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Restivo E, Peluso E, Bloise N, Bello GL, Bruni G, Giannaccari M, Raiteri R, Fassina L, Visai L. Surface Properties of a Biocompatible Thermoplastic Polyurethane and Its Anti-Adhesive Effect against E. coli and S. aureus. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:24. [PMID: 38248691 PMCID: PMC10816734 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is a polymer used in a variety of fields, including medical applications. Here, we aimed to verify if the brush and bar coater deposition techniques did not alter TPU properties. The topography of the TPU-modified surfaces was studied via AFM demonstrating no significant differences between brush and bar coater-modified surfaces, compared to the un-modified TPU (TPU Film). The effect of the surfaces on planktonic bacteria, evaluated by MTT assay, demonstrated their anti-adhesive effect on E. coli, while the bar coater significantly reduced staphylococcal planktonic adhesion and both bacterial biofilms compared to other samples. Interestingly, Pearson's R coefficient analysis showed that Ra roughness and Haralick's correlation feature were trend predictors for planktonic bacterial cells adhesion. The surface adhesion property was evaluated against NIH-3T3 murine fibroblasts by MTT and against human fibrinogen and human platelet-rich plasma by ELISA and LDH assay, respectively. An indirect cytotoxicity experiment against NIH-3T3 confirmed the biocompatibility of the TPUs. Overall, the results indicated that the deposition techniques did not alter the antibacterial and anti-adhesive surface properties of modified TPU compared to un-modified TPU, nor its bio- and hemocompatibility, confirming the suitability of TPU brush and bar coater films in the biomedical and pharmaceutical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Restivo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Centre for Health Technologies (CHT), Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e la Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), Research Unit (UdR) Pavia, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.R.); (E.P.); (M.G.); (L.V.)
- . Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research (Centro 3R), University of Pavia Unit, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Emanuela Peluso
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Centre for Health Technologies (CHT), Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e la Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), Research Unit (UdR) Pavia, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.R.); (E.P.); (M.G.); (L.V.)
- . Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research (Centro 3R), University of Pavia Unit, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Nora Bloise
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Centre for Health Technologies (CHT), Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e la Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), Research Unit (UdR) Pavia, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.R.); (E.P.); (M.G.); (L.V.)
- . Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research (Centro 3R), University of Pavia Unit, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Medicina Clinica-Specialistica, UOR5 Laboratorio di Nanotecnologie, ICS Maugeri, IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lo Bello
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and System Engineering—DIBRIS, University of Genoa, 16145 Genoa, Italy; (G.L.B.); (R.R.)
| | - Giovanna Bruni
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry Section, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Marialaura Giannaccari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Centre for Health Technologies (CHT), Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e la Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), Research Unit (UdR) Pavia, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.R.); (E.P.); (M.G.); (L.V.)
- . Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research (Centro 3R), University of Pavia Unit, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberto Raiteri
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and System Engineering—DIBRIS, University of Genoa, 16145 Genoa, Italy; (G.L.B.); (R.R.)
| | - Lorenzo Fassina
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Health Technologies (CHT), University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Livia Visai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Centre for Health Technologies (CHT), Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e la Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), Research Unit (UdR) Pavia, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.R.); (E.P.); (M.G.); (L.V.)
- . Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research (Centro 3R), University of Pavia Unit, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Medicina Clinica-Specialistica, UOR5 Laboratorio di Nanotecnologie, ICS Maugeri, IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Gatto ML, Furlani M, Giuliani A, Cabibbo M, Bloise N, Fassina L, Petruczuk M, Visai L, Mengucci P. Combined Effects of HA Concentration and Unit Cell Geometry on the Biomechanical Behavior of PCL/HA Scaffold for Tissue Engineering Applications Produced by LPBF. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4950. [PMID: 37512225 PMCID: PMC10381722 DOI: 10.3390/ma16144950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
This experimental study aims at filling the gap in the literature concerning the combined effects of hydroxyapatite (HA) concentration and elementary unit cell geometry on the biomechanical performances of additively manufactured polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite (PCL/HA) scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Scaffolds produced by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) with diamond (DO) and rhombic dodecahedron (RD) elementary unit cells and HA concentrations of 5, 30 and 50 wt.% were subjected to structural, mechanical and biological characterization to investigate the biomechanical and degradative behavior from the perspective of bone tissue regeneration. Haralick's features describing surface pattern, correlation between micro- and macro-structural properties and human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) viability and proliferation have been considered. Experimental results showed that HA has negative influence on scaffold compaction under compression, while on the contrary it has a positive effect on hMSC adhesion. The unit cell geometry influences the mechanical response in the plastic regime and also has an effect on the cell proliferation. Finally, both HA concentration and elementary unit cell geometry affect the scaffold elastic deformation behavior as well as the amount of micro-porosity which, in turn, influences the scaffold degradation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Gatto
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 12, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Michele Furlani
- Department of Clinical Science, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 12, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Alessandra Giuliani
- Department of Clinical Science, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 12, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Marcello Cabibbo
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 12, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Nora Bloise
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Centre for Health Technologies (CHT), INSTM UdR of Pavia, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 3/b, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Medicina Clinica-Specialistica, UOR5 Laboratorio di Nanotecnologie, ICS Maugeri, IRCCS, Via Salvatore Maugeri 4, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Fassina
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Health Technologies (CHT), University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 5, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marlena Petruczuk
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 141 Woloska Str., 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Livia Visai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Centre for Health Technologies (CHT), INSTM UdR of Pavia, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 3/b, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Medicina Clinica-Specialistica, UOR5 Laboratorio di Nanotecnologie, ICS Maugeri, IRCCS, Via Salvatore Maugeri 4, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Mengucci
- Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning, INSTM UdR of Ancona, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 12, 60131 Ancona, Italy
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Safavi MS, Khalil-Allafi J, Visai L. Improved osteogenic activity of NiTi orthopedic implant by HAp-Nb 2O 5 composite coatings: Materials and biological points of view. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 150:213435. [PMID: 37098321 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
The surface properties of NiTi, as an interface between the synthetic implant and living tissue, play a vital role in guaranteeing implantation success, especially during the initial stage. This contribution endeavors to enhance the surface features of NiTi orthopedic implants through the application of HAp-based coatings, placing emphasis on assessing the influence of Nb2O5 particles concentration in the electrolyte on resultant properties of HAp-Nb2O5 composite electrodeposits. The coatings were electrodeposited via pulse current mode under galvanostatic current control from an electrolyte containing 0-1 g/L of Nb2O5 particles. Surface morphology, topography, and phase composition were evaluated using FESEM, AFM, and XRD, respectively. EDS was employed to study surface chemistry. In vitro biomineralization and osteogenic activity of the samples were studied by immersing the samples in SBF and incubating them with osteoblastic SAOS-2 cells, respectively. The added Nb2O5 particles, at the optimum concentration, stimulated biomineralization, suppressed the Ni ion leaching, and improved SAOS-2 cell adhesion and proliferation. NiTi implant coated by HAp-0.50 g/L Nb2O5 layer showed tremendous osteogenic properties. Overall, the HAp-Nb2O5 composite layers bring forth fascinating coating in vitro biological performance, reducing Ni leaching, and promoting osteogenic activity, which are fundamental for the successful use of NiTi in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Saman Safavi
- Research Center for Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, P.O. Box: 51335-1996, Iran; Molecular Medicine Department (DMM), Center for Health Technologies (CHT), UdR INSTM, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 3/B, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Jafar Khalil-Allafi
- Research Center for Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, P.O. Box: 51335-1996, Iran.
| | - Livia Visai
- Molecular Medicine Department (DMM), Center for Health Technologies (CHT), UdR INSTM, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 3/B, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Medicina Clinica-Specialistica, UOR5 Laboratorio di Nanotecnologie, ICS Maugeri, IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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Bloise N, Waldorff EI, Montagna G, Bruni G, Fassina L, Fang S, Zhang N, Jiang J, Ryaby JT, Visai L. Early Osteogenic Marker Expression in hMSCs Cultured onto Acid Etching-Derived Micro- and Nanotopography 3D-Printed Titanium Surfaces. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7070. [PMID: 35806083 PMCID: PMC9266831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) titanium composite (PTC) is a novel interbody fusion device that combines a PEEK core with titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) endplates. The present study aimed to investigate the in vitro biological reactivity of human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) to micro- and nanotopographies produced by an acid-etching process on the surface of 3D-printed PTC endplates. Optical profilometer and scanning electron microscopy were used to assess the surface roughness and identify the nano-features of etched or unetched PTC endplates, respectively. The viability, morphology and the expression of specific osteogenic markers were examined after 7 days of culture in the seeded cells. Haralick texture analysis was carried out on the unseeded endplates to correlate surface texture features to the biological data. The acid-etching process modified the surface roughness of the 3D-printed PTC endplates, creating micro- and nano-scale structures that significantly contributed to sustaining the viability of hBM-MSCs and triggering the expression of early osteogenic markers, such as alkaline phosphatase activity and bone-ECM protein production. Finally, the topography of 3D-printed PTC endplates influenced Haralick's features, which in turn correlated with the expression of two osteogenic markers, osteopontin and osteocalcin. Overall, these data demonstrate that the acid-etching process of PTC endplates created a favourable environment for osteogenic differentiation of hBM-MSCs and may potentially have clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Bloise
- Department of Molecular Medicine (DMM), Center for Health Technologies (CHT), UdR INSTM, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Medicina Clinica-Specialistica, UOR5 Laboratorio di Nanotecnologie, ICS Maugeri, IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Erik I. Waldorff
- Research and Product Development, Orthofix Medical, Inc., 3451 Plano Parkway, Lewisville, TX 75056, USA; (E.I.W.); (S.F.); (N.Z.); (J.T.R.)
| | - Giulia Montagna
- Department of Molecular Medicine (DMM), Center for Health Technologies (CHT), UdR INSTM, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Health Technologies (CHT), University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Bruni
- C.S.G.I.-Department of Chemistry, Section of Physical Chemistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Lorenzo Fassina
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Health Technologies (CHT), University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Samuel Fang
- Research and Product Development, Orthofix Medical, Inc., 3451 Plano Parkway, Lewisville, TX 75056, USA; (E.I.W.); (S.F.); (N.Z.); (J.T.R.)
| | - Nianli Zhang
- Research and Product Development, Orthofix Medical, Inc., 3451 Plano Parkway, Lewisville, TX 75056, USA; (E.I.W.); (S.F.); (N.Z.); (J.T.R.)
| | - Jiechao Jiang
- Department of Material Science, University of Texas, Arlington, TX 76019, USA;
| | - James T. Ryaby
- Research and Product Development, Orthofix Medical, Inc., 3451 Plano Parkway, Lewisville, TX 75056, USA; (E.I.W.); (S.F.); (N.Z.); (J.T.R.)
| | - Livia Visai
- Department of Molecular Medicine (DMM), Center for Health Technologies (CHT), UdR INSTM, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Medicina Clinica-Specialistica, UOR5 Laboratorio di Nanotecnologie, ICS Maugeri, IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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