoltaic performance and device lifetime. In addition, a comprehensive summary of various interface engineering approaches to solving these problems and challenges in IPSCs, including the use of interlayers, interface modification, defect passivation, and others, is summarized. Moreover, based upon current developments and breakthroughs, fundamental and engineering perspectives on future commercialization pathways are provided for the innovation and design of next-generation IPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Systems Science in Metallurgical Process, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Systems Science in Metallurgical Process, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Zichao Xu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Systems Science in Metallurgical Process, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Systems Science in Metallurgical Process, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Xifei Li
- Key Materials & Components of Electrical Vehicles for Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation, Institute of Advanced Electrochemical Energy & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
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Li J, Xing Z, Li D, Wang Y, Hu X, Hu T, Chen Y. Suppressed Ion Migration in FA-Rich Perovskite Photovoltaics through Enhanced Nucleation of Encapsulation Interface. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305732. [PMID: 37712165 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
With excellent homogeneity, compactness and controllable thickness, atomic layer deposition (ALD) technology is widely used in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, residual organic sources and undesired reactions pose serious challenges to device performance as well as stability. Here, ester groups of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) are introduced as a reaction medium to promote the nucleation and complete conversion of tetrakis(dimethylamino)tin(IV) (TDMA-Sn). Through simulations and experiments, it is verified that ester groups as Lewis bases can coordinate with TDMA-Sn to facilitate homogeneous deposition of ALD-SnOx , which acts as self-encapsulated interface with blocking properties against external moisture as well as internal ion migration. Meanwhile, a comprehensive evaluation of the self-encapsulated interface reveals that the energy level alignment is optimized to improve the carrier transport. Finally, the self-encapsulated device obtains a champion photovoltaic conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.06% and retains 85% of the initial PCE after being stored at 85 °C with relative humidity of 85% for more than 800 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Li
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Zhi Xing
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC)/Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Dengxue Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC)/Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Xiaotian Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC)/Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, 226010, China
| | - Ting Hu
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, 226010, China
| | - Yiwang Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC)/Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, 226010, China
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Li J, Zhao R, Wang X. In situx-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of the atomic layer deposition of Al 2O 3on SiO x/Si: Interface dipole and persistent surface groups. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:245708. [PMID: 36917851 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acc408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Atomic layer deposition (ALD) has become an essential technology in many areas. To better develop and use this technology, it is of the pivot to understand the surface chemistry during the ALD film growth. The growth of an ALD oxide film may also induce an electric dipole at the interface, which may be further tuned to modulate the flat band voltage for electronic device applications. To understand the associated surface chemistry and interface dipole formation process, we herein employ anin situx-ray photoelectron spectroscopy technique to study the ALD growth of Al2O3, from trimethylaluminum and H2O, on the SiOx/Si surface. We find that an electric dipole is formed at the Al2O3/SiOxinterface immediately after the first Al2O3layer is deposited. We also observe persistent surface methyl groups in the H2O half-cycle during ALD, and the amount of the persistent methyls is particularly higher during the initial Al2O3ALD growth, which suggests the formation of Si-CH3on the surface. These findings can provide useful routes and insights toward interface engineering by ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiong Li
- School of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Zhao
- School of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinwei Wang
- School of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
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Park H, Jeong S, Kim E, Shin S, Shin H. Hole-Transporting Vanadium-Containing Oxide (V 2O 5-x) Interlayers Enhance Stability of α-FAPbI 3-Based Perovskite Solar Cells (∼23%). ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:42007-42017. [PMID: 36073165 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted tremendous interest due to their outstanding intrinsic photovoltaic properties, such as absorption coefficients, exciton binding energies, and long carrier lifetimes. Although the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs is close to the Si solar cells' PCE, device stability remains a challenge. In particular, the device stability is more critical in n-i-p normal structured PSCs, which show a higher efficiency than p-i-n inverted ones, simply because of the much lower stability of 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spi). To prevent the devices from degrading performances arising both from perovskite's degradation and Spi instability, we prepare atomic layer deposition (ALD)-grown transition metal oxides for hole transport with efficient n-i-p PSCs. We demonstrate low-temperature (Tdep = 45 °C)-grown amorphous ALD-V2O5-x with oxygen-deficient traps on top of Spi as an interlayer, which prevents the devices' degradation in performance. By blocking moisture and oxygen, ALD-V2O5-x was able to greatly improve the devices' stability by preserving the photovoltaic α-FAPbI3 phase while suppressing both Li ion diffusion from the additive and Au ions from the electrode. As a result, we successfully fabricate PSCs with passivation/hole-transporting bifunctional Spi/ALD-V2O5-x interlayers without sacrificing photovoltaic performances, and the device stability is significantly improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoungmin Park
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
- SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology (SIEST), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghwa Jeong
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsoo Kim
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooeun Shin
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
- SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology (SIEST), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Shin
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
- SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology (SIEST), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
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Caselli V, Savenije T. Quantifying Charge Carrier Recombination Losses in MAPbI 3/C60 and MAPbI 3/Spiro-OMeTAD with and without Bias Illumination. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:7523-7531. [PMID: 35947433 PMCID: PMC9393883 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To increase the open-circuit voltage in perovskite-based solar cells, recombination processes at the interface with transport layers (TLs) should be identified and reduced. We investigated the charge carrier dynamics in bilayers of methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) with C60 or Spiro-OMeTAD using time-resolved microwave conductance (TRMC) measurements with and without bias illumination (BI). By modeling the results, we quantified recombination losses in bare MAPbI3 and extraction into the TLs. Only under BI did we find that the density of deep traps increases in bare MAPbI3, substantially enhancing trap-mediated losses. This reversible process is prevented in a bilayer with C60 but not with Spiro-OMeTAD. While under BI extraction rates reduce significantly in both bilayers, only in MAPbI3/Spiro-OMeTAD does interfacial recombination also increases, substantially reducing the quasi Fermi level splitting. This work demonstrates the impact of BI on charge dynamics and shows that adjusting the Fermi level of TLs is imperative to reduce interfacial recombination losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- V.M. Caselli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - T.J. Savenije
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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Liao X, Habisreutinger SN, Wiesner S, Sadoughi G, Abou-Ras D, Gluba MA, Wilks RG, Félix R, Rusu M, Nicholas RJ, Snaith HJ, Bär M. Chemical Interaction at the MoO 3/CH 3NH 3PbI 3-xCl x Interface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:17085-17092. [PMID: 33787195 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c01284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The limited long-term stability of metal halide perovskite-based solar cells is a bottleneck in their drive toward widespread commercial adaptation. The organic hole-transport materials (HTMs) have been implicated in the degradation, and metal oxide layers are proposed as alternatives. One of the most prominent metal oxide HTM in organic photovoltaics is MoO3. However, the use of MoO3 as HTM in metal halide perovskite-based devices causes a severe solar cell deterioration. Thus, the formation of the MoO3/CH3NH3PbI3-xClx (MAPbI3-xClx) heterojunction is systematically studied by synchrotron-based hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Upon MoO3 deposition, significant chemical interaction is induced at the MoO3/MAPbI3-xClx interface: substoichiometric molybdenum oxide is present, and the perovskite decomposes in the proximity of the interface, leading to accumulation of PbI2 on the MoO3 cover layer. Furthermore, we find evidence for the formation of new compounds such as PbMoO4, PbN2O2, and PbO as a result of the MAPbI3-xClx decomposition and suggest chemical reaction pathways to describe the underlying mechanism. These findings suggest that the (direct) MoO3/MAPbI3-xClx interface may be inherently unstable. It provides an explanation for the low power conversion efficiencies of metal halide perovskite solar cells that use MoO3 as a hole-transport material and in which there is a direct contact between MoO3 and perovskite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaxia Liao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
- Department Interface Design, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH (HZB), Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Sven Wiesner
- Institute Functional Oxides for Energy-Efficient IT, HZB, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Golnaz Sadoughi
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, U.K
| | - Daniel Abou-Ras
- Structure and Dynamics of Energy Materials, HZB, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc A Gluba
- Institute for Silicon Photovoltaics, HZB, Kekulestr. 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Regan G Wilks
- Department Interface Design, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH (HZB), Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Energy Materials In-Situ Laboratory Berlin (EMIL), HZB, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Roberto Félix
- Department Interface Design, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH (HZB), Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marin Rusu
- Structure and Dynamics of Energy Materials, HZB, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robin J Nicholas
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, U.K
| | - Henry J Snaith
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, U.K
| | - Marcus Bär
- Department Interface Design, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH (HZB), Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Energy Materials In-Situ Laboratory Berlin (EMIL), HZB, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (HI ERN), Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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